sql server 行变列,求教?

[gc_xyz]

起初查询语句如下:
select count(no) a,datepart(mm,swrq) b from a_swxx where swrq >= '2008-2-1' and swrq<= '2008-4-1' and swfl='火工品' group by datepart(mm,swrq)
按照月份统计记录条数(a-记录数,b-记录产生月份)
----------
a b
1 3
2 4

____________________________________________
如何,用上面sql生成如下结构,就是b列的值,做为新结果的列名(b列不固定数目)
3 4
1 2

[liangCK]

垂直转换?..

[liangCK]

--行列互换

/*--有表
indust     200301     200302     200303     
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 
a          111        222        333
b          444        555        666
c          777        888        999
d          789        910        012


--要求得到结果
日期     a    b    c    d    
------ ---- ---- ---- ---- 
200301 111  444  777  789
200302 222  555  888  910
200303 333  666  999  012
--*/

--创建测试表
create table test(indust varchar(10)
	,[200301] varchar(10)
	,[200302] varchar(10)
	,[200303] varchar(10))
insert test select 'a','111','222','333'
union all select 'b','444','555','666' 
union all select 'c','777','888','999'
union all select 'd','789','910','012'
go

--数据处理
declare @f1 varchar(8000),@f2 varchar(8000),@f3 varchar(8000)
select @f1='',@f2='',@f3=''
select @f1=@f1+',['+indust+']='''+[200301]+''''
	,@f2=@f2+','''+[200302]+''''
	,@f3=@f3+','''+[200303]+''''
from test
exec('select 日期=''200301'''+@f1
	+' union all select ''200302'''+@f2
	+' union all select ''200303'''+@f3)
go
--删除测试表
select * from test
drop table test

/*--测试结果
日期     a    b    c    d    
------ ---- ---- ---- ---- 
200301 111  444  777  789
200302 222  555  888  910
200303 333  666  999  012
--*/

[gc_xyz]

对啊,垂直转换

[gc_xyz]

关键b列的值不是固定的啊

[liangCK]

老乌龟有个垂直行转列的..叫他发..

[dawugui]

参考如下:

/*
将表数据旋转90度(2007-11-19于海南三亚)

将下表数据：
A                    b           c           d           e           
-------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 
x                    1           2           3           4
y                    5           6           7           8
z                    9           10          11          12

转化成如下结果：
a                    x          y          z          
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 
b                    1          5          9
c                    2          6          10
d                    3          7          11
e                    4          8          12

*/

--生成测试数据
create table test1(A varchar(20),b int,c int,d int,e int)
insert into test1 select 'x',1,2 ,3 ,4
insert into test1 select 'y',5,6 ,7 ,8
insert into test1 select 'z',9,10,11,12
go

--生成中间数据表
declare @s varchar(8000)
set @s = 'create table test2(a varchar(20)'
select @s = @s + ',' + A + ' varchar(10)' from test1
set @s = @s + ')'
exec(@s)
print @s
--借助中间表实现行列转换
declare @name varchar(20)

declare t_cursor cursor for 
select name from syscolumns 
where id=object_id('test1') and colid > 1 order by colid

open t_cursor

fetch next from t_cursor into @name

while @@fetch_status = 0
begin
    exec('select ' + @name + ' as t into test3 from test1')
    set @s='insert into test2 select ''' + @name + ''''
    select @s = @s + ',''' + rtrim(t) + '''' from test3
    exec(@s)
    exec('drop table test3')
    fetch next from t_cursor into @name
end
close t_cursor
deallocate t_cursor

--查看行列互换处理结果
select * from test1
select * from test2

--删除表
drop table test1
drop table test2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*固定的写法:*/
select t1.* , t2.y , t3.z from
(select a = 'b' , x = b from test1 where a = 'x') t1, 
(select a = 'b' , y = b from test1 where a = 'y') t2,
(select a = 'b' , z = b from test1 where a = 'z') t3
where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t2.a
union all
select t1.* , t2.y , t3.z from
(select a = 'c' , x = c from test1 where a = 'x') t1, 
(select a = 'c' , y = c from test1 where a = 'y') t2,
(select a = 'c' , z = c from test1 where a = 'z') t3
where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t2.a
union all
select t1.* , t2.y , t3.z from
(select a = 'd' , x = d from test1 where a = 'x') t1, 
(select a = 'd' , y = d from test1 where a = 'y') t2,
(select a = 'd' , z = d from test1 where a = 'z') t3
where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t2.a
union all
select t1.* , t2.y , t3.z from
(select a = 'e' , x = e from test1 where a = 'x') t1, 
(select a = 'e' , y = e from test1 where a = 'y') t2,
(select a = 'e' , z = e from test1 where a = 'z') t3
where t1.a = t2.a and t1.a = t2.a

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
表tb,数据如下:
项目种类  业绩  提成
洗吹类　　200   10
外卖      100   5
合计      300   15
转换成:
项目种类  洗吹类  外卖  合计
业绩      200     100   300
提成      10      5     15
*/

create table tb
(
  项目种类 varchar(10),
  业绩     int,
  提成     int
)

insert into tb(项目种类,业绩,提成) values('洗吹类',200,10)
insert into tb(项目种类,业绩,提成) values('外卖'  ,100,5)
insert into tb(项目种类,业绩,提成) values('合计'  ,300,15)
go

select 项目种类,sum(洗吹类) as 洗吹类 , sum(外卖) as 外卖 , sum(合计) as 合计 from
(
  select 项目种类 = '业绩',
         洗吹类   = case when 项目种类 = '洗吹类' then 业绩 else 0 end,
         外卖     = case when 项目种类 = '外卖'   then 业绩 else 0 end,
         合计     = case when 项目种类 = '合计'   then 业绩 else 0 end
  from tb
union all
  select 项目种类 = '提成' ,
         洗吹类   = case when 项目种类 = '洗吹类' then 提成 else 0 end,
         外卖     = case when 项目种类 = '外卖'   then 提成 else 0 end,
         合计     = case when 项目种类 = '合计'   then 提成 else 0 end
  from tb
) m
group by 项目种类
order by 项目种类 desc

drop table tb

/*
项目种类 洗吹类      外卖        合计          
-------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 
业绩     200         100         300
提成     10          5           15

（所影响的行数为 2 行）
*/

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
数据库中tb表格如下
 
月份    工资   福利  奖金
1月     100    200   300
2月     110    210   310
3月     120    220   320
4月     130    230   330

我想得到的结果是

项目   1月    2月  3月  4月
工资   100    110  120  130
福利   200    210  220  230
奖金   300    310  320  330

就是说完全把表格的行列颠倒，有点像那种旋转矩阵，请问如何用sql 语句实现？
*/

if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects
where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_zj]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)
drop procedure [dbo].[p_zj]
GO
/*--行列互换的通用存储过程(原著:邹建):将指定的表,按指定的字段进行行列互换*/

create proc p_zj
       @tbname sysname, --要处理的表名
       @fdname sysname, --做为转换的列名
       @new_fdname sysname='' --为转换后的列指定列名
as
declare @s1 varchar(8000) , @s2 varchar(8000),
        @s3 varchar(8000) , @s4 varchar(8000),
        @s5 varchar(8000) , @i varchar(10)
select @s1 = '' , @s2 = '' , @s3 = '' , @s4 = '' , @s5 = '' , @i = '0'
select @s1 = @s1 + ',@' + @i + ' varchar(8000)',
       @s2 = @s2 + ',@' + @i + '=''' + case isnull(@new_fdname , '') when '' then ''
       else @new_fdname + '=' end + '''''' + name + '''''''',
       @s3 = @s3 + 'select @' + @i + '=@' + @i + '+'',['' + [' + @fdname + 
       ']+'']=''+cast([' + name + '] as varchar) from [' + @tbname + ']',
       @s4 = @s4 + ',@' + @i + '=''select ''+@' + @i,
       @s5 = @s5 + '+'' union all ''+@' + @i,
       @i=cast(@i as int)+1
from syscolumns
where object_id(@tbname)=id and name<>@fdname

select @s1=substring(@s1,2,8000),
       @s2=substring(@s2,2,8000),
       @s4=substring(@s4,2,8000),
       @s5=substring(@s5,16,8000)
exec('declare ' + @s1 + 'select ' + @s2 + @s3 + 'select ' + @s4 + '
exec(' + @s5 + ')')
go

--用上面的存储过程测试：

create table Test(月份 varchar(4), 工资 int, 福利 int, 奖金 int)
insert Test 
select '1月',100,200,300 union all
select '2月',110,210,310 union all
select '3月',120,220,320 union all
select '4月',130,230,330
go

exec p_zj 'Test', '月份' , '项目'

drop table Test
drop proc p_zj

/*
项目   1月         2月         3月         4月          
---- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- 
福利   200         210         220         230
工资   100         110         120         130
奖金   300         310         320         330

（所影响的行数为 3 行）
*/

/*
静态写法(SQL2005)
*/
--测试环境
create table Test(月份 varchar(4), 工资 int, 福利 int, 奖金 int)
insert Test
select '1月',100,200,300 union all
select '2月',110,210,310 union all
select '3月',120,220,320 union all
select '4月',130,230,330
go
--测试语句
SELECT * FROM 
(
  SELECT 考核月份,月份,金额 FROM 
     (SELECT 月份, 工资, 福利, 奖金 FROM Test) p
  UNPIVOT
     (金额 FOR 考核月份 IN (工资, 福利, 奖金))AS unpvt
) T
PIVOT
(MAX(金额)  FOR 月份 in ([1月],[2月],[3月],[4月]))AS pt

--测试结果

/*
考核月份  1月     2月      3月     4月
-------  -----  -----   ------  -------
福利200210220230
工资100110120130
奖金300310320330
*/

--删除环境
Drop table Test