Eclipse上使用Hibernate5.0及以上版本编写第一个HelloWorld程序

qq_32808309 2016-05-23 01:59:35

这个贴子是为了帮助初学者解决使用Eclipse并使用Hibernate5.0及以上版本（我用的是 hibernate-release-5.1.0-Final）创建第一个Hibernate HelloWorld程序时，junit4测试时出现各种问题。
未知实体类（- org.hibernate.MappingException: Unknown entity），
找不到cfg.xml包（org.hibernate.internal.util.config.ConfigurationException: Could not locate cfg.xml resource）
的解决办法。
我的环境:
Eclipse Java EE IDE for Web Developers.Version: Mars.2 Release (4.5.2)
jdk1.8.0_92
hibernate-release-5.1.0-Final
JBoss Tools 4.3.1 Final

1、当爆出：未知实体类（- org.hibernate.MappingException: Unknown entity）错误时，原因是：
Hibernate5.0及以上版本，与4.x以往版本不同的，最关键的代码——获得SessionFactory的方式不同

private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;

// 5.0及以上版本——不用通过ServiceRegistry
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();

// 4.x版本——需要通过ServiceRegistry
Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).build();
sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();


还有一个找不到类的原因： 在cfg.xml配置文件中<mapping class="" />映射没有配置正确
（1）、可以通过持久化类来配置




（2）、 可以通过.hbm.xml来配置



（3）、当然你也可以两个都加上去


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------————----------------------------

2、当爆出：找不到cfg.xml包（org.hibernate.internal.util.config.ConfigurationException: Could not locate cfg.xml resource）错误时，原因是: cfg.xml文件放置的位置不对
你需要把.cfg.xml文件放在src中的一个Source Floder下如下图

原因在于，sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); 这一段代码中获取cfg.xml文件的默认位置就是在src目录下。.
（configure()中是可以填写一个URL参数的，但是我不会写，还有，我把cfg.xml文件直接放在src目录下，有的时候可以正常运行，有的时候又说找不到cfg.xml文件。希望高手来解决这个问题，感谢！。）


贴出我的HelloWorld程序所有代码

Students
package config;





import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;



import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Id;





@Entity(name="Students")

public class Students implements Serializable{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Id

	private int sid; // 学号

	private String sname; // 姓名

	private String gender; // 性别

	private Date brithday; // 出生日期

	private String address; // 住址

	

	public Students(){}



	public Students(int sid, String sname, String gender, Date brithday, String address) {

		super();

		this.sid = sid;

		this.sname = sname;

		this.gender = gender;

		this.brithday = brithday;

		this.address = address;

	}



	public int getSid() {

		return sid;

	}



	public void setSid(int sid) {

		this.sid = sid;

	}



	public String getSname() {

		return sname;

	}



	public void setSname(String sname) {

		this.sname = sname;

	}



	public String getGender() {

		return gender;

	}



	public void setGender(String gender) {

		this.gender = gender;

	}



	public Date getBrithday() {

		return brithday;

	}



	public void setBrithday(Date brithday) {

		this.brithday = brithday;

	}



	public String getAddress() {

		return address;

	}



	public void setAddress(String address) {

		this.address = address;

	}



	@Override

	public String toString() {

		return "Students [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", gender=" + gender + ", brithday=" + brithday

				+ ", address=" + address + "]";

	};

	

	

}


TestStudents
public class TestStudents {



	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

	private Session session;

	private Transaction transaction;



	@Before

	public void init() {

		

		// 获得 session工厂

		sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

		// 获得 session

		session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();

		// 开启事务

		transaction = session.beginTransaction();



	}



	@After

	public void destory() {

		transaction.commit(); // 提交事务



	}



	@Test

	public void testSaveStudents() {

		// 生成学生对象

		Students students = new Students(2, "黄蓉", "女", new Date(), "桃花岛");

		System.out.println(students.getSname() + students.getGender() + students.getAddress());

		session.save(students); // 保存对象进入数据库

	}

}


hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC

		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"

		"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>

        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>

        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">xxxxxx</property>

        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>

        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>

        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>

        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>

        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>

        <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        

        <mapping class="config.Students"/>

        <mapping resource="config/Students.hbm.xml"/>

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>


Students.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Generated May 22, 2016 11:40:35 PM by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->

<hibernate-mapping>

    <class name="config.Students" table="STUDENTS">

        <id name="sid" type="int">

            <column name="SID" />

            <generator class="assigned" />

        </id>

        <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">

            <column name="SNAME" />

        </property>

        <property name="gender" type="java.lang.String">

            <column name="GENDER" />

        </property>

        <property name="brithday" type="java.util.Date">

            <column name="BRITHDAY" />

        </property>

        <property name="address" type="java.lang.String">

            <column name="ADDRESS" />

        </property>

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

最后的最后，要特别感谢这几个网址中的朋友。正是看到了这些提问与回答，才解决了我这弄了整整两天的问题。
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/4350852805
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/32405031/hibernate-5-org-hibernate-mappingexception-unknown-entity
http://www.coderanch.com/t/215954/ORM/databases/hibernate-cfg-xml
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扭秧歌去巴黎 2017-08-15
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感谢楼主，困扰一天问题终于解决了！！！
qq_39589333 2017-07-24
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为什么 我按楼主所写的 出现错误 javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:147) at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:155) at org.hibernate.internal.ExceptionConverterImpl.convert(ExceptionConverterImpl.java:162) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.doFlush(SessionImpl.java:1441) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:491) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.flushBeforeTransactionCompletion(SessionImpl.java:3201) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.beforeTransactionCompletion(SessionImpl.java:2411) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcCoordinatorImpl.beforeTransactionCompletion(JdbcCoordinatorImpl.java:467) at org.hibernate.resource.transaction.backend.jdbc.internal.JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl.beforeCompletionCallback(JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl.java:146) at org.hibernate.resource.transaction.backend.jdbc.internal.JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl.access$100(JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl.java:38) at org.hibernate.resource.transaction.backend.jdbc.internal.JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl$TransactionDriverControlImpl.commit(JdbcResourceLocalTransactionCoordinatorImpl.java:220) at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.TransactionImpl.commit(TransactionImpl.java:68) at TestStudents.destory(TestStudents.java:33) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:36) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.convert(SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.java:63) at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:111) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:97) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:208) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.NonBatchingBatch.addToBatch(NonBatchingBatch.java:45) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3003) at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3503) at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:89) at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:589) at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:463) at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:337) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:39) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.doFlush(SessionImpl.java:1435) ... 32 more Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'hibernate.students' doesn't exist at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:406) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:381) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1030) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:956) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3515) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3447) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1951) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2101) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2554) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1761) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:2046) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1964) at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeUpdate(PreparedStatement.java:1949) at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:205) ... 41 more
李德胜1995 2017-05-01
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MC_倾城 2017-04-30
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非常棒，解决了，谢谢楼主
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