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library network communciations layer not loaded如何解决?
jojoova
2008-12-08 08:49:42
pb连接数据库时出现library network communciations layer not loaded提示改怎么办?
还有还少一个libct.dll文件,谁有发个到我的邮箱吧,zjcc017@yahoo.com.cn
不甚感激
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library network communciations layer not loaded如何解决?
pb连接数据库时出现library network communciations layer not loaded提示改怎么办? 还有还少一个libct.dll文件,谁有发个到我的邮箱吧,zjcc017@yahoo.com.cn 不甚感激
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liubocy
2008-12-08
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这个dll安装asa应该就有了
jlwei888
2008-12-08
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你的表达能务真是太强了!
jojoova
2008-12-08
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第一个问题已经解决...这几天总是被pb折磨啊-_-
求dll文件..
jlwei888
2008-12-08
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晕,PB几的啊!还不如重装一次了!
解决
未加载db-
library
网络通信层rar
解决
windows98、2000缺少微软最新SQL数据引擎的动态库文件造成的未加载db-
library
网络通信层问题。 运行"请运行.bat"文件
Android Platform Developer‘s Guide.doc
目录如下: Android Platform Developer's Guide 4 About this Guide 4 Intend
ed
Audience 4 Getting Start
ed
with Android 4 Android Build System 4 In this document 4 Building the Android Platform 6 Building the Android Kernel 8 Build Variants 9 Configuring a New Product 10 In this document 10 Detail
ed
Instruct
ion
s 11 New Product File Tree 13 Product Definit
ion
Files 14 Build Cookbook 15 In this document 15 Building a simple APK 16 Building a APK that depends on a static .jar file 16 Building a APK that should be sign
ed
with the platform key 16 Building a APK that should be sign
ed
with a specific vendor key 17 Adding a prebuilt APK 17 Adding a Static Java
Library
18 Android.mk Variables 18 Creating Release Keys and Signing Builds 26 In this document 26 Introduct
ion
27 Generating keys 27 Signing a build for release 28 Customizat
ion
29 In this document 29 Boot Screen Customizat
ion
29
Network
Customizat
ion
Platform 30 Customizing pre-
load
ed
applicat
ion
s 31 Customizing browser bookmarks 32 Email Provider Customizat
ion
34 Platform Themes 37 Bring Up 38 1. Confirm a Clean Installat
ion
of a Basic Linux Kernel 38 2. Modify Your Kernel Configurat
ion
to Ac
com
modate Android Drivers 38 3. Write Drivers 38 4. Burn Images to Flash 39 5. Boot the kernel and mount the RAMdisk. 39 6. Debug Android-specific init programs on RAMdisk 39 7. Verify that applicat
ion
s have start
ed
40 8. Pulling it all together 40 Android Init Language 41 Display Drivers 46 In this document 46 F
unc
t
ion
ality 46 Implementing Your Own Driver (Driver Template) 47 Troubleshooting 54 Keymaps and Keyboard Input 54 In this document 54 F
unc
t
ion
ality 55 Key Layout Map 56 Key Character Map 58 Implementing Your Own Driver (Driver Template) 61 Sample Implementat
ion
64 Lights 65 In this document 65 Building a Lights
Library
66 Interface 66 light_state_t Struct Reference 69 Data Fields 69 Detail
ed
Descript
ion
69 Field Documentat
ion
69 Audio 70 In this document 70 Building an Audio
Library
71 Interface 72 Camera 78 In this document 78 Building a Camera
Library
79 Sequence Diagrams 80 CameraHardwareInterface.h File Reference 82 Namespaces 82 Data Structures 82 Typ
ed
efs 83 F
unc
t
ion
s 83 Power Management 83 Introduct
ion
84 Wake Locks 85 Driver API 87 User-space API 87 Types of Wake Locks 88 Exploring a Wake Lock Example 88 PowerManager class 89 Registering Drivers with the PM Driver 89 Early Suspend 90 Sensors 90 In this document 90 Building a Sensor
Library
91 Interface 91 sensors.h File Reference 91 Data Structures 91 Radio
Layer
Interface 92 In this document 92 RIL Initializat
ion
94 RIL Interact
ion
94 Implementing the RIL 96 RIL F
unc
t
ion
s 97 Dalvik 100 In this document 100 Core Libraries 100 JNI Call Bridge 101 Interpreter 102 Mterp Interpreter Structure 102 Getting Start
ed
With Mterp 103 Replacing Stubs 105 Interpreter Switching 106 Testing 106 Testing and Debugging 107 Instrumentat
ion
Testing 107 In this document 107 Instrumentat
ion
Framework 108 Platform Test Suites 109 Running Tests 110 Writing Tests 114 Debugging with GDB 116 In this document 116 Debugging 117 Just-In-Time Debug Feature 119 Debugging Native Code 120 In this document 120 Capturing logs 120 Debug Scenarios 121 Debugging with tcpdump and other tools 128 Installing tcpdump 128 Running tcpdump 129 Other
network
debugging
com
mands 130
python3.6.5参考手册 chm
Python参考手册,官方正式版参考手册,chm版。以下摘取部分内容:Navigat
ion
index modules | next | Python » 3.6.5 Documentat
ion
» Python Documentat
ion
contents What’s New in Python What’s New In Python 3.6 Summary – Release highlights New Features PEP 498: Formatt
ed
string literals PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotat
ion
s PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literals PEP 525: Asynchronous Generators PEP 530: Asynchronous
Com
prehens
ion
s PEP 487: Simpler customizat
ion
of class creat
ion
PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancements PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocol PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguat
ion
PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8 PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8 PEP 520: Preserving Class Attribute Definit
ion
Order PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Order New dict implementat
ion
PEP 523: Adding a frame evaluat
ion
API to CPython PYTHONMALLOC environment variable DTrace and SystemTap probing support Other Language Changes New Modules secrets Improv
ed
Modules array ast asyncio binascii cmath collect
ion
s concurrent.futures contextlib datetime decimal distutils email encodings enum faulthandler fileinput hashlib http.client idlelib and IDLE importlib inspect json logging math multiprocessing os pathlib pdb pickle pickletools pydoc random re readline rl
com
pleter shlex site sqlite3 socket socketserver ssl statistics struct subprocess sys telnetlib time timeit tkinter traceback tracemalloc typing unicod
ed
ata unittest.mock urllib.request urllib.robotparser venv warnings winreg winsound xmlrpc.client zipfile zlib Optimizat
ion
s Build and C API Changes Other Improvements Deprecat
ed
New Keywords Deprecat
ed
Python behavior Deprecat
ed
Python modules, f
unc
t
ion
s and methods asynchat asyncore dbm distutils grp importlib os re ssl tkinter venv Deprecat
ed
f
unc
t
ion
s and types of the C API Deprecat
ed
Build Opt
ion
s Remov
ed
API and Feature Removals Porting to Python 3.6 Changes in ‘python’
Com
mand Behavior Changes in the Python API Changes in the C API CPython bytecode changes Notable changes in Python 3.6.2 New make regen-all build target Removal of make touch build target Notable changes in Python 3.6.5 What’s New In Python 3.5 Summary – Release highlights New Features PEP 492 - Coroutines with async and await syntax PEP 465 - A d
ed
icat
ed
infix operator for matrix multiplicat
ion
PEP 448 - Addit
ion
al Unpacking Generalizat
ion
s PEP 461 - percent formatting support for bytes and bytearray PEP 484 - Type Hints PEP 471 - os.scandir() f
unc
t
ion
– a better and faster directory iterator PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTR PEP 479: Change StopIterat
ion
handling inside generators PEP 485: A f
unc
t
ion
for testing approximate equality PEP 486: Make the Python La
unc
her aware of virtual environments PEP 488: Eliminat
ion
of PYO files PEP 489: Multi-phase extens
ion
module initializat
ion
Other Language Changes New Modules typing zipapp Improv
ed
Modules argparse asyncio bz2 cgi cmath code collect
ion
s collect
ion
s.abc
com
pileall concurrent.futures configparser contextlib csv curses dbm difflib distutils doctest email enum faulthandler f
unc
tools glob gzip heapq http http.client idlelib and IDLE imaplib imghdr importlib inspect io ipaddress json linecache locale logging lzma math multiprocessing operator os pathlib pickle poplib re readline selectors shutil signal smtpd smtplib sndhdr socket ssl Memory BIO Support Applicat
ion
-
Layer
Protocol Negot
iat
ion
Support Other Changes sqlite3 subprocess sys sysconfig tarfile threading time timeit tkinter traceback types unicod
ed
ata unittest unittest.mock urllib wsgiref xmlrpc xml.sax zipfile Other module-level changes Optimizat
ion
s Build and C API Changes Deprecat
ed
New Keywords Deprecat
ed
Python Behavior Unsupport
ed
Operating Systems Deprecat
ed
Python modules, f
unc
t
ion
s and methods Remov
ed
API and Feature Removals Porting to Python 3.5 Changes in Python behavior Changes in the Python API Changes in the C API What’s New In Python 3.4 Summary – Release Highlights New Features PEP 453: Explicit Bootstrapping of PIP in Python Installat
ion
s Bootstrapping pip By Default Documentat
ion
Changes PEP 446: Newly Creat
ed
File Descriptors Are Non-Inheritable Improvements to Codec Handling PEP 451: A ModuleSpec Type for the Import System Other Language Changes New Modules asyncio ensurepip enum pathlib selectors statistics tracemalloc Improv
ed
Modules abc aifc argparse audioop base64 collect
ion
s colorsys contextlib dbm dis doctest email filecmp f
unc
tools gc glob hashlib hmac html http idlelib and IDLE importlib inspect ipaddress logging marshal mmap multiprocessing operator os pdb pickle plistlib poplib pprint pty pydoc re resource select shelve shutil smtpd smtplib socket sqlite3 ssl stat struct subprocess sunau sys tarfile textwrap threading traceback types urllib unittest venv wave weakref xml.etree zipfile CPython Implementat
ion
Changes PEP 445: Customizat
ion
of CPython Memory Allocators PEP 442: Safe Object Finalizat
ion
PEP 456: Secure and Interchangeable Hash Algorithm PEP 436: Argument Clinic Other Build and C API Changes Other Improvements Significant Optimizat
ion
s Deprecat
ed
Deprecat
ion
s in the Python API Deprecat
ed
Features Remov
ed
Operating Systems No Longer Support
ed
API and Feature Removals Code Cleanups Porting to Python 3.4 Changes in ‘python’
Com
mand Behavior Changes in the Python API Changes in the C API Chang
ed
in 3.4.3 PEP 476: Enabling certificate verificat
ion
by default for stdlib http clients What’s New In Python 3.3 Summary – Release highlights PEP 405: Virtual Environments PEP 420: Implicit Namespace Packages PEP 3118: New memoryview implementat
ion
and buffer protocol documentat
ion
Features API changes PEP 393: Flexible String Representat
ion
F
unc
t
ion
ality Performance and resource usage PEP 397: Python La
unc
her for Windows PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO except
ion
hierarchy PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator PEP 409: Suppressing except
ion
context PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literals PEP 3155: Qualifi
ed
name for classes and f
unc
t
ion
s PEP 412: Key-Sharing Dict
ion
ary PEP 362: F
unc
t
ion
Signature Object PEP 421: Adding sys.implementat
ion
SimpleNamespace Using importlib as the Implementat
ion
of Import New APIs Visible Changes Other Language Changes A Finer-Grain
ed
Import Lock Builtin f
unc
t
ion
s and types New Modules faulthandler ipaddress lzma Improv
ed
Modules abc array base64 binascii bz2 codecs collect
ion
s contextlib crypt curses datetime decimal Features API changes email Policy Framework Provis
ion
al Policy with New Header API Other API Changes ftplib f
unc
tools gc hmac http html imaplib inspect io itertools logging math mmap multiprocessing nntplib os pdb pickle pydoc re sch
ed
select shlex shutil signal smtpd smtplib socket socketserver sqlite3 ssl stat struct subprocess sys tarfile tempfile textwrap threading time types unittest urllib webbrowser xml.etree.ElementTree zlib Optimizat
ion
s Build and C API Changes Deprecat
ed
Unsupport
ed
Operating Systems Deprecat
ed
Python modules, f
unc
t
ion
s and methods Deprecat
ed
f
unc
t
ion
s and types of the C API Deprecat
ed
features Porting to Python 3.3 Porting Python code Porting C code Building C extens
ion
s
Com
mand Line Switch Changes What’s New In Python 3.2 PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABI PEP 389: Argparse
Com
mand Line Parsing Module PEP 391: Dict
ion
ary Bas
ed
Configurat
ion
for Logging PEP 3148: The concurrent.futures module PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directories PEP 3149: ABI Vers
ion
Tagg
ed
.so Files PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1 Other Language Changes New, Improv
ed
, and Deprecat
ed
Modules email elementtree f
unc
tools itertools collect
ion
s threading datetime and time math abc io reprlib logging csv contextlib decimal and fract
ion
s ftp popen select gzip and zipfile tarfile hashlib ast os shutil sqlite3 html socket ssl nntp certificates imaplib http.client unittest random poplib asyncore tempfile inspect pydoc dis dbm ctypes site sysconfig pdb configparser urllib.parse mailbox turtl
ed
emo Multi-threading Optimizat
ion
s Unicode Codecs Documentat
ion
IDLE Code Repository Build and C API Changes Porting to Python 3.2 What’s New In Python 3.1 PEP 372: Order
ed
Dict
ion
aries PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator Other Language Changes New, Improv
ed
, and Deprecat
ed
Modules Optimizat
ion
s IDLE Build and C API Changes Porting to Python 3.1 What’s New In Python 3.0
Com
mon Stumbling Blocks Print Is A F
unc
t
ion
Views And Iterators Instead Of Lists Ordering
Com
parisons Integers Text Vs. Data Instead Of Unicode Vs. 8-bit Overview Of Syntax Changes New Syntax Chang
ed
Syntax Remov
ed
Syntax Changes Already Present In Python 2.6
Library
Changes PEP 3101: A New Approach To String Formatting Changes To Except
ion
s Miscellaneous Other Changes Operators And Special Methods Builtins Build and C API Changes Performance Porting To Python 3.0 What’s New in Python 2.7 The Future for Python 2.x Changes to the Handling of Deprecat
ion
Warnings Python 3.1 Features PEP 372: Adding an Order
ed
Dict
ion
ary to collect
ion
s PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing
Com
mand Lines PEP 391: Dict
ion
ary-Bas
ed
Configurat
ion
For Logging PEP 3106: Dict
ion
ary Views PEP 3137: The memoryview Object Other Language Changes Interpreter Changes Optimizat
ion
s New and Improv
ed
Modules New module: importlib New module: sysconfig ttk: Them
ed
Widgets for Tk Updat
ed
module: unittest Updat
ed
module: ElementTree 1.3 Build and C API Changes Capsules Port-Specific Changes: Windows Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD Other Changes and Fixes Porting to Python 2.7 New Features Add
ed
to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releases PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Except
ion
for All Branches PEP 466:
Network
Security Enhancements for Python 2.7 Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.6 Python 3.0 Changes to the Development Process New Issue Tracker: Roundup New Documentat
ion
Format: reStructur
ed
Text Using Sphinx PEP 343: The ‘with’ statement Writing Context Managers The contextlib module PEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main Module PEP 370: Per-user site-packages Directory PEP 371: The multiprocessing Package PEP 3101: Advanc
ed
String Formatting PEP 3105: print As a F
unc
t
ion
PEP 3110: Except
ion
-Handling Changes PEP 3112: Byte Literals PEP 3116: New I/O
Library
PEP 3118: Revis
ed
Buffer Protocol PEP 3119: Abstract Base Classes PEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and Syntax PEP 3129: Class Decorators PEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for Numbers The fract
ion
s Module Other Language Changes Optimizat
ion
s Interpreter Changes New and Improv
ed
Modules The ast module The future_builtins module The json module: JavaScript Object Notat
ion
The plistlib module: A Property-List Parser ctypes Enhancements Improv
ed
SSL Support Deprecat
ion
s and Removals Build and C API Changes Port-Specific Changes: Windows Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X Port-Specific Changes: IRIX Porting to Python 2.6 Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.5 PEP 308: Condit
ion
al Express
ion
s PEP 309: Partial F
unc
t
ion
Applicat
ion
PEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1 PEP 328: Absolute and Relative Imports PEP 338: Executing Modules as Scripts PEP 341: Unifi
ed
try/except/finally PEP 342: New Generator Features PEP 343: The ‘with’ statement Writing Context Managers The contextlib module PEP 352: Except
ion
s as New-Style Classes PEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index type PEP 357: The ‘__index__’ method Other Language Changes Interactive Interpreter Changes Optimizat
ion
s New, Improv
ed
, and Remov
ed
Modules The ctypes package The ElementTree package The hashlib package The sqlite3 package The wsgiref package Build and C API Changes Port-Specific Changes Porting to Python 2.5 Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.4 PEP 218: Built-In Set Objects PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers PEP 289: Generator Express
ion
s PEP 292: Simpler String Substitut
ion
s PEP 318: Decorators for F
unc
t
ion
s and Methods PEP 322: Reverse Iterat
ion
PEP 324: New subprocess Module PEP 327: Decimal Data Type Why is Decimal ne
ed
ed
? The Decimal type The Context type PEP 328: Multi-line Imports PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Convers
ion
s Other Language Changes Optimizat
ion
s New, Improv
ed
, and Deprecat
ed
Modules cookielib doctest Build and C API Changes Port-Specific Changes Porting to Python 2.4 Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.3 PEP 218: A Standard Set Datatype PEP 255: Simple Generators PEP 263: Source Code Encodings PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archives PEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NT PEP 278: Universal Newline Support PEP 279: enumerate() PEP 282: The logging Package PEP 285: A Boolean Type PEP 293: Codec Error Handling Callbacks PEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for Distutils PEP 302: New Import Hooks PEP 305:
Com
ma-separat
ed
Files PEP 307: Pickle Enhancements Extend
ed
Slices Other Language Changes String Changes Optimizat
ion
s New, Improv
ed
, and Deprecat
ed
Modules Date/Time Type The optparse Module Pymalloc: A Specializ
ed
Object Allocator Build and C API Changes Port-Specific Changes Other Changes and Fixes Porting to Python 2.3 Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.2 Introduct
ion
PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changes Old and New Classes Descriptors Multiple Inheritance: The Diamond Rule Attribute Access Relat
ed
Links PEP 234: Iterators PEP 255: Simple Generators PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers PEP 238: Changing the Divis
ion
Operator Unicode Changes PEP 227: Nest
ed
Scopes New and Improv
ed
Modules Interpreter Changes and Fixes Other Changes and Fixes Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.1 Introduct
ion
PEP 227: Nest
ed
Scopes PEP 236: __future__ Directives PEP 207: Rich
Com
parisons PEP 230: Warning Framework PEP 229: New Build System PEP 205: Weak References PEP 232: F
unc
t
ion
Attributes PEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive Platforms PEP 217: Interactive Display Hook PEP 208: New Coerc
ion
Model PEP 241: Metadata in Python Packages New and Improv
ed
Modules Other Changes and Fixes Acknowl
ed
gements What’s New in Python 2.0 Introduct
ion
What About Python 1.6? New Development Process Unicode List
Com
prehens
ion
s Augment
ed
Assignment String Methods Garbage Collect
ion
of Cycles Other Core Changes Minor Language Changes Changes to Built-in F
unc
t
ion
s Porting to 2.0 Extending/Emb
ed
ding Changes Distutils: Making Modules Easy to Install XML Modules SAX2 Support DOM Support Relat
ion
ship to PyXML Module changes New modules IDLE Improvements Delet
ed
and Deprecat
ed
Modules Acknowl
ed
gements Changelog Python 3.6.5 final? Tests Build Python 3.6.5 release candidate 1? Security Core and Builtins
Library
Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows macOS IDLE Tools/Demos C API Python 3.6.4 final? Python 3.6.4 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows macOS IDLE Tools/Demos C API Python 3.6.3 final?
Library
Build Python 3.6.3 release candidate 1? Security Core and Builtins
Library
Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows IDLE Tools/Demos Python 3.6.2 final? Python 3.6.2 release candidate 2? Security Python 3.6.2 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
Security
Library
IDLE C API Build Documentat
ion
Tools/Demos Tests Windows Python 3.6.1 final? Core and Builtins Build Python 3.6.1 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Windows C API Documentat
ion
Tests Build Python 3.6.0 final? Python 3.6.0 release candidate 2? Core and Builtins Tools/Demos Windows Build Python 3.6.0 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
C API Documentat
ion
Tools/Demos Python 3.6.0 beta 4? Core and Builtins
Library
Documentat
ion
Tests Build Python 3.6.0 beta 3? Core and Builtins
Library
Windows Build Tests Python 3.6.0 beta 2? Core and Builtins
Library
Windows C API Build Tests Python 3.6.0 beta 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE C API Tests Build Tools/Demos Windows Python 3.6.0 alpha 4? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Tests Windows Build Python 3.6.0 alpha 3? Core and Builtins
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
IDLE C API Build Tools/Demos Documentat
ion
Tests Python 3.6.0 alpha 2? Core and Builtins
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
IDLE Documentat
ion
Tests Windows Build Windows C API Tools/Demos Python 3.6.0 alpha 1? Core and Builtins
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
IDLE Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows Tools/Demos C API Python 3.5.3 final? Python 3.5.3 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
IDLE C API Documentat
ion
Tests Tools/Demos Windows Build Python 3.5.2 final? Core and Builtins Tests IDLE Python 3.5.2 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins Security
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
Security
Library
IDLE Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows Tools/Demos Windows Python 3.5.1 final? Core and Builtins Windows Python 3.5.1 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Documentat
ion
Tests Build Windows Tools/Demos Python 3.5.0 final? Build Python 3.5.0 release candidate 4?
Library
Build Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3? Core and Builtins
Library
Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2? Core and Builtins
Library
Python 3.5.0 release candidate 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Documentat
ion
Tests Python 3.5.0 beta 4? Core and Builtins
Library
Build Python 3.5.0 beta 3? Core and Builtins
Library
Tests Documentat
ion
Build Python 3.5.0 beta 2? Core and Builtins
Library
Python 3.5.0 beta 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Tests Documentat
ion
Tools/Demos Python 3.5.0 alpha 4? Core and Builtins
Library
Build Tests Tools/Demos C API Python 3.5.0 alpha 3? Core and Builtins
Library
Build Tests Tools/Demos Python 3.5.0 alpha 2? Core and Builtins
Library
Build C API Windows Python 3.5.0 alpha 1? Core and Builtins
Library
IDLE Build C API Documentat
ion
Tests Tools/Demos Windows The Python Tutorial 1. Whetting Your Appetite 2. Using the Python Interpreter 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter 2.1.1. Argument Passing 2.1.2. Interactive Mode 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment 2.2.1. Source Code Encoding 3. An Informal Introduct
ion
to Python 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator 3.1.1. Numbers 3.1.2. Strings 3.1.3. Lists 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming 4. More Control Flow Tools 4.1. if Statements 4.2. for Statements 4.3. The range() F
unc
t
ion
4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops 4.5. pass Statements 4.6. Defining F
unc
t
ion
s 4.7. More on Defining F
unc
t
ion
s 4.7.1. Default Argument Values 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments 4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists 4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists 4.7.5. Lambda Express
ion
s 4.7.6. Documentat
ion
Strings 4.7.7. F
unc
t
ion
Annotat
ion
s 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style 5. Data Structures 5.1. More on Lists 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues 5.1.3. List
Com
prehens
ion
s 5.1.4. Nest
ed
List
Com
prehens
ion
s 5.2. The del statement 5.3. Tuples and Sequences 5.4. Sets 5.5. Dict
ion
aries 5.6. Looping Techniques 5.7. More on Condit
ion
s 5.8.
Com
paring Sequences and Other Types 6. Modules 6.1. More on Modules 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts 6.1.2. The Module Search Path 6.1.3. “
Com
pil
ed
” Python files 6.2. Standard Modules 6.3. The dir() F
unc
t
ion
6.4. Packages 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package 6.4.2. Intra-package References 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories 7. Input and Output 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting 7.1.1. Old string formatting 7.2. Reading and Writing Files 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects 7.2.2. Saving structur
ed
data with json 8. Errors and Except
ion
s 8.1. Syntax Errors 8.2. Except
ion
s 8.3. Handling Except
ion
s 8.4. Raising Except
ion
s 8.5. User-defin
ed
Except
ion
s 8.6. Defining Clean-up Act
ion
s 8.7. Pr
ed
efin
ed
Clean-up Act
ion
s 9. Classes 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example 9.3. A First Look at Classes 9.3.1. Class Definit
ion
Syntax 9.3.2. Class Objects 9.3.3. Instance Objects 9.3.4. Method Objects 9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables 9.4. Random Remarks 9.5. Inheritance 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance 9.6. Private Variables 9.7. Odds and Ends 9.8. Iterators 9.9. Generators 9.10. Generator Express
ion
s 10. Brief Tour of the Standard
Library
10.1. Operating System Interface 10.2. File Wildcards 10.3.
Com
mand Line Arguments 10.4. Error Output R
ed
irect
ion
and Program Terminat
ion
10.5. String Pattern Matching 10.6. Mathematics 10.7. Internet Access 10.8. Dates and Times 10.9. Data
Com
press
ion
10.10. Performance Measurement 10.11. Quality Control 10.12. Batteries Includ
ed
11. Brief Tour of the Standard
Library
— Part II 11.1. Output Formatting 11.2. Templating 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts 11.4. Multi-threading 11.5. Logging 11.6. Weak References 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic 12. Virtual Environments and Packages 12.1. Introduct
ion
12.2. Creating Virtual Environments 12.3. Managing Packages with pip 13. What Now? 14. Interactive Input
Ed
iting and History Substitut
ion
14.1. Tab
Com
plet
ion
and History
Ed
iting 14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter 15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitat
ion
s 15.1. Representat
ion
Error 16. Appendix 16.1. Interactive Mode 16.1.1. Error Handling 16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts 16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File 16.1.4. The Customizat
ion
Modules Python Setup and Usage 1.
Com
mand line and environment 1.1.
Com
mand line 1.1.1. Interface opt
ion
s 1.1.2. Generic opt
ion
s 1.1.3. Miscellaneous opt
ion
s 1.1.4. Opt
ion
s you shouldn’t use 1.2. Environment variables 1.2.1. Debug-mode variables 2. Using Python on Unix platforms 2.1. Getting and installing the latest vers
ion
of Python 2.1.1. On Linux 2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD 2.1.3. On OpenSolaris 2.2. Building Python 2.3. Python-relat
ed
paths and files 2.4. Miscellaneous 2.5.
Ed
itors and IDEs 3. Using Python on Windows 3.1. Installing Python 3.1.1. Support
ed
Vers
ion
s 3.1.2. Installat
ion
Steps 3.1.3. Removing the MAX_PATH Limitat
ion
3.1.4. Installing Without UI 3.1.5. Installing Without Down
load
ing 3.1.6. Modifying an install 3.1.7. Other Platforms 3.2. Alternative bundles 3.3. Configuring Python 3.3.1. Excursus: Setting environment variables 3.3.2. Finding the Python executable 3.4. Python La
unc
her for Windows 3.4.1. Getting start
ed
3.4.1.1. From the
com
mand-line 3.4.1.2. Virtual environments 3.4.1.3. From a script 3.4.1.4. From file assoc
iat
ion
s 3.4.2. Shebang Lines 3.4.3. Arguments in shebang lines 3.4.4. Customizat
ion
3.4.4.1. Customizat
ion
via INI files 3.4.4.2. Customizing default Python vers
ion
s 3.4.5. Diagnostics 3.5. Finding modules 3.6. Addit
ion
al modules 3.6.1. PyWin32 3.6.2. cx_Freeze 3.6.3. WConio 3.7.
Com
piling Python on Windows 3.8. Emb
ed
d
ed
Distribut
ion
3.8.1. Python Applicat
ion
3.8.2. Emb
ed
ding Python 3.9. Other resources 4. Using Python on a Macintosh 4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython 4.1.1. How to run a Python script 4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI 4.1.3. Configurat
ion
4.2. The IDE 4.3. Installing Addit
ion
al Python Packages 4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac 4.5. Distributing Python Applicat
ion
s on the Mac 4.6. Other Resources The Python Language Reference 1. Introduct
ion
1.1. Alternate Implementat
ion
s 1.2. Notat
ion
2. Lexical analysis 2.1. Line structure 2.1.1. Logical lines 2.1.2. Physical lines 2.1.3.
Com
ments 2.1.4. Encoding declarat
ion
s 2.1.5. Explicit line joining 2.1.6. Implicit line joining 2.1.7. Blank lines 2.1.8. Indentat
ion
2.1.9. Whitespace between tokens 2.2. Other tokens 2.3. Identifiers and keywords 2.3.1. Keywords 2.3.2. Reserv
ed
classes of identifiers 2.4. Literals 2.4.1. String and Bytes literals 2.4.2. String literal concatenat
ion
2.4.3. Formatt
ed
string literals 2.4.4. Numeric literals 2.4.5. Integer literals 2.4.6. Floating point literals 2.4.7. Imaginary literals 2.5. Operators 2.6. Delimiters 3. Data model 3.1. Objects, values and types 3.2. The standard type hierarchy 3.3. Special method names 3.3.1. Basic customizat
ion
3.3.2. Customizing attribute access 3.3.2.1. Customizing module attribute access 3.3.2.2. Implementing Descriptors 3.3.2.3. Invoking Descriptors 3.3.2.4. __slots__ 3.3.2.4.1. Notes on using __slots__ 3.3.3. Customizing class creat
ion
3.3.3.1. Metaclasses 3.3.3.2. Determining the appropr
iat
e metaclass 3.3.3.3. Preparing the class namespace 3.3.3.4. Executing the class body 3.3.3.5. Creating the class object 3.3.3.6. Metaclass example 3.3.4. Customizing instance and subclass checks 3.3.5. Emulating callable objects 3.3.6. Emulating container types 3.3.7. Emulating numeric types 3.3.8. With Statement Context Managers 3.3.9. Special method lookup 3.4. Coroutines 3.4.1. Awaitable Objects 3.4.2. Coroutine Objects 3.4.3. Asynchronous Iterators 3.4.4. Asynchronous Context Managers 4. Execut
ion
model 4.1. Structure of a program 4.2. Naming and binding 4.2.1. Binding of names 4.2.2. Resolut
ion
of names 4.2.3. Builtins and restrict
ed
execut
ion
4.2.4. Interact
ion
with dynamic features 4.3. Except
ion
s 5. The import system 5.1. importlib 5.2. Packages 5.2.1. Regular packages 5.2.2. Namespace packages 5.3. Searching 5.3.1. The module cache 5.3.2. Finders and
load
ers 5.3.3. Import hooks 5.3.4. The meta path 5.4.
Load
ing 5.4.1.
Load
ers 5.4.2. Submodules 5.4.3. Module spec 5.4.4. Import-relat
ed
module attributes 5.4.5. module.__path__ 5.4.6. Module reprs 5.5. The Path Bas
ed
Finder 5.5.1. Path entry finders 5.5.2. Path entry finder protocol 5.6. Replacing the standard import system 5.7. Special considerat
ion
s for __main__ 5.7.1. __main__.__spec__ 5.8. Open issues 5.9. References 6. Express
ion
s 6.1. Arithmetic convers
ion
s 6.2. Atoms 6.2.1. Identifiers (Names) 6.2.2. Literals 6.2.3. Parenthesiz
ed
forms 6.2.4. Displays for lists, sets and dict
ion
aries 6.2.5. List displays 6.2.6. Set displays 6.2.7. Dict
ion
ary displays 6.2.8. Generator express
ion
s 6.2.9. Yield express
ion
s 6.2.9.1. Generator-iterator methods 6.2.9.2. Examples 6.2.9.3. Asynchronous generator f
unc
t
ion
s 6.2.9.4. Asynchronous generator-iterator methods 6.3. Primaries 6.3.1. Attribute references 6.3.2. Subscript
ion
s 6.3.3. Slicings 6.3.4. Calls 6.4. Await express
ion
6.5. The power operator 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operat
ion
s 6.7. Binary arithmetic operat
ion
s 6.8. Shifting operat
ion
s 6.9. Binary bitwise operat
ion
s 6.10.
Com
parisons 6.10.1. Value
com
parisons 6.10.2. Membership test operat
ion
s 6.10.3. Identity
com
parisons 6.11. Boolean operat
ion
s 6.12. Condit
ion
al express
ion
s 6.13. Lambdas 6.14. Express
ion
lists 6.15. Evaluat
ion
order 6.16. Operator prec
ed
ence 7. Simple statements 7.1. Express
ion
statements 7.2. Assignment statements 7.2.1. Augment
ed
assignment statements 7.2.2. Annotat
ed
assignment statements 7.3. The assert statement 7.4. The pass statement 7.5. The del statement 7.6. The return statement 7.7. The yield statement 7.8. The raise statement 7.9. The break statement 7.10. The continue statement 7.11. The import statement 7.11.1. Future statements 7.12. The global statement 7.13. The nonlocal statement 8.
Com
pound statements 8.1. The if statement 8.2. The while statement 8.3. The for statement 8.4. The try statement 8.5. The with statement 8.6. F
unc
t
ion
definit
ion
s 8.7. Class definit
ion
s 8.8. Coroutines 8.8.1. Coroutine f
unc
t
ion
definit
ion
8.8.2. The async for statement 8.8.3. The async with statement 9. Top-level
com
ponents 9.1.
Com
plete Python programs 9.2. File input 9.3. Interactive input 9.4. Express
ion
input 10. Full Grammar specificat
ion
The Python Standard
Library
1. Introduct
ion
2. Built-in F
unc
t
ion
s 3. Built-in Constants 3.1. Constants add
ed
by the site module 4. Built-in Types 4.1. Truth Value Testing 4.2. Boolean Operat
ion
s — and, or, not 4.3.
Com
parisons 4.4. Numeric Types — int, float,
com
plex 4.4.1. Bitwise Operat
ion
s on Integer Types 4.4.2. Addit
ion
al Methods on Integer Types 4.4.3. Addit
ion
al Methods on Float 4.4.4. Hashing of numeric types 4.5. Iterator Types 4.5.1. Generator Types 4.6. Sequence Types — list, tuple, range 4.6.1.
Com
mon Sequence Operat
ion
s 4.6.2. Immutable Sequence Types 4.6.3. Mutable Sequence Types 4.6.4. Lists 4.6.5. Tuples 4.6.6. Ranges 4.7. Text Sequence Type — str 4.7.1. String Methods 4.7.2. printf-style String Formatting 4.8. Binary Sequence Types — bytes, bytearray, memoryview 4.8.1. Bytes Objects 4.8.2. Bytearray Objects 4.8.3. Bytes and Bytearray Operat
ion
s 4.8.4. printf-style Bytes Formatting 4.8.5. Memory Views 4.9. Set Types — set, frozenset 4.10. Mapping Types — dict 4.10.1. Dict
ion
ary view objects 4.11. Context Manager Types 4.12. Other Built-in Types 4.12.1. Modules 4.12.2. Classes and Class Instances 4.12.3. F
unc
t
ion
s 4.12.4. Methods 4.12.5. Code Objects 4.12.6. Type Objects 4.12.7. The Null Object 4.12.8. The Ellipsis Object 4.12.9. The NotImplement
ed
Object 4.12.10. Boolean Values 4.12.11. Internal Objects 4.13. Special Attributes 5. Built-in Except
ion
s 5.1. Base classes 5.2. Concrete except
ion
s 5.2.1. OS except
ion
s 5.3. Warnings 5.4. Except
ion
hierarchy 6. Text Processing Services 6.1. string —
Com
mon string operat
ion
s 6.1.1. String constants 6.1.2. Custom String Formatting 6.1.3. Format String Syntax 6.1.3.1. Format Specificat
ion
Mini-Language 6.1.3.2. Format examples 6.1.4. Template strings 6.1.5. Helper f
unc
t
ion
s 6.2. re — Regular express
ion
operat
ion
s 6.2.1. Regular Express
ion
Syntax 6.2.2. Module Contents 6.2.3. Regular Express
ion
Objects 6.2.4. Match Objects 6.2.5. Regular Express
ion
Examples 6.2.5.1. Checking for a Pair 6.2.5.2. Simulating scanf() 6.2.5.3. search() vs. match() 6.2.5.4. Making a Phonebook 6.2.5.5. Text Munging 6.2.5.6. Finding all Adverbs 6.2.5.7. Finding all Adverbs and their Posit
ion
s 6.2.5.8. Raw String Notat
ion
6.2.5.9. Writing a Tokenizer 6.3. difflib — Helpers for
com
puting deltas 6.3.1. SequenceMatcher Objects 6.3.2. SequenceMatcher Examples 6.3.3. Differ Objects 6.3.4. Differ Example 6.3.5. A
com
mand-line interface to difflib 6.4. textwrap — Text wrapping and filling 6.5. unicod
ed
ata — Unicode Database 6.6. stringprep — Internet String Preparat
ion
6.7. readline — GNU readline interface 6.7.1. Init file 6.7.2. Line buffer 6.7.3. History file 6.7.4. History list 6.7.5. Startup hooks 6.7.6.
Com
plet
ion
6.7.7. Example 6.8. rl
com
pleter —
Com
plet
ion
f
unc
t
ion
for GNU readline 6.8.1.
Com
pleter Objects 7. Binary Data Services 7.1. struct — Interpret bytes as pack
ed
binary data 7.1.1. F
unc
t
ion
s and Except
ion
s 7.1.2. Format Strings 7.1.2.1. Byte Order, Size, and Alignment 7.1.2.2. Format Characters 7.1.2.3. Examples 7.1.3. Classes 7.2. codecs — Codec registry and base classes 7.2.1. Codec Base Classes 7.2.1.1. Error Handlers 7.2.1.2. Stateless Encoding and Decoding 7.2.1.3. Incremental Encoding and Decoding 7.2.1.3.1. IncrementalEncoder Objects 7.2.1.3.2. IncrementalDecoder Objects 7.2.1.4. Stream Encoding and Decoding 7.2.1.4.1. StreamWriter Objects 7.2.1.4.2. StreamReader Objects 7.2.1.4.3. StreamReaderWriter Objects 7.2.1.4.4. StreamRecoder Objects 7.2.2. Encodings and Unicode 7.2.3. Standard Encodings 7.2.4. Python Specific Encodings 7.2.4.1. Text Encodings 7.2.4.2. Binary Transforms 7.2.4.3. Text Transforms 7.2.5. encodings.idna — Internat
ion
aliz
ed
Domain Names in Applicat
ion
s 7.2.6. encodings.mbcs — Windows ANSI codepage 7.2.7. encodings.utf_8_sig — UTF-8 codec with BOM signature 8. Data Types 8.1. datetime — Basic date and time types 8.1.1. Available Types 8.1.2. tim
ed
elta Objects 8.1.3. date Objects 8.1.4. datetime Objects 8.1.5. time Objects 8.1.6. tzinfo Objects 8.1.7. timezone Objects 8.1.8. strftime() and strptime() Behavior 8.2. calendar — General calendar-relat
ed
f
unc
t
ion
s 8.3. collect
ion
s — Container datatypes 8.3.1. ChainMap objects 8.3.1.1. ChainMap Examples and Recipes 8.3.2. Counter objects 8.3.3. deque objects 8.3.3.1. deque Recipes 8.3.4. defaultdict objects 8.3.4.1. defaultdict Examples 8.3.5. nam
ed
tuple() Factory F
unc
t
ion
for Tuples with Nam
ed
Fields 8.3.6. Order
ed
Dict objects 8.3.6.1. Order
ed
Dict Examples and Recipes 8.3.7. UserDict objects 8.3.8. UserList objects 8.3.9. UserString objects 8.4. collect
ion
s.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers 8.4.1. Collect
ion
s Abstract Base Classes 8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm 8.5.1. Basic Examples 8.5.2. Priority Queue Implementat
ion
Notes 8.5.3. Theory 8.6. bisect — Array bisect
ion
algorithm 8.6.1. Searching Sort
ed
Lists 8.6.2. Other Examples 8.7. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values 8.8. weakref — Weak references 8.8.1. Weak Reference Objects 8.8.2. Example 8.8.3. Finalizer Objects 8.8.4.
Com
paring finalizers with __del__() methods 8.9. types — Dynamic type creat
ion
and names for built-in types 8.9.1. Dynamic Type Creat
ion
8.9.2. Standard Interpreter Types 8.9.3. Addit
ion
al Utility Classes and F
unc
t
ion
s 8.9.4. Coroutine Utility F
unc
t
ion
s 8.10. copy — Shallow and deep copy operat
ion
s 8.11. pprint — Data pretty printer 8.11.1. PrettyPrinter Objects 8.11.2. Example 8.12. reprlib — Alternate repr() implementat
ion
8.12.1. Repr Objects 8.12.2. Subclassing Repr Objects 8.13. enum — Support for enumerat
ion
s 8.13.1. Module Contents 8.13.2. Creating an Enum 8.13.3. Programmatic access to enumerat
ion
members and their attributes 8.13.4. Duplicating enum members and values 8.13.5. Ensuring unique enumerat
ion
values 8.13.6. Using automatic values 8.13.7. Iterat
ion
8.13.8.
Com
parisons 8.13.9. Allow
ed
members and attributes of enumerat
ion
s 8.13.10. Restrict
ed
subclassing of enumerat
ion
s 8.13.11. Pickling 8.13.12. F
unc
t
ion
al API 8.13.13. Deriv
ed
Enumerat
ion
s 8.13.13.1. IntEnum 8.13.13.2. IntFlag 8.13.13.3. Flag 8.13.13.4. Others 8.13.14. Interesting examples 8.13.14.1. Omitting values 8.13.14.1.1. Using auto 8.13.14.1.2. Using object 8.13.14.1.3. Using a descriptive string 8.13.14.1.4. Using a custom __new__() 8.13.14.2. Order
ed
Enum 8.13.14.3. DuplicateFreeEnum 8.13.14.4. Planet 8.13.15. How are Enums different? 8.13.15.1. Enum Classes 8.13.15.2. Enum Members (aka instances) 8.13.15.3. Finer Points 8.13.15.3.1. Support
ed
__dunder__ names 8.13.15.3.2. Support
ed
_sunder_ names 8.13.15.3.3. Enum member type 8.13.15.3.4. Boolean value of Enum classes and members 8.13.15.3.5. Enum classes with methods 8.13.15.3.6.
Com
bining members of Flag 9. Numeric and Mathematical Modules 9.1. numbers — Numeric abstract base classes 9.1.1. The numeric tower 9.1.2. Notes for type implementors 9.1.2.1. Adding More Numeric ABCs 9.1.2.2. Implementing the arithmetic operat
ion
s 9.2. math — Mathematical f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.1. Number-theoretic and representat
ion
f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.2. Power and logarithmic f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.3. Trigonometric f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.4. Angular convers
ion
9.2.5. Hyperbolic f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.6. Special f
unc
t
ion
s 9.2.7. Constants 9.3. cmath — Mathematical f
unc
t
ion
s for
com
plex numbers 9.3.1. Convers
ion
s to and from polar coordinates 9.3.2. Power and logarithmic f
unc
t
ion
s 9.3.3. Trigonometric f
unc
t
ion
s 9.3.4. Hyperbolic f
unc
t
ion
s 9.3.5. Classificat
ion
f
unc
t
ion
s 9.3.6. Constants 9.4. decimal — Decimal fix
ed
point and floating point arithmetic 9.4.1. Quick-start Tutorial 9.4.2. Decimal objects 9.4.2.1. Logical operands 9.4.3. Context objects 9.4.4. Constants 9.4.5. Rounding modes 9.4.6. Signals 9.4.7. Floating Point Notes 9.4.7.1. Mitigating round-off error with increas
ed
precis
ion
9.4.7.2. Special values 9.4.8. Working with threads 9.4.9. Recipes 9.4.10. Decimal FAQ 9.5. fract
ion
s — Rat
ion
al numbers 9.6. random — Generate pseudo-random numbers 9.6.1. Bookkeeping f
unc
t
ion
s 9.6.2. F
unc
t
ion
s for integers 9.6.3. F
unc
t
ion
s for sequences 9.6.4. Real-valu
ed
distribut
ion
s 9.6.5. Alternative Generator 9.6.6. Notes on Reproducibility 9.6.7. Examples and Recipes 9.7. statistics — Mathematical statistics f
unc
t
ion
s 9.7.1. Averages and measures of central locat
ion
9.7.2. Measures of spread 9.7.3. F
unc
t
ion
details 9.7.4. Except
ion
s 10. F
unc
t
ion
al Programming Modules 10.1. itertools — F
unc
t
ion
s creating iterators for efficient looping 10.1.1. Itertool f
unc
t
ion
s 10.1.2. Itertools Recipes 10.2. f
unc
tools — Higher-order f
unc
t
ion
s and operat
ion
s on callable objects 10.2.1. partial Objects 10.3. operator — Standard operators as f
unc
t
ion
s 10.3.1. Mapping Operators to F
unc
t
ion
s 10.3.2. Inplace Operators 11. File and Directory Access 11.1. pathlib — Object-orient
ed
filesystem paths 11.1.1. Basic use 11.1.2. Pure paths 11.1.2.1. General properties 11.1.2.2. Operators 11.1.2.3. Accessing individual parts 11.1.2.4. Methods and properties 11.1.3. Concrete paths 11.1.3.1. Methods 11.2. os.path —
Com
mon pathname manipulat
ion
s 11.3. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams 11.4. stat — Interpreting stat() results 11.5. filecmp — File and Directory
Com
parisons 11.5.1. The dircmp class 11.6. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories 11.6.1. Examples 11.6.2. Deprecat
ed
f
unc
t
ion
s and variables 11.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expans
ion
11.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching 11.9. linecache — Random access to text lines 11.10. shutil — High-level file operat
ion
s 11.10.1. Directory and files operat
ion
s 11.10.1.1. copytree example 11.10.1.2. rmtree example 11.10.2. Archiving operat
ion
s 11.10.2.1. Archiving example 11.10.3. Querying the size of the output terminal 11.11. macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulat
ion
f
unc
t
ion
s 12. Data Persistence 12.1. pickle — Python object serializat
ion
12.1.1. Relat
ion
ship to other Python modules 12.1.1.1.
Com
parison with marshal 12.1.1.2.
Com
parison with json 12.1.2. Data stream format 12.1.3. Module Interface 12.1.4. What can be pickl
ed
and unpickl
ed
? 12.1.5. Pickling Class Instances 12.1.5.1. Persistence of External Objects 12.1.5.2. Dispatch Tables 12.1.5.3. Handling Stateful Objects 12.1.6. Restricting Globals 12.1.7. Performance 12.1.8. Examples 12.2. copyreg — Register pickle support f
unc
t
ion
s 12.2.1. Example 12.3. shelve — Python object persistence 12.3.1. Restrict
ion
s 12.3.2. Example 12.4. marshal — Internal Python object serializat
ion
12.5. dbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases” 12.5.1. dbm.gnu — GNU’s reinterpretat
ion
of dbm 12.5.2. dbm.ndbm — Interface bas
ed
on ndbm 12.5.3. dbm.dumb — Portable DBM implementat
ion
12.6. sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases 12.6.1. Module f
unc
t
ion
s and constants 12.6.2. Connect
ion
Objects 12.6.3. Cursor Objects 12.6.4. Row Objects 12.6.5. Except
ion
s 12.6.6. SQLite and Python types 12.6.6.1. Introduct
ion
12.6.6.2. Using adapters to store addit
ion
al Python types in SQLite databases 12.6.6.2.1. Letting your object adapt itself 12.6.6.2.2. Registering an adapter callable 12.6.6.3. Converting SQLite values to custom Python types 12.6.6.4. Default adapters and converters 12.6.7. Controlling Transact
ion
s 12.6.8. Using sqlite3 efficiently 12.6.8.1. Using shortcut methods 12.6.8.2. Accessing columns by name instead of by index 12.6.8.3. Using the connect
ion
as a context manager 12.6.9.
Com
mon issues 12.6.9.1. Multithreading 13. Data
Com
press
ion
and Archiving 13.1. zlib —
Com
press
ion
com
patible with gzip 13.2. gzip — Support for gzip files 13.2.1. Examples of usage 13.3. bz2 — Support for bzip2
com
press
ion
13.3.1. (De)
com
press
ion
of files 13.3.2. Incremental (de)
com
press
ion
13.3.3. One-shot (de)
com
press
ion
13.4. lzma —
Com
press
ion
using the LZMA algorithm 13.4.1. Reading and writing
com
press
ed
files 13.4.2.
Com
pressing and de
com
pressing data in memory 13.4.3. Miscellaneous 13.4.4. Specifying custom filter chains 13.4.5. Examples 13.5. zipfile — Work with ZIP archives 13.5.1. ZipFile Objects 13.5.2. PyZipFile Objects 13.5.3. ZipInfo Objects 13.5.4.
Com
mand-Line Interface 13.5.4.1.
Com
mand-line opt
ion
s 13.6. tarfile — Read and write tar archive files 13.6.1. TarFile Objects 13.6.2. TarInfo Objects 13.6.3.
Com
mand-Line Interface 13.6.3.1.
Com
mand-line opt
ion
s 13.6.4. Examples 13.6.5. Support
ed
tar formats 13.6.6. Unicode issues 14. File Formats 14.1. csv — CSV File Reading and Writing 14.1.1. Module Contents 14.1.2. Dialects and Formatting Parameters 14.1.3. Reader Objects 14.1.4. Writer Objects 14.1.5. Examples 14.2. configparser — Configurat
ion
file parser 14.2.1. Quick Start 14.2.2. Support
ed
Datatypes 14.2.3. Fallback Values 14.2.4. Support
ed
INI File Structure 14.2.5. Interpolat
ion
of values 14.2.6. Mapping Protocol Access 14.2.7. Customizing Parser Behaviour 14.2.8. Legacy API Examples 14.2.9. ConfigParser Objects 14.2.10. RawConfigParser Objects 14.2.11. Except
ion
s 14.3. netrc — netrc file processing 14.3.1. netrc Objects 14.4. xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data 14.4.1. Packer Objects 14.4.2. Unpacker Objects 14.4.3. Except
ion
s 14.5. plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files 14.5.1. Examples 15. Cryptographic Services 15.1. hashlib — Secure hashes and message digests 15.1.1. Hash algorithms 15.1.2. SHAKE variable length digests 15.1.3. Key derivat
ion
15.1.4. BLAKE2 15.1.4.1. Creating hash objects 15.1.4.2. Constants 15.1.4.3. Examples 15.1.4.3.1. Simple hashing 15.1.4.3.2. Using different digest sizes 15.1.4.3.3. Key
ed
hashing 15.1.4.3.4. Randomiz
ed
hashing 15.1.4.3.5. Personalizat
ion
15.1.4.3.6. Tree mode 15.1.4.4. Cr
ed
its 15.2. hmac — Key
ed
-Hashing for Message Authenticat
ion
15.3. secrets — Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets 15.3.1. Random numbers 15.3.2. Generating tokens 15.3.2.1. How many bytes should tokens use? 15.3.3. Other f
unc
t
ion
s 15.3.4. Recipes and best practices 16. Generic Operating System Services 16.1. os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces 16.1.1. File Names,
Com
mand Line Arguments, and Environment Variables 16.1.2. Process Parameters 16.1.3. File Object Creat
ion
16.1.4. File Descriptor Operat
ion
s 16.1.4.1. Querying the size of a terminal 16.1.4.2. Inheritance of File Descriptors 16.1.5. Files and Directories 16.1.5.1. Linux extend
ed
attributes 16.1.6. Process Management 16.1.7. Interface to the sch
ed
uler 16.1.8. Miscellaneous System Informat
ion
16.1.9. Random numbers 16.2. io — Core tools for working with streams 16.2.1. Overview 16.2.1.1. Text I/O 16.2.1.2. Binary I/O 16.2.1.3. Raw I/O 16.2.2. High-level Module Interface 16.2.2.1. In-memory streams 16.2.3. Class hierarchy 16.2.3.1. I/O Base Classes 16.2.3.2. Raw File I/O 16.2.3.3. Buffer
ed
Streams 16.2.3.4. Text I/O 16.2.4. Performance 16.2.4.1. Binary I/O 16.2.4.2. Text I/O 16.2.4.3. Multi-threading 16.2.4.4. Reentrancy 16.3. time — Time access and convers
ion
s 16.3.1. F
unc
t
ion
s 16.3.2. Clock ID Constants 16.3.3. Timezone Constants 16.4. argparse — Parser for
com
mand-line opt
ion
s, arguments and sub-
com
mands 16.4.1. Example 16.4.1.1. Creating a parser 16.4.1.2. Adding arguments 16.4.1.3. Parsing arguments 16.4.2. ArgumentParser objects 16.4.2.1. prog 16.4.2.2. usage 16.4.2.3. descript
ion
16.4.2.4. epilog 16.4.2.5. parents 16.4.2.6. formatter_class 16.4.2.7. prefix_chars 16.4.2.8. fromfile_prefix_chars 16.4.2.9. argument_default 16.4.2.10. allow_abbrev 16.4.2.11. conflict_handler 16.4.2.12. add_help 16.4.3. The add_argument() method 16.4.3.1. name or flags 16.4.3.2. act
ion
16.4.3.3. nargs 16.4.3.4. const 16.4.3.5. default 16.4.3.6. type 16.4.3.7. choices 16.4.3.8. requir
ed
16.4.3.9. help 16.4.3.10. metavar 16.4.3.11. dest 16.4.3.12. Act
ion
classes 16.4.4. The parse_args() method 16.4.4.1. Opt
ion
value syntax 16.4.4.2. Invalid arguments 16.4.4.3. Arguments containing - 16.4.4.4. Argument abbrev
iat
ion
s (prefix matching) 16.4.4.5. Beyond sys.argv 16.4.4.6. The Namespace object 16.4.5. Other utilities 16.4.5.1. Sub-
com
mands 16.4.5.2. FileType objects 16.4.5.3. Argument groups 16.4.5.4. Mutual exclus
ion
16.4.5.5. Parser defaults 16.4.5.6. Printing help 16.4.5.7. Partial parsing 16.4.5.8. Customizing file parsing 16.4.5.9. Exiting methods 16.4.6. Upgrading optparse code 16.5. getopt — C-style parser for
com
mand line opt
ion
s 16.6. logging — Logging facility for Python 16.6.1. Logger Objects 16.6.2. Logging Levels 16.6.3. Handler Objects 16.6.4. Formatter Objects 16.6.5. Filter Objects 16.6.6. LogRecord Objects 16.6.7. LogRecord attributes 16.6.8. LoggerAdapter Objects 16.6.9. Thread Safety 16.6.10. Module-Level F
unc
t
ion
s 16.6.11. Module-Level Attributes 16.6.12. Integrat
ion
with the warnings module 16.7. logging.config — Logging configurat
ion
16.7.1. Configurat
ion
f
unc
t
ion
s 16.7.2. Configurat
ion
dict
ion
ary schema 16.7.2.1. Dict
ion
ary Schema Details 16.7.2.2. Incremental Configurat
ion
16.7.2.3. Object connect
ion
s 16.7.2.4. User-defin
ed
objects 16.7.2.5. Access to external objects 16.7.2.6. Access to internal objects 16.7.2.7. Import resolut
ion
and custom importers 16.7.3. Configurat
ion
file format 16.8. logging.handlers — Logging handlers 16.8.1. StreamHandler 16.8.2. FileHandler 16.8.3. NullHandler 16.8.4. Watch
ed
FileHandler 16.8.5. BaseRotatingHandler 16.8.6. RotatingFileHandler 16.8.7. Tim
ed
RotatingFileHandler 16.8.8. SocketHandler 16.8.9. DatagramHandler 16.8.10. SysLogHandler 16.8.11. NTEventLogHandler 16.8.12. SMTPHandler 16.8.13. MemoryHandler 16.8.14. HTTPHandler 16.8.15. QueueHandler 16.8.16. QueueListener 16.9. getpass — Portable password input 16.10. curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays 16.10.1. F
unc
t
ion
s 16.10.2. Window Objects 16.10.3. Constants 16.11. curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs 16.11.1. Textbox objects 16.12. curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters 16.13. curses.panel — A panel stack extens
ion
for curses 16.13.1. F
unc
t
ion
s 16.13.2. Panel Objects 16.14. platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data 16.14.1. Cross Platform 16.14.2. Java Platform 16.14.3. Windows Platform 16.14.3.1. Win95/98 specific 16.14.4. Mac OS Platform 16.14.5. Unix Platforms 16.15. errno — Standard errno system symbols 16.16. ctypes — A foreign f
unc
t
ion
library
for Python 16.16.1. ctypes tutorial 16.16.1.1.
Load
ing dynamic link libraries 16.16.1.2. Accessing f
unc
t
ion
s from
load
ed
dlls 16.16.1.3. Calling f
unc
t
ion
s 16.16.1.4. Fundamental data types 16.16.1.5. Calling f
unc
t
ion
s, continu
ed
16.16.1.6. Calling f
unc
t
ion
s with your own custom data types 16.16.1.7. Specifying the requir
ed
argument types (f
unc
t
ion
prototypes) 16.16.1.8. Return types 16.16.1.9. Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference) 16.16.1.10. Structures and un
ion
s 16.16.1.11. Structure/un
ion
alignment and byte order 16.16.1.12. Bit fields in structures and un
ion
s 16.16.1.13. Arrays 16.16.1.14. Pointers 16.16.1.15. Type convers
ion
s 16.16.1.16. In
com
plete Types 16.16.1.17. Callback f
unc
t
ion
s 16.16.1.18. Accessing values export
ed
from dlls 16.16.1.19. Surprises 16.16.1.20. Variable-siz
ed
data types 16.16.2. ctypes reference 16.16.2.1. Finding shar
ed
libraries 16.16.2.2.
Load
ing shar
ed
libraries 16.16.2.3. Foreign f
unc
t
ion
s 16.16.2.4. F
unc
t
ion
prototypes 16.16.2.5. Utility f
unc
t
ion
s 16.16.2.6. Data types 16.16.2.7. Fundamental data types 16.16.2.8. Structur
ed
data types 16.16.2.9. Arrays and pointers 17. Concurrent Execut
ion
17.1. threading — Thread-bas
ed
parallelism 17.1.1. Thread-Local Data 17.1.2. Thread Objects 17.1.3. Lock Objects 17.1.4. RLock Objects 17.1.5. Condit
ion
Objects 17.1.6. Semaphore Objects 17.1.6.1. Semaphore Example 17.1.7. Event Objects 17.1.8. Timer Objects 17.1.9. Barrier Objects 17.1.10. Using locks, condit
ion
s, and semaphores in the with statement 17.2. multiprocessing — Process-bas
ed
parallelism 17.2.1. Introduct
ion
17.2.1.1. The Process class 17.2.1.2. Contexts and start methods 17.2.1.3. Exchanging objects between processes 17.2.1.4. Synchronizat
ion
between processes 17.2.1.5. Sharing state between processes 17.2.1.6. Using a pool of workers 17.2.2. Reference 17.2.2.1. Process and except
ion
s 17.2.2.2. Pipes and Queues 17.2.2.3. Miscellaneous 17.2.2.4. Connect
ion
Objects 17.2.2.5. Synchronizat
ion
primitives 17.2.2.6. Shar
ed
ctypes Objects 17.2.2.6.1. The multiprocessing.shar
ed
ctypes module 17.2.2.7. Managers 17.2.2.7.1. Customiz
ed
managers 17.2.2.7.2. Using a remote manager 17.2.2.8. Proxy Objects 17.2.2.8.1. Cleanup 17.2.2.9. Process Pools 17.2.2.10. Listeners and Clients 17.2.2.10.1. Address Formats 17.2.2.11. Authenticat
ion
keys 17.2.2.12. Logging 17.2.2.13. The multiprocessing.dummy module 17.2.3. Programming guidelines 17.2.3.1. All start methods 17.2.3.2. The spawn and forkserver start methods 17.2.4. Examples 17.3. The concurrent package 17.4. concurrent.futures — La
unc
hing parallel tasks 17.4.1. Executor Objects 17.4.2. ThreadPoolExecutor 17.4.2.1. ThreadPoolExecutor Example 17.4.3. ProcessPoolExecutor 17.4.3.1. ProcessPoolExecutor Example 17.4.4. Future Objects 17.4.5. Module F
unc
t
ion
s 17.4.6. Except
ion
classes 17.5. subprocess — Subprocess management 17.5.1. Using the subprocess Module 17.5.1.1. Frequently Us
ed
Arguments 17.5.1.2. Popen Constructor 17.5.1.3. Except
ion
s 17.5.2. Security Considerat
ion
s 17.5.3. Popen Objects 17.5.4. Windows Popen Helpers 17.5.4.1. Constants 17.5.5. Older high-level API 17.5.6. Replacing Older F
unc
t
ion
s with the subprocess Module 17.5.6.1. Replacing /bin/sh shell backquote 17.5.6.2. Replacing shell pipeline 17.5.6.3. Replacing os.system() 17.5.6.4. Replacing the os.spawn family 17.5.6.5. Replacing os.popen(), os.popen2(), os.popen3() 17.5.6.6. Replacing f
unc
t
ion
s from the popen2 module 17.5.7. Legacy Shell Invocat
ion
F
unc
t
ion
s 17.5.8. Notes 17.5.8.1. Converting an argument sequence to a string on Windows 17.6. sch
ed
— Event sch
ed
uler 17.6.1. Sch
ed
uler Objects 17.7. queue — A synchroniz
ed
queue class 17.7.1. Queue Objects 17.8. dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module 17.9. _thread — Low-level threading API 17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module 18. Interprocess
Com
municat
ion
and
Network
ing 18.1. socket — Low-level
network
ing interface 18.1.1. Socket families 18.1.2. Module contents 18.1.2.1. Except
ion
s 18.1.2.2. Constants 18.1.2.3. F
unc
t
ion
s 18.1.2.3.1. Creating sockets 18.1.2.3.2. Other f
unc
t
ion
s 18.1.3. Socket Objects 18.1.4. Notes on socket timeouts 18.1.4.1. Timeouts and the connect method 18.1.4.2. Timeouts and the accept method 18.1.5. Example 18.2. ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects 18.2.1. F
unc
t
ion
s, Constants, and Except
ion
s 18.2.1.1. Socket creat
ion
18.2.1.2. Context creat
ion
18.2.1.3. Random generat
ion
18.2.1.4. Certificate handling 18.2.1.5. Constants 18.2.2. SSL Sockets 18.2.3. SSL Contexts 18.2.4. Certificates 18.2.4.1. Certificate chains 18.2.4.2. CA certificates 18.2.4.3.
Com
bin
ed
key and certificate 18.2.4.4. Self-sign
ed
certificates 18.2.5. Examples 18.2.5.1. Testing for SSL support 18.2.5.2. Client-side operat
ion
18.2.5.3. Server-side operat
ion
18.2.6. Notes on non-blocking sockets 18.2.7. Memory BIO Support 18.2.8. SSL sess
ion
18.2.9. Security considerat
ion
s 18.2.9.1. Best defaults 18.2.9.2. Manual settings 18.2.9.2.1. Verifying certificates 18.2.9.2.2. Protocol vers
ion
s 18.2.9.2.3. Cipher select
ion
18.2.9.3. Multi-processing 18.2.10. LibreSSL support 18.3. select — Waiting for I/O
com
plet
ion
18.3.1. /dev/poll Polling Objects 18.3.2.
Ed
ge and Level Trigger Polling (epoll) Objects 18.3.3. Polling Objects 18.3.4. Kqueue Objects 18.3.5. Kevent Objects 18.4. selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing 18.4.1. Introduct
ion
18.4.2. Classes 18.4.3. Examples 18.5. asyncio — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks 18.5.1. Base Event Loop 18.5.1.1. Run an event loop 18.5.1.2. Calls 18.5.1.3. Delay
ed
calls 18.5.1.4. Futures 18.5.1.5. Tasks 18.5.1.6. Creating connect
ion
s 18.5.1.7. Creating listening connect
ion
s 18.5.1.8. Watch file descriptors 18.5.1.9. Low-level socket operat
ion
s 18.5.1.10. Resolve host name 18.5.1.11. Connect pipes 18.5.1.12. UNIX signals 18.5.1.13. Executor 18.5.1.14. Error Handling API 18.5.1.15. Debug mode 18.5.1.16. Server 18.5.1.17. Handle 18.5.1.18. Event loop examples 18.5.1.18.1. Hello World with call_soon() 18.5.1.18.2. Display the current date with call_later() 18.5.1.18.3. Watch a file descriptor for read events 18.5.1.18.4. Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM 18.5.2. Event loops 18.5.2.1. Event loop f
unc
t
ion
s 18.5.2.2. Available event loops 18.5.2.3. Platform support 18.5.2.3.1. Windows 18.5.2.3.2. Mac OS X 18.5.2.4. Event loop policies and the default policy 18.5.2.5. Event loop policy interface 18.5.2.6. Access to the global loop policy 18.5.2.7. Customizing the event loop policy 18.5.3. Tasks and coroutines 18.5.3.1. Coroutines 18.5.3.1.1. Example: Hello World coroutine 18.5.3.1.2. Example: Coroutine displaying the current date 18.5.3.1.3. Example: Chain coroutines 18.5.3.2. InvalidStateError 18.5.3.3. TimeoutError 18.5.3.4. Future 18.5.3.4.1. Example: Future with run_until_
com
plete() 18.5.3.4.2. Example: Future with run_forever() 18.5.3.5. Task 18.5.3.5.1. Example: Parallel execut
ion
of tasks 18.5.3.6. Task f
unc
t
ion
s 18.5.4. Transports and protocols (callback bas
ed
API) 18.5.4.1. Transports 18.5.4.1.1. BaseTransport 18.5.4.1.2. ReadTransport 18.5.4.1.3. WriteTransport 18.5.4.1.4. DatagramTransport 18.5.4.1.5. BaseSubprocessTransport 18.5.4.2. Protocols 18.5.4.2.1. Protocol classes 18.5.4.2.2. Connect
ion
callbacks 18.5.4.2.3. Streaming protocols 18.5.4.2.4. Datagram protocols 18.5.4.2.5. Flow control callbacks 18.5.4.2.6. Coroutines and protocols 18.5.4.3. Protocol examples 18.5.4.3.1. TCP echo client protocol 18.5.4.3.2. TCP echo server protocol 18.5.4.3.3. UDP echo client protocol 18.5.4.3.4. UDP echo server protocol 18.5.4.3.5. Register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol 18.5.5. Streams (coroutine bas
ed
API) 18.5.5.1. Stream f
unc
t
ion
s 18.5.5.2. StreamReader 18.5.5.3. StreamWriter 18.5.5.4. StreamReaderProtocol 18.5.5.5. In
com
pleteReadError 18.5.5.6. LimitOverrunError 18.5.5.7. Stream examples 18.5.5.7.1. TCP echo client using streams 18.5.5.7.2. TCP echo server using streams 18.5.5.7.3. Get HTTP headers 18.5.5.7.4. Register an open socket to wait for data using streams 18.5.6. Subprocess 18.5.6.1. Windows event loop 18.5.6.2. Create a subprocess: high-level API using Process 18.5.6.3. Create a subprocess: low-level API using subprocess.Popen 18.5.6.4. Constants 18.5.6.5. Process 18.5.6.6. Subprocess and threads 18.5.6.7. Subprocess examples 18.5.6.7.1. Subprocess using transport and protocol 18.5.6.7.2. Subprocess using streams 18.5.7. Synchronizat
ion
primitives 18.5.7.1. Locks 18.5.7.1.1. Lock 18.5.7.1.2. Event 18.5.7.1.3. Condit
ion
18.5.7.2. Semaphores 18.5.7.2.1. Semaphore 18.5.7.2.2. Bound
ed
Semaphore 18.5.8. Queues 18.5.8.1. Queue 18.5.8.2. PriorityQueue 18.5.8.3. LifoQueue 18.5.8.3.1. Except
ion
s 18.5.9. Develop with asyncio 18.5.9.1. Debug mode of asyncio 18.5.9.2. Cancellat
ion
18.5.9.3. Concurrency and multithreading 18.5.9.4. Handle blocking f
unc
t
ion
s correctly 18.5.9.5. Logging 18.5.9.6. Detect coroutine objects never sch
ed
ul
ed
18.5.9.7. Detect except
ion
s never consum
ed
18.5.9.8. Chain coroutines correctly 18.5.9.9. Pending task destroy
ed
18.5.9.10. Close transports and event loops 18.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler 18.6.1. asyncore Example basic HTTP client 18.6.2. asyncore Example basic echo server 18.7. asynchat — Asynchronous socket
com
mand/response handler 18.7.1. asynchat Example 18.8. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events 18.8.1. General rules 18.8.1.1. Execut
ion
of Python signal handlers 18.8.1.2. Signals and threads 18.8.2. Module contents 18.8.3. Example 18.9. mmap — Memory-mapp
ed
file support 19. Internet Data Handling 19.1. email — An email and MIME handling package 19.1.1. email.message: Representing an email message 19.1.2. email.parser: Parsing email messages 19.1.2.1. Fe
ed
Parser API 19.1.2.2. Parser API 19.1.2.3. Addit
ion
al notes 19.1.3. email.generator: Generating MIME documents 19.1.4. email.policy: Policy Objects 19.1.5. email.errors: Except
ion
and Defect classes 19.1.6. email.headerregistry: Custom Header Objects 19.1.7. email.contentmanager: Managing MIME Content 19.1.7.1. Content Manager Instances 19.1.8. email: Examples 19.1.9. email.message.Message: Representing an email message using the
com
pat32 API 19.1.10. email.mime: Creating email and MIME objects from scratch 19.1.11. email.header: Internat
ion
aliz
ed
headers 19.1.12. email.charset: Representing character sets 19.1.13. email.encoders: Encoders 19.1.14. email.utils: Miscellaneous utilities 19.1.15. email.iterators: Iterators 19.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder 19.2.1. Basic Usage 19.2.2. Encoders and Decoders 19.2.3. Except
ion
s 19.2.4. Standard
Com
pliance and Interoperability 19.2.4.1. Character Encodings 19.2.4.2. Infinite and NaN Number Values 19.2.4.3. Repeat
ed
Names Within an Object 19.2.4.4. Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values 19.2.4.5. Implementat
ion
Limitat
ion
s 19.2.5.
Com
mand Line Interface 19.2.5.1.
Com
mand line opt
ion
s 19.3. mailcap — Mailcap file handling 19.4. mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats 19.4.1. Mailbox objects 19.4.1.1. Maildir 19.4.1.2. mbox 19.4.1.3. MH 19.4.1.4. Babyl 19.4.1.5. MMDF 19.4.2. Message objects 19.4.2.1. MaildirMessage 19.4.2.2. mboxMessage 19.4.2.3. MHMessage 19.4.2.4. BabylMessage 19.4.2.5. MMDFMessage 19.4.3. Except
ion
s 19.4.4. Examples 19.5. mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types 19.5.1. MimeTypes Objects 19.6. base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings 19.7. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files 19.7.1. Notes 19.8. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII 19.9. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quot
ed
-printable data 19.10. uu — Encode and decode uuencode files 20. Structur
ed
Markup Processing Tools 20.1. html — HyperText Markup Language support 20.2. html.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser 20.2.1. Example HTML Parser Applicat
ion
20.2.2. HTMLParser Methods 20.2.3. Examples 20.3. html.entities — Definit
ion
s of HTML general entities 20.4. XML Processing Modules 20.4.1. XML vulnerabilities 20.4.2. The defus
ed
xml and defus
ed
expat Packages 20.5. xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API 20.5.1. Tutorial 20.5.1.1. XML tree and elements 20.5.1.2. Parsing XML 20.5.1.3. Pull API for non-blocking parsing 20.5.1.4. Finding interesting elements 20.5.1.5. Modifying an XML File 20.5.1.6. Building XML documents 20.5.1.7. Parsing XML with Namespaces 20.5.1.8. Addit
ion
al resources 20.5.2. XPath support 20.5.2.1. Example 20.5.2.2. Support
ed
XPath syntax 20.5.3. Reference 20.5.3.1. F
unc
t
ion
s 20.5.3.2. Element Objects 20.5.3.3. ElementTree Objects 20.5.3.4. QName Objects 20.5.3.5. TreeBuilder Objects 20.5.3.6. XMLParser Objects 20.5.3.7. XMLPullParser Objects 20.5.3.8. Except
ion
s 20.6. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API 20.6.1. Module Contents 20.6.2. Objects in the DOM 20.6.2.1. DOMImplementat
ion
Objects 20.6.2.2. Node Objects 20.6.2.3. NodeList Objects 20.6.2.4. DocumentType Objects 20.6.2.5. Document Objects 20.6.2.6. Element Objects 20.6.2.7. Attr Objects 20.6.2.8. Nam
ed
NodeMap Objects 20.6.2.9.
Com
ment Objects 20.6.2.10. Text and CDATASect
ion
Objects 20.6.2.11. ProcessingInstruct
ion
Objects 20.6.2.12. Except
ion
s 20.6.3. Conformance 20.6.3.1. Type Mapping 20.6.3.2. Accessor Methods 20.7. xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementat
ion
20.7.1. DOM Objects 20.7.2. DOM Example 20.7.3. minidom and the DOM standard 20.8. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees 20.8.1. DOMEventStream Objects 20.9. xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers 20.9.1. SAXExcept
ion
Objects 20.10. xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers 20.10.1. ContentHandler Objects 20.10.2. DTDHandler Objects 20.10.3. EntityResolver Objects 20.10.4. ErrorHandler Objects 20.11. xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities 20.12. xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers 20.12.1. XMLReader Objects 20.12.2. IncrementalParser Objects 20.12.3. Locator Objects 20.12.4. InputSource Objects 20.12.5. The Attributes Interface 20.12.6. The AttributesNS Interface 20.13. xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat 20.13.1. XMLParser Objects 20.13.2. ExpatError Except
ion
s 20.13.3. Example 20.13.4. Content Model Descript
ion
s 20.13.5. Expat error constants 21. Internet Protocols and Support 21.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller 21.1.1. Browser Controller Objects 21.2. cgi —
Com
mon Gateway Interface support 21.2.1. Introduct
ion
21.2.2. Using the cgi module 21.2.3. Higher Level Interface 21.2.4. F
unc
t
ion
s 21.2.5. Caring about security 21.2.6. Installing your CGI script on a Unix system 21.2.7. Testing your CGI script 21.2.8. Debugging CGI scripts 21.2.9.
Com
mon problems and solut
ion
s 21.3. cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts 21.4. wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementat
ion
21.4.1. wsgiref.util – WSGI environment utilities 21.4.2. wsgiref.headers – WSGI response header tools 21.4.3. wsgiref.simple_server – a simple WSGI HTTP server 21.4.4. wsgiref.validate — WSGI conformance checker 21.4.5. wsgiref.handlers – server/gateway base classes 21.4.6. Examples 21.5. urllib — URL handling modules 21.6. urllib.request — Extensible
library
for opening URLs 21.6.1. Request Objects 21.6.2. OpenerDirector Objects 21.6.3. BaseHandler Objects 21.6.4. HTTPR
ed
irectHandler Objects 21.6.5. HTTPCookieProcessor Objects 21.6.6. ProxyHandler Objects 21.6.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects 21.6.8. HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects 21.6.9. AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects 21.6.10. HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects 21.6.11. ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects 21.6.12. AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects 21.6.13. HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects 21.6.14. ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects 21.6.15. HTTPHandler Objects 21.6.16. HTTPSHandler Objects 21.6.17. FileHandler Objects 21.6.18. DataHandler Objects 21.6.19. FTPHandler Objects 21.6.20. CacheFTPHandler Objects 21.6.21. UnknownHandler Objects 21.6.22. HTTPErrorProcessor Objects 21.6.23. Examples 21.6.24. Legacy interface 21.6.25. urllib.request Restrict
ion
s 21.7. urllib.response — Response classes us
ed
by urllib 21.8. urllib.parse — Parse URLs into
com
ponents 21.8.1. URL Parsing 21.8.2. Parsing ASCII Encod
ed
Bytes 21.8.3. Structur
ed
Parse Results 21.8.4. URL Quoting 21.9. urllib.error — Except
ion
classes rais
ed
by urllib.request 21.10. urllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txt 21.11. http — HTTP modules 21.11.1. HTTP status codes 21.12. http.client — HTTP protocol client 21.12.1. HTTPConnect
ion
Objects 21.12.2. HTTPResponse Objects 21.12.3. Examples 21.12.4. HTTPMessage Objects 21.13. ftplib — FTP protocol client 21.13.1. FTP Objects 21.13.2. FTP_TLS Objects 21.14. poplib — POP3 protocol client 21.14.1. POP3 Objects 21.14.2. POP3 Example 21.15. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client 21.15.1. IMAP4 Objects 21.15.2. IMAP4 Example 21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client 21.16.1. NNTP Objects 21.16.1.1. Attributes 21.16.1.2. Methods 21.16.2. Utility f
unc
t
ion
s 21.17. smtplib — SMTP protocol client 21.17.1. SMTP Objects 21.17.2. SMTP Example 21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server 21.18.1. SMTPServer Objects 21.18.2. DebuggingServer Objects 21.18.3. PureProxy Objects 21.18.4. MailmanProxy Objects 21.18.5. SMTPChannel Objects 21.19. telnetlib — Telnet client 21.19.1. Telnet Objects 21.19.2. Telnet Example 21.20. uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122 21.20.1. Example 21.21. socketserver — A framework for
network
servers 21.21.1. Server Creat
ion
Notes 21.21.2. Server Objects 21.21.3. Request Handler Objects 21.21.4. Examples 21.21.4.1. socketserver.TCPServer Example 21.21.4.2. socketserver.UDPServer Example 21.21.4.3. Asynchronous Mixins 21.22. http.server — HTTP servers 21.23. http.cookies — HTTP state management 21.23.1. Cookie Objects 21.23.2. Morsel Objects 21.23.3. Example 21.24. http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients 21.24.1. CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects 21.24.2. FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operat
ion
with web browsers 21.24.3. CookiePolicy Objects 21.24.4. DefaultCookiePolicy Objects 21.24.5. Cookie Objec
Bochs - The cross platform IA-32 (x86) emulator
Changes in 2.4.6 (February 22, 2011): Brief summary : - Support more host OS to run on: - Include win64 native binary in the release. - Fix
ed
failures on big endian hosts. - BIOS: Support for up to 2M ROM BIOS images. - GUI: select mouse capture toggle method in .bochsrc. - Port
ed
most of Qemu's 'virtual VFAT' block driver (except runtime write support, but plus FAT32 suppport) - Add
ed
write protect opt
ion
for floppy drives. - Bugfixes / improv
ed
internal debugger + instrumentat
ion
. Detail
ed
change log : - CPU and internal debugger - Implement
ed
Process Context ID (PCID) feature - Implement
ed
FS/GS BASE access instruct
ion
s support (according to document from http://software.intel.
com
/en-us/avx/) - Rewritten from scratch SMC detect
ion
algorithm - Implement
ed
fine-grain
ed
SMC detect
ion
(on 128 byte granularity) - Bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness and stability - Fix
ed
failures on Big Endian hosts ! - Print detail
ed
page walk informat
ion
and attributes in internal debugger 'page'
com
mand - Updat
ed
/Fix
ed
instrumentat
ion
callbacks - Configure and
com
pile - Bochs now can be
com
pil
ed
as native Windows x86-64 applicat
ion
(test
ed
with Mingw gcc 4.5.1 and Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2010) - Add
ed
ability to configure CPUID stepping through .bochsrc. The default stepping value is 3. - Add
ed
ability to disable MONITOR/MWAIT support through .bochsrc CPUID opt
ion
. The opt
ion
is available only if
com
pil
ed
with --enable-monitor-mwait configure opt
ion
. - Determine and select max physical address size automatically at configure time: - 32-bit physical address for 386/486 guests - 36-bit physical address for PSE-36 enabl
ed
Pentium guest - 40-bit physical address for PAE enabl
ed
P6 or later guests - Update config.guess/config.sub scripts to May 2010 revis
ion
s. - Update Visual Studio 2008 project files in build/win32/vs2008ex-workspace.zip - Add
ed
Bochs
com
pilat
ion
timestamp after Bochs vers
ion
string. - GUI and display libraries (Volker) - Add
ed
new .bochsrc opt
ion
to select mouse capture toggle method. In addit
ion
to the default Bochs method using the CTRL key and the middle mouse button there are now the choices: - CTRL+F10 (like DOSBox) - CTRL+ALT (like QEMU) - F12 (replaces win32 'legacyF12' opt
ion
) - display
library
'x' now uses the desktop size for the maximum guest resolut
ion
- ROM BIOS - Support for up to 2M ROM BIOS images - I/O Devices - 3 new 'pseudo device' plugins creat
ed
by plugin separat
ion
(see below) - Fixes for emulat
ed
DHCP in eth_vnet (patch from @SF tracker) - Add
ed
support for VGA graphics mode with 400 lines (partial fix for SF bug #2948724) - NE2K: Fix
ed
"send buffer"
com
mand issue on big endian hosts - USB - convert
ed
com
mon USB code plus devices to the new 'usb_
com
mon' plugin Now the USB device classes no longer exist twice if both HC plugins are
load
ed
. - add
ed
'pseudo device' in
com
mon USB code for the device creat
ion
. This makes the HCs independent from the device specific code. - USB MSD: add
ed
support for disk image modes (like ATA disks) - USB printer: output file creat
ion
failure now causes a disconnect - re-implement
ed
"opt
ion
s" parameter for addit
ion
al opt
ion
s of connect
ed
devices (currently only us
ed
to set the spe
ed
report
ed
by device and to specify an alternative r
ed
olog file of USB MSD disk image modes) - hard drive - new disk image mode 'vvfat' - port
ed
the read-only part of Qemu's 'virtual VFAT' block driver - addit
ion
s: configurable disk geometry, FAT32 support, read MBR and/or boot sector from file, volatile write support using hdimage r
ed
olog_t class, opt
ion
al
com
mit support on Bochs exit, save/restore file attributes, 1.44 MB floppy support, set file modificat
ion
date/time - convert
ed
the
com
plete hdimage stuff to the new 'hdimage' plugin - new hdimage method get_capabilities() that can return special flags - vmware3, vmware4 and vvfat classes now return HDIMAGE_HAS_GEOMETRY flag - other disk image modes by default return HDIMAGE_AUTO_GEOMETRY if cylinder value is set to 0 - multiple sector read/write support for some image modes - new log prefix "IMG" for hdimage messages - floppy - add
ed
write protect opt
ion
for floppy drives (bas
ed
on @SF patch by Ben Lunt) - vvfat support - bugfix: close images on exit - SB16 - convert
ed
the sound output module stuff to the new 'soundmod' plugin - SF patches appli
ed
[3164945] hack to
com
pile under WIN64 by Darek Mihocka and Stanislav [3164073] Fine grain SMC invalidat
ion
by Stanislav [1539417] write protect for floppy drives by Ben Lunt [2862322] fixes for emulat
ed
DHCP in eth_vnet - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
/fix
ed
[2588085] Mouse capture [3140332] typo in mf3/ps2 mapping of BX_KEY_CTRL_R [3111577] No "back" opt
ion
in log settings [3108422] Timing window in NE2K emulat
ion
[3084390] Bochs won't
load
floppy plugin right on startup [3043174] Docbook use of '_' build failure [3085140] Ia_arpl_Ew_Rw definit
ion
of error [3078995] ROL/ROR/SHL/SHR modeling wrong when dest reg is 32 bit [2864794] BX_INSTR_OPCODE in "cpu_loop" causes crash in x86_64 host [2884071] [AIX host] prefetch: EIP [00010000] > CS.limit [0000ffff] [3053542] 64 bit mode: far-jmp instruct
ion
is error [3011112] error
com
pile vs2008/2010 with X2APIC [3002017]
com
pile error with vs 2010 [3009767] guest RFLAGS.IF blocks externel interrupt in VMX guest mode [2964655] VMX not enabl
ed
in MSR IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL [3005865] IDT show bug [3001637] CMOS MAP register meaning error [2994370] Cannot build with 3DNow support - these S.F. feature requests were clos
ed
/implement
ed
[1510142] Native Windows XP x64
Ed
it
ion
binary [1062553] select mouse (de)activat
ion
in bochsrc [2930633] legacy mouse capture key : not specific enough [2930679] Let user change mouse capture control key [2803538] Show flags for pages when using "info tab" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.4.5 (April 25, 2010): Brief summary : - Major configure/cpu rework allowing to enable/disable CPU opt
ion
s at runtime through .bochsrc (Stanislav) - Bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness and stability - Implement
ed
X2APIC extens
ion
s (Stanislav) - Implement
ed
Intel VMXx2 extens
ion
s (Stanislav) - Extend
ed
VMX capability MSRs, APIC Virtualizat
ion
, X2APIC Virtualizat
ion
, Extend
ed
Page Tables (EPT), VPID, Unrestrict
ed
Guests, new VMX controls. - Implement
ed
PCLMULQDQ AES instruct
ion
- Extend
ed
Bochs internal debugger f
unc
t
ion
ality - USB HP DeskJet 920C printer device emulat
ion
(Ben Lunt) Detail
ed
change log : - Configure rework - Deprecate --enable-popcnt configure opt
ion
. POPCNT instruct
ion
will be enabl
ed
automatically iff SSE4_2 is support
ed
(like in hardware). - Make --ignore-bad-msrs runtime opt
ion
in .bochsrc. Old --ignore-bad-msrs configure opt
ion
is deprecat
ed
and should not be us
ed
anymore. - Enable changing part of CPU f
unc
t
ion
ality at runtime through .bochsrc. - Now you could enable/disable any of SSEx/AES/MOVBE/SYSENTER_SYSEXIT/XSAVE instruct
ion
sets using new CPUID opt
ion
in .bochsrc. - When x86-64 support is
com
pil
ed
in, you could enable/disable long mode 1G pages support without re
com
pile using new CPUID opt
ion
in .bochsrc. Configure opt
ion
s: --enable-mmx, --enable-sse, --enable-movbe, --enable-xsave, --enable-sep, --enable-aes, --enable-1g-pages are deprecat
ed
and should not be us
ed
anymore. - Local APIC configure opt
ion
--enable-apic is deprecat
ed
and should not be us
ed
anymore. The LAPIC opt
ion
now automatically determin
ed
from other configure opt
ion
s. XAPIC f
unc
t
ion
ality could be enabl
ed
using new CPUID .bochsrc opt
ion
. - Chang
ed
default CPU configurat
ion
(generat
ed
by configure script with default opt
ion
s) to BX_CPU_LEVEL=6 with SSE2 enabl
ed
. - CPU - Implement
ed
PCLMULQDQ AES instruct
ion
- Implement
ed
X2APIC extens
ion
s / enable extend
ed
topology CPUID leaf (0xb), in order to enable X2APIC configure with --enable-x2apic - Implement
ed
Intel VMXx2 extens
ion
s: - Enabl
ed
extend
ed
VMX capability MSRs - Implement
ed
VMX controls for
load
ing/storing of MSR_PAT and MSR_EFER - Enabl
ed
/Implement
ed
secondary proc-bas
ed
vmexec controls: - Implement
ed
APIC virtualizat
ion
- Implement
ed
Extend
ed
Page Tables (EPT) mode - Implement
ed
Descriptor Table Access VMEXIT control - Implement
ed
RDTSCP VMEXIT control - Implement
ed
Virtualize X2APIC mode control - Implement
ed
Virtual Process ID (VPID) - Implement
ed
WBINVD VMEXIT control - Implement
ed
Unrestrict
ed
Guest mode In order to enable emulat
ion
of VMXx2 extens
ion
s configure with --enable-vmx=2 opt
ion
(x86-64 must be enabl
ed
) - Bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness - Fix
ed
Bochs crash when accessing the first byte above emulat
ed
memory size - Internal Debugger - Introduc
ed
range read/write physical watchpoints - Allow re
load
ing of segment registers from internal debugger - Improv
ed
verbose physical memory access tracing - BIOS - Fix MTRR configurat
ion
(prevent
ed
boot of modern Linux kernels) - Fix interrupt vectors for INT 60h-66h (reserv
ed
for user interrupt) by setting them to zero - Fix BIOS INT13 f
unc
t
ion
08 when the number of cylinders on the disk = 1 - I/O Devices - USB HP DeskJet 920C printer device emulat
ion
(Ben Lunt) - Misc - Updat
ed
Bochs TESTFORM to vers
ion
0.5 - SF patches appli
ed
[2864402] outstanding x2apic patches by Stanislav [2960379] Fix build with -Wformat -Werror=format-security by Per Oyvind Karlsen [2938273] allow instrumentat
ion
to change execute by Konrad Grochowski [2926072] Indirect
ion
operators in express
ion
s by Derek Peschel [2914433] makesym.perl misses symbols by John R. Jackson [2908481] USB Printer by Ben Lunt - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
/fix
ed
[2861662] dbg_xlate_linear2phy ne
ed
s to be updat
ed
[2956217] INT13 AH=8 returns wrong values when cylinders=1 [2981161] Allow DMA transfers to continue when CPU is in HALT state [2795115] NX fault could be miss
ed
[2964824] bad newline sequence in aspi-win32.h [913419] configure opt
ion
s and build process ne
ed
s some work [2938398] gdbstub
com
pile error with x86_64 enabl
ed
[2734455] shutdown/reset type 05 should reinit the PICs [1921294] extend
ed
memory less than 1M wrong size [1947249] BX_USE_EBDA_TABLES and MP table placement [1933859] BX_USE_EBDA_TABLES and memory overlapping [2923680] "help dregs" is a syntax error [2919661] CPU may fail to do 16bit near call [2790768] Memory corrupt
ion
with SMP > 32, Panic BIOS Keyboard Error [2902118] interrupts vectors 0x60 to 67 should be NULL ! [2912502] Instruct
ion
Pointer behaving erratically [2901047] Bochs crash
ed
, clos
ed
by guest os [2905385] Bochs crash [2901481] Instruct
ion
SYSRET and SS(PL) [2900632] Broken long mode RETF to outer privil
ed
ge with null SS [1429011] Use bx_phyaddr_t for physaddr vars and bx_adress for lin adr - these S.F. feature requests were clos
ed
/implement
ed
[2955911] RPM preuninstall scriptlet removes /core [2947863] don't abort on unrecognis
ed
opt
ion
s [2878861] numerics in the disassembler output [2900619] make more CPU state changeable ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.4.2 (November 12, 2009): - CPU and internal debugger - VMX: Implement
ed
TPR shadow VMEXIT - Bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness (mostly for VMX support). - Bugfixes and updates for Bochs internal debugger - On SMP system stepN
com
mand now affects only current processor - Memory - Bugfixes for > 32-bit physical address space. - Allow to emulate more physical memory than host actually could or would like to allocate. For more details look for new .bochsrc 'memory' opt
ion
. - Cleanup configure opt
ion
s - All paging relat
ed
opt
ion
s now will be automatically determin
ed
according to --enable-cpu-level opt
ion
. Relat
ed
configure opt
ion
s --enable-global-pages, --enable-large-pages, --enable-pae, --enable-mtrr are deprecat
ed
now. Only 1G paging opt
ion
still remaining
unc
hang
ed
. - Deprecate --enable-daz configure opt
ion
. Denormals-are-zeros MXCSR control will be enabl
ed
automatically iff SSE2 is support
ed
(like in hardware). - Deprecate --enable-vme configure opt
ion
, now it will be support
ed
iff CPU_LEVEL >= 5 (like in hardware). - I/O Devices - Bugfixes for 8254 PIT, VGA, Cirrus-Logic SVGA, USB UCHI - SF patches appli
ed
[2817840] Make old_callback static by Mark Marshall [2874004] fix for VMWRITE instruct
ion
by Roberto Paleari [2873999] fix CS segment type during fast syscall invocat
ion
by Roberto Paleari [2864389] Debugger gui maximize on startup by Thomas Nilsen [2817868] Rework loops in the memory code by Mark Marshall [2812948] PIT bug by Derek - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
/fix
ed
[2833504] GUI debugger bug-about GDT display [2872244] BIOS writes not allow
ed
value to MTRR MSR causing #GP [2885383] SDL GUI memory leak [2872290]
com
pilat
ion
in AIX5.3 ML10 failes [2867904] crash with cirrus bx_vga_c::mem_write [2851495] BIOS PCI returns with INT flag = 0 [2860333] vista 64 guest STOP 109 (GDT modificat
ion
) [2849745] disassembler bug for 3DNow and SSE opcodes [1066748] Wrong registers values after #RESET, #INIT [2836893] Regress
ion
: Windows XP installer unable to format harddrive [2812239] VMX: VM-Exit: Incorrect instruct
ion
length on software int [2814130] bx_debug lex/yacc files incorrectly generat
ed
[2813199] MP Tables Missing From BIOS [2824093] VMX except
ion
bug [2811909] VMX : CS Access-rights Type.Access
ed
stays 0 [2810571]
Com
pile Errors on OSX [2823749] GCC regress
ion
or VM_EXIT RDMSR/WRMSR bug [2815929] Vista/XP64 unnecessary panic [2803519] Wrong example in man page bochsrc - these S.F. feature requests were clos
ed
/implement
ed
[422766] Large Memory configurat
ion
s [1311287] Idea for a better GUI [455971] USB support [615363] debugger shortcut for repeat last cmd ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.4.1 (June 7, 2009): - Fix
ed
b
unc
h of CPUID issues - Bochs is now able to install and boot 64-bit Windows images! (special thanks to Mark Ebersole for his patch) - Several bugfixes in CPU emulat
ion
(mostly for x87 instruct
ion
s) - Fix
ed
two critical deadlock bugs in the Win32 gui (patches from @SF tracker) - Fixes relat
ed
to the 'show ips' feature - remov
ed
conflicting win32-specific alarm() f
unc
t
ion
s ('win32' and 'sdl' gui) - feature now works in wx on win32 - Add
ed
support for gdb stub on big endian machine (patch by Godmar Back) - Rewritten obsolete hash_map code in dbg symbols module (patch from @SF) - BIOS: implement
ed
missing INT 15h/89h (patch by Sebastian Herbszt) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.4 (May 3, 2009): Brief summary : - Add
ed
graphical Bochs debugger frontend for most of the support
ed
platforms. - Thanks for Chourdakis Michael and Bruce Ewing. - Many new CPU features in emulat
ion
- Support for > 32 bit physical address space and configurable MSRs - VMX, 1G pages in long mode, MOVBE instruct
ion
- Bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness, debugger and CPU instrumentat
ion
. - New config interface 'win32config' with start and runtime menu - USB: add
ed
OHCI support, external hub and cdrom - Add
ed
user plugin interface support. Detail
ed
change log : - CPU and internal debugger - Support for VMX hardware emulat
ion
in Bochs CPU, to enable configure with --enable-vmx opt
ion
Nearly
com
plete VMX implementat
ion
, with few except
ion
s: - Dual-monitor treatment of SMIs and SMM not implement
ed
yet - NMI virtualizat
ion
, APIC virtualizat
ion
not implement
ed
yet - VMENTER to not-active state not support
ed
yet - No advanc
ed
features like Extend
ed
Page Tables or VPID - Support for configurable MSR registers emulat
ion
, to enable configure with --enable-configurable-msrs opt
ion
Look for configurat
ion
example in .bochsrc and msrs.def - Support new Intel Atom(R) MOVBE instruct
ion
, to enable configure with --enable-movbe opt
ion
- Support for 1G pages in long mode, to enable configure with --enable-1g-pages opt
ion
- Support for > 32 bit physical address space in CPU. Up to 36 bit could be seen in legacy mode (PAE) and up to 40 bit in x86-64 mode. Still support the same amount of the physical memory in the memory object, so system with > 4Gb of RAM yet cannot be emulat
ed
. To enable configure with --enable-long-phy-address opt
ion
. - Implement
ed
modern BIOSes mode limiting max report
ed
CPUID f
unc
t
ion
to 3 using .bochsrc CPU opt
ion
. The mode is requir
ed
in order to correctly install and boot WinNT. - Add
ed
ability to configure CPUID vendor/brand strings through .bochsrc (patch from @SF by Doug Re
ed
). - Many bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness (both x86 and x86-64). - Updat
ed
CPU instrumentat
ion
callbacks. - Fix
ed
Bochs internal debugger breakpoints/watchpoints handling. - Configure and
com
pile - Add
ed
ability to choose Bochs log file name and Bochs debugger log file name from Bochs
com
mand line (using new -log and -dbglog opt
ion
s) - Remov
ed
Peter Tattam's clos
ed
source external debugger interface from the code. - Remov
ed
--enable-guest2host-tlb configure opt
ion
. The opt
ion
is always enabl
ed
for any Bochs configurat
ion
. - Remov
ed
--enable-icache configure opt
ion
. The opt
ion
is always enabl
ed
for any Bochs configurat
ion
. Trace cache support still remains opt
ion
al and could be configur
ed
off. - Add
ed
configure opt
ion
to
com
pile in GUI frontend for Bochs debugger, to enable configure with --enable-debugger-gui opt
ion
. The GUI debugger frontend is enabl
ed
by default with Bochs debugger. - Remov
ed
--enable-port-e9-hack configure opt
ion
. The feature now could be configur
ed
at runtime through .bochsrc. - Add
ed
configure opt
ion
to enable/disable A20 pin support. Disabling the A20 pin support slightly spe
ed
s up the emulat
ion
. - r
ed
uc
ed
dependencies between source files for faster code generat
ion
- BIOS - Add
ed
S3 (suspend to RAM) ACPI state to BIOS (patch by Gleb Natapov) - Implement
ed
MTRR support in the bios (patches by Avi Kivity and Alex Williams
ion
with addit
ion
s by Sebastian Herbszt) - Bug fixes - I/O Devices - Add
ed
user plugin support - remaining devices convert
ed
to plugins: pit, ioapic, iodebug - add
ed
'plugin_ctrl' bochsrc opt
ion
to control the presence of opt
ion
al device plugins without a separate opt
ion
. By default all plugins are enabl
ed
. - add
ed
register mechanism for removable mouse and keyboard devices - Hard drive / cdrom - PACKET-DMA feature now support
ed
by all ATAPI
com
mands - ATAPI
com
mand 0x1A add
ed
(bas
ed
on the Qemu implementat
ion
) - sb16 - Add
ed
ALSA sound support on Linux (PCM/MIDI output) - FM synthesizer now usable with MIDI output (simple piano only) - Fix
ed
OPL frequency to MIDI note translat
ion
- Fix
ed
MIDI output
com
mand - keyboard - add
ed
keyboard controller
com
mands 0xCA and 0xCB - USB - USB code reorganiz
ed
to support more HC types and devices - add
ed
USB OHCI support written by Ben Lunt - add
ed
external USB hub support (initial code port
ed
from Qemu) - add
ed
USB cdrom support (SCSI
layer
port
ed
from Qemu) - add
ed
status bar indicators to show data transfer - VGA - VBE video memory increas
ed
to 16 MB - implement
ed
changeable VBE LFB base address (PCI only, requires latest BIOS and VGABIOS images) - I/O APIC - implement
ed
I/O APIC device hardware reset - Config interface - new config interface 'win32config' with start and runtime menu is now the default on Windows ('textconfig' is still available) - win32 device config dialogs are now creat
ed
dynamicly from a parameter list (works like the wx ParamDialog) - changes in textcofig and the wx ParamDialog for
com
patibility with the new win32 dialog behaviour - Bochs param tree index keys are case independent now - some other addit
ion
s / bugfixes in the simulator interface code - Misc - updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.6c - Updat
ed
Bochs TESTFORM to vers
ion
0.4 - SF patches appli
ed
[2784858] IO Handler names are not
com
par
ed
properly [2712569] Legacy bios serial data buffer timeout bug by grybranix [2655090] 64 bit BSWAP with REX.W broken by M. Eby [2645919] CR8 bug when reading by M. Eby [1895665] kvm: bios: add support to memory above the pci hole by Izik Eidus [2403372] rombios: check for valid cdrom before using it by Sebastian [2307269] acpi: handle S3 by Sebastian [2354134] TAP
network
ing on Solaris/Sparc repair
ed
[2144692] The scsi device can not
com
plete its writing data
com
mand by naiyue [1827082] [PATCH] Configurable CPU vendor by Marcel Sondaar [2217229] Panic on EBDA overflow in rombios32 by Sebastian [2210194] Log pci class code by Sebastian [1984662] r
ed
l
ed
for disk write and titlebar mod by ggbsf [2142955] Fix for monitor/mwait by Doug Gibson [2137774] Patch to fix bug: cdrom: read_block: lseek return
ed
error by Gabor Olah [2134642] Fix scan_to_scanascii table for F11 and F12 by Ben Guthro & Steve Ofsthun [2123036] sdl fullscreen fix by ggbsf [2073039] Remove CMOS accsess from AML code by Gleb Natapov [2072168] smbios: add L1-L3 cache handle to processor informat
ion
by Sebastian [2055416] bochsrc cpu opt
ion
s for cpuid vendor and brand string by Doug Re
ed
[2035278] rombios: Fix return from BEV via retf by Sebastian [2035260] rombios: El Torito
load
segment fix by Sebastian [2031978] Fix VMware backdoor
com
mand 0Ah by Jamie Lokier [2015277] Remove obsolete
com
ment about DATA_SEG_DEFS_HERE hack by Sebastian [2011268] Set new default format and unit only if both are support
ed
by Sebastian [2001919] gdbstub: fix qSupport
ed
reply by Sebastian [2001912] gdbstub: enclose packet data by apostrophes by Sebastian [1998071] fix missing SIGHUP and SIGQUIT with term ui on mingw by Sebastian [1998063] fix wrong colors with term ui by Sebastian [1995064]
Com
pile fix ne
ed
ed
for --enable-debugger and gcc 4.3 by Hans de Go
ed
e [1994564] Fix typo in RDMSR BX_MSR_MTRRFIX16K_A0000 by Sebastian [1994396] Change hard_drive_post #if by Sebastian [1993235] TESTFORM email address update by Sebastian [1992322] PATCH: fix
com
pilat
ion
of bochs 2.3.7 on bigendian machines by Hans de Go
ed
e [1991280] Shutdown status code 0Ch handler by Sebastian [1990108] Shutdown status code 0Bh handler by Sebastian [1988907] Shutdown status code 0Ah handler by Sebastian [1984467] two typos in a release! (2.3.7) [1981505] Init PIIX4 PCI to ISA bridge and IDE by Sebastian - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
/fix
ed
[2784148] an integer overflow BUG of Bochs-2.3.7 source code [2695273] MSVC cpu.dsp failure in 2.3.7.zip [616114] Snapshot/Copy crash on Win2K [2628318] 'VGABIOS-latest' bug [1945055] can't 'make install' lastest bochs on loepard [2031993] Mac OS X Makefile bug [1843199] install error on mac osx [2710931] Problem
com
piling both instrumentat
ion
and debugger [2617003] Except
ion
Info conflicts with OS X api [2609432] stepping causes segfault (CVS) [2605861]
com
pile error with --enable-smp [1757068] current cvs(Jul19, 07) fail
ed
to boot smp [2426271] cannot get correct symbol entry [2471982] VGA character height glitches [1659659] wrong behaviour a20 at boot [1998027] minwg + --with-term + --with-out-win32 = link failure [1871936] bochs-2.3.6 make fails on wx.cc [1684666] info idt for long mode [2105989] could not read() hard drive image file at byte 269824 [1173093] Debugger totally not supports x86-64 [1803018] new win32debug dialog problems [2141679] windows vcc build broken [2162824] latest cvs fails to
com
pile [2164506] latest bochs fails to start [2129223] MOV reg16, SS not working in real mode due to dead code [2106514] RIS / startrom.
com
install ALMOST works [2123358] SMP (HTT): wbinvd execut
ed
by CPU1 crashes CPU0 [2002758] Arch Linux: >>PANIC<< ATAPI
com
mand with zero byte count [2026501] El Torito incorrect boot segment:offset [2029758] BEV can return via retf instead of int 18h [2010173] x
com
mand breaks after one error about x/s or x/i [1830665] harddrv PANIC: ATAPI
com
mand with zero byte count [1985387] fail to make using gcc4 with --enable-debugger [1990187] testform fe
ed
back [1992138] Misspell in cpu/ia_opcodes.h - these S.F. feature requests were clos
ed
/implement
ed
[2175153] Update MSVC project files [658800] front end program and bios [1883370] Make cd and floppy images more usable [422783] change floppy size without restarting [2552685] param tree names should be case insensitive [1214659] PC Speaker emu turnoff. Plugin Controll. [1977045] support 40 bit physical address [1506385] Intel Core Duo VT features [1429015] Support for user plugins [1488136] debugger access to floppy controller [1363136] Full debugger SMP and 64 bit support [2068304] Support for ACPI [431032] debugger "x"
com
mand [423420] profiling ideas (SMF) [445342] Add FM support? [928439] alsa ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.3.7 (June 3, 2008): Brief summary : + More optimizat
ion
s in CPU code - Bochs 2.3.7 is more than 2x faster than Bochs 2.3.5 build ! - Implement
ed
LBA48 support in BIOS - Add
ed
memory access tracing for Bochs internal debugger - Implement
ed
Intel(R) XSAVE/XRSTOR and AES instruct
ion
set extens
ion
s - Many fixes in CPU emulat
ion
and internal debugger - MenuetOS64 floppy images booting perfect again ! - updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.6b Detail
ed
change log : - CPU - Support of XSAVE/XRSTOR CPU extens
ion
s, to enable configure with --enable-xsave opt
ion
- Support of AES CPU extens
ion
s, to enable configure with --enable-aes opt
ion
- Fix
ed
Bochs failure on RISC host machines with BxRepeatSpe
ed
ups optimizat
ion
enabl
ed
- Implement
ed
SYSENTER/SYSEXIT instruct
ion
s in long mode - More than 100 bugfixes for CPU emulat
ion
correctness (both x86 and x86-64) - MenuetOS64 floppy images booting perfect again ! - Updat
ed
CPU instrumentat
ion
callbacks - Bochs Internal Debugger and Disassembler - Add
ed
memory access tracing for Bochs internal debugger, enable by typing 'trace-mem on' in debugger
com
mand line - Many bug fixes in Bochs internal debugger and disassembler - System BIOS (Volker) - Implement
ed
LBA48 support - Add
ed
generat
ion
of SSDT ACPI table that contains definit
ion
s for available processors - Add
ed
RTC device to ACPI DSDT table - Add
ed
implementat
ion
of SMBIOS - I/O devices (Volker) - VGA - Implement
ed
screen disable bit in sequencer register #1 - Implement
ed
text mode cursor blinking - Serial - new serial modes 'pipe-server' and 'pipe-client' for win32 - new serial mode 'socket-server' - Configure and
com
pile - Fix
ed
configure bug with enabling of POPCNT instruct
ion
, POPCNT instruct
ion
should be enabl
ed
by default when SSE4.2 is enabl
ed
. - Remov
ed
--enable-magic-breakpoint configure opt
ion
. The opt
ion
is automatically enabl
ed
if Bochs internal debugger is
com
pil
ed
in. It is still possible to turn on/off the feature through .bochsrc. - Allow boot from
network
opt
ion
in .bochsrc - Add
ed
Bochs vers
ion
info for Win32 - Display libraries - implement
ed
text mode character blinking in some guis - improv
ed
'X' gui runtime dialogs - SF patches appli
ed
[1980833] Fix shutdown status code 5h handler by Kevin O'Connor [1928848] "pipe" mode for serial port (win32 only) by Eugene Toder [1956843] Set the
com
patible pci interrupt router back to PIIX by Sebastian [1956366] Do not anno
unc
e C2 & C3 cpu power state support by Igor Lvovsky [1921733] support for LBA48 by Robert Millan [1938185] Fix link problem with --enable-debugger by Sebastian [1938182] Makefile.in - use @IODEV_LIB_VAR@ by Sebastian [1928945] fix for legacy rombios - e820 map and ACPI_DATA_SIZE by Sebastian [1925578] rombios32.c - fix ram_size in ram_probe for low memory setup by Sebastian [1908921] rombios32.c - move uuid_probe() call by Sebastian [1928902] improvements to
load
-symbols by Eugene Toder [1925568] PATCH: msvc
com
pilat
ion
by Eugene Toder [1913150] rombios.c - e820 cover full size if memory <= 16 mb by Alexander van Heukelum [1919804] rombios.c - fix and add #ifdef
com
ments by Sebastian [1909782] rombios.c - remove segment values from
com
ment by Sebastian [1908918] SMBIOS - BIOS characteristics fix by Sebastian [1901027] BIOS boot menu support (take 3) [1902579] rombios32.c - define pci ids by Sebastian [1859447] Pass segment:offset to put_str and introduce %S by Sebastian [1889057] rombios.c - boot failure message by Sebastian [1891469] rombios.c - print BEV product string by Sebastian [1889851] Win32 vers
ion
informat
ion
FILEVERS
ION
for bochs.exe by Sebastian [1889042] rombios.c - fix
com
ment by Sebastian [1881500] bochsrc, allow boot:
network
by Sebastian [1880755] Win32 vers
ion
informat
ion
for bochs.exe by Sebastian [1880471] SMBIOS fix type 0 by Sebastian [1878558] SMBIOS fixes by Sebastian [1864692] SMBIOS support by Filip Navara [1865105] Move bios_table_area_end to 0xcc00 by Sebastian [1875414] Makefile.in - change make use by Sebastian [1874276] Add
ed
instrumentat
ion
for sysenter/sysexit by Lluis [1873221] TLB page flush: add logical address to instrumentat
ion
by Lluis [1830626] lba32 support by Samuel Thibault [1861839] Move opt
ion
rom scan after floppy and hard drive post by Sebastian [1838283] Early vga bios init by Sebastian [1838272] rom_scan range parameter by Sebastian [1864680] Save CPUID signature by Filip Navara - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
[1976171] Keyboard missing break code for enter (0x9C) [666433] physical read/write breakpoint sometimes fails [1744820] info gdt and info idt shows the entire tables [1755652] graphics: MenuetOS64 shows black screen [1782207] Windows Installer malf
unc
t
ion
, Host=Linux, Guest=Win98SE [1697762] OS/2 Warp Install Fail
ed
[1952548] String to char * warnings [1940714] SYSENTER/SYSEXIT doesn't work in long mode [1422342] SYSRET errors [1923803] legacy rombios - e820 map and ACPI_DATA_SIZE [1936132] Link problem with --enable-debugger & --enable-disasm [1934477] Linear address wrap is not working [1424984] virtual machine freezes in Bochs 2.2.6 [1902928] with debugger cpu_loop leaves CPU with unstable state [1898929] Bochs VESA BIOS violates specs (banks == 1) [1569256] bug in datasegment change in long mode [1830662] ACPI: no DMI BIOS year, acpi=force is requir
ed
[1868806] VGA blink enable & screen disable [1875721] Bit "Access
ed
" in LDT/GDT descriptors & #PF [1874124] bx_Instruct
ion
_c::ilen() const [1873488] bochs-2.3.6 make fails on dbg_main.cc - these S.F. feature requests were implement
ed
[1422769] SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support in x86-64 mode [1847955] Vers
ion
informat
ion
for bochs(dbg).exe [939797] SMBIOS support ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.3.6 (December 24, 2007): Brief summary : + More than 25% emulat
ion
spe
ed
up vs Bochs 2.3.5 release! - Thanks to Darek Mihocka (http://www.emulators.
com
) for providing patches and ideas that made the spe
ed
up possible! + Up to 40% spe
ed
up vs Bochs 2.3.5 release with trace cache optimizat
ion
! - Lots of bugfixes in CPU emulat
ion
- Bochs benchmarking support - Add
ed
emulat
ion
of Intel SSE4.2 instruct
ion
set Detail
ed
change log : - CPU - Add
ed
emulat
ion
of SSE4.2 instruct
ion
set, to enable use --enable-sse=4 --enable-sse-extens
ion
configure opt
ion
s to enable POPCNT instruct
ion
only use configure opt
ion
--enable-popcnt - Implement
ed
MTRR emulat
ion
, to enable use --enable-mtrr configure opt
ion
. MTRRs is enabl
ed
by default when cpu-level >= 6. - Implement
ed
experimental MONITOR/MWAIT support including optimiz
ed
MWAIT CPU state and hardware monitoring of physical address range, to enable use --enable-monitor-mwait configure opt
ion
. - Remov
ed
hostasm optimizat
ion
s, after Bochs rebenchmarking it was found that the feature bringing no spe
ed
up or even sometimes slows down emulat
ion
! - Merg
ed
trace cache optimizat
ion
patch, the trace cache optimizat
ion
is enabl
ed
by default when configure with --enable-all-optimizat
ion
s opt
ion
, to disable trace cache optimizat
ion
configure with --disable-trace-cache - Many minor bugfixes in CPU emulat
ion
(both ia32 and x86-64) - Updat
ed
CPU instrumentat
ion
callbacks - Bochs Internal Debugger and Disassembler - Many fixes in Bochs internal debugger and disassembler, some debugger interfaces significantly chang
ed
due transit
ion
to the param tree architecture - Add
ed
support for restoring of the CPU state from external file directly from Bochs debugger - Configure and
com
pile - Renam
ed
configure opt
ion
--enable-4meg-pages to --enable-large-pages. The opt
ion
enables page size extens
ion
s (PSE) which refers to 2M pages as well. - Remov
ed
--enable-save-restore configure opt
ion
, save/restore feature chang
ed
to be one of the basic Bochs features and
com
pil
ed
by default for all configurat
ion
s. - Add
ed
new Bochs benchmark mode. To run Bochs in benchmark mode execute it with new
com
mand line opt
ion
'bochs -benchmark time'. The emulat
ion
will be automatically stopp
ed
after 'time' mill
ion
s of emulat
ion
cycles execut
ed
. - Another very useful opt
ion
for benchmarking of Bochs could be enabl
ed
using new 'print_timestamps' directive from .bochsrc: print_timestamps: enable=1 - Add
ed
--enable-show-ips opt
ion
to all configurat
ion
scripts us
ed
to build release binaries, so all future releases will enjoy IPS display. - Enable alignment check in the CPU and #AC except
ion
by default for --cpu-level >= 4 (like in real hardware) - SF patches appli
ed
[1491207] Trace Cache Spe
ed
up patch by Stanislav [1857149] Define some IPL values by Sebastian [1850183] Get memory access mode in BX_INSTR_LIN_READ by Lluis Vilanova [1841421] pic: keep slave_pic.INT and master_pic.IRQ_in bit 2 in sync by Russ Cox [1841420] give segment numbers in except
ion
logs by Russ Cox [1801696] Allow Intel builds on Mac OS X [1830658] Fix >32GB disk banner by Samuel Thibault [1813314] Move #define IPL_* and typ
ed
ef ipl_entry by Sebastian [1809001] Save PnP Opt
ion
ROM Product Name string in IPL Boot Table by Sebastian [1821242] Fix for #1801285, Niclist.exe broken by Sebastian [1819567] Code warning cleanup [1816162] Update
com
ment on bios_printf() by Sebastian [1811139] Trivial Fix when BX_PCIBIOS and BX_ROMBIOS32 not defin
ed
by Myles Watson [1811190] Improve HD recognit
ion
and CD boot by Myles Watson [1811860] Implement %X in bios_printf by Sebastian [1809649] printf %lx %ld %lu by Myles Watson [1809651] move BX_SUPPORT_FLOPPY by Myles Watson [1809652] dpte and Int13DPT fixes by Myles Watson [1809669] clip cylinders to 16383 in hard drive by Myles Watson [1799903] Build BIOS on amd64 by Robert Millan [1799877] Fix for parallel build (make -j2) by Robert Millan - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
[1837354] website bug: View the Source link broken [1801268] Reset from real mode no longer working [1843250] Using forward slashes gives invalid filename [1823446] BIOS bug, local APIC #0 not detect
ed
[1801285] Niclist.exe broken [1364472] breakpoints sometimes don't work [994451] breakpoint bug [1801295] NSIS installer vs Windows Notepad [1715328] Unreal mode quirk [1503972] debugger doesn't debug first instruct
ion
on except
ion
[1069071] div al, byte ptr [ds:0x7c18] fails to execute [1800080] Wrong "BX_MAX_SMP_THREADS_SUPPORT
ED
" assert
ion
- these S.F. feature requests were implement
ed
[1662687] Down
load
for Win32-exe with x64 Mode and debugging [604221] Debugger
com
mand: query lin->phys mapping ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.3.5 (September 16, 2007): Brief summary : - Critical problems fix
ed
for x86-64 support in CPU and Bochs internal debugger - ACPI support - The release
com
pil
ed
with x86-64 and ACPI - Hard disk emulat
ion
supports ATA-6 (LBA48 addressing, UDMA modes) - Add
ed
emulat
ion
of Intel SSE4.1 instruct
ion
set Detail
ed
change log : - CPU - Fix
ed
critical bug with 0x90 opcode (NOP) handling in x86-64 mode - impli
ed
stack references where the stack address is not in canonical form should causes a stack except
ion
(#SS) - Add
ed
emulat
ion
of SSE4.1 instruct
ion
set (Stanislav) - Do not save and restore XMM8-XMM15 registers when not in x86-64 mode - Fix
ed
zero upper 32-bit part of GPR in x86-64 mode - CMOV_Gd
Ed
should zero upper 32-bit part of GPR register even if the 'cmov' condit
ion
was false ! - Implement
ed
CLFLUSH instruct
ion
, report non-zero cache size in CPUID - Fix
ed
PUSHA/POPA instruct
ion
s behavior in real mode - Fix
ed
detect
ion
of inexact result by FPU - Fix
ed
denormals-are-zero (DAZ) handling by SSE convert instruct
ion
s - Implement
ed
Misalign
ed
Except
ion
Mask support for SSE (MXCSR[17]) - Implement
ed
Alignment Check in the CPU and #AC except
ion
, to enable use --enable-alignment-check configure opt
ion
- General - 2nd simulat
ion
support in wxBochs now almost usable (simulat
ion
cleanup code add
ed
and memory leaks fix
ed
) - Configure and
com
pile - several fixes for MacOSX, OpenBSD and Solaris 10 - enable save/restore feature by default for all configurat
ion
s - reorganiz
ed
SSE configure opt
ion
s to match Intel(R) Programming Reference Manual, new opt
ion
introduc
ed
for SSE extens
ion
s enabling. To enable Intel Core Duo 2 new instruct
ion
s use --enable-sse=3 --enable-sse-extens
ion
enabling of SSE4.1 (--enable-sse=4) will enable SSE3 extens
ion
s as well - remov
ed
old PIT, always use new PIT written by Greg Alexander, remov
ed
configure opt
ion
--enable-new-pit - I/O devices (Volker) - Floppy - partial non-DMA mode support (patch by John
Com
eau) - Hard drive / cdrom - hard disk emulat
ion
now supports ATA-6 (LBA48 addressing, UDMA modes) - VMWare vers
ion
4 disk image support add
ed
(patch by Sharvil Nanavati) - PCI - initial support for the PIIX4 ACPI controller - Serial - add
ed
support for 3-button mouse with Mousesystems protocol - USB - experimental USB device change support add
ed
- rewrite of the existing USB devices code - new USB devices 'disk' and 'tablet' (port
ed
from the Qemu project) - Bochs internal debugger - fix
ed
broken debugger "rc file" opt
ion
(execute debugger
com
mand from file) - implementat
ion
of a gui frontend ("windebug") for win32 start
ed
- gdbstub now accepts connect
ion
from any host - several documentat
ion
updates - a lot of disasm and internal debugger x86_64 support fixes - Configurat
ion
interface - fixes and improvements to the save state dialog handling - Display libraries - text mode color handling improv
ed
in some guis - win32 fullscreen mode (patch by John
Com
eau) - System BIOS (Volker) - 32-bit PM BIOS init code for ACPI, PCI, SMP and SMM (initial patches by Fabrice Bellard) - PCI BIOS f
unc
t
ion
"find class code" implement
ed
- SF patches appli
ed
[1791000] 15h 8600h is reading the wrong stack frame by Sebastian [1791016] rombios32.c, ram_probe(), BX_INFO missing value by Sebastian [1786429] typo in bochsrc.5 by Sebastian [1785204] Extend acpi_build_table_header to accept a revis
ion
number by Sebastian [1766536] Partial Patch for Bug Report 1549873 by Ben Lunt [1763578] ACPI Table Revis
ion
0 -> 1 [1642490] implement alignment check and #AC except
ion
by Stanislav Shwartsman [1695652] [PATCH] .pcap pktlog and vnet PXE boot by Duane Voth [1741153] Add expans
ion
-ROM boot support to the ROMBIOS [1734159] Implement
ed
INT15h, fn 0xC2 (mouse), subfn 3, set resolut
ion
[1712970] bios_printf %s fix [1573297] PUSHA/POPA real mode fix by Stanislav Shwartsman [1641816] partial support for non-DMA access to floppy by John
Com
eau [1624032] shows where write outside of memory occurr
ed
by John
Com
eau [1607793] allow fullscreen when app requests it by John
Com
eau [1603013] Bugfix for major NOP problem on x64 by mvysin [1600178] Make tap and tuntap
com
pile on OpenBSD by Jonathan Gray [1149659] improve gdbstub
network
efficiency by Avi Kivity [1554502] Trivial FPU except
ion
handling fix - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
[1316008] Double faults when it shouldn't - gcc 4.0.2 [1787289] broken ABI for r
ed
olog class when enable-
com
press
ed
-hd [1787500] tftp_send_optack not 64bit clean [1264540] Security issue with Bochs website [1767217] Debugger Faults including ud2 [1729822] Various security issues in io device emulat
ion
[1675202] mptable hos
ed
(bad entry count in header) [1197141] 'make install' installs to bad locat
ion
[1157623] x86Solaris10 cannot recoginize ACPI RSD PTR [1768254] large HDD in Bochs/bximage [1496157] Windows Vista Beta2 dosn't boot [1755915] Illegal Hard Disk Signature Output [1717790] info gdt and info idt scrolls away, too long result [1726640] Debugger displays incorrect segment for mov instruct
ion
[1719156] Typo in misc_mem.cpp [1715270] Debugger broken in/beyond 2.3 [1689107] v8086 mode privil
ed
ge check fail
ed
[1704484] A few checks when CPU_LEVEL < 4 [1678395] Problem with zero sector... [876990] SA-RTL OS fails on PIC configurat
ion
[1673582] save/restore didn't restore simulat
ion
correctly [1586662]
ED
D int 13h bug, modify eax [666618] POP_A Panic in DOS EMU [1001485] panic: not enough bytes on stack [1667336] delay times an order of magnitude slow [1665601] crash disassembling bootcode [1657065] CVS sources won't
com
pile [1653805] bochs's gdbstub uses incorrect protocol [1640737] ASM sti
com
mand frezzes guest OS [1636439] latest CVS sources don't
com
pile under Cygwin [1634357] disasm incorrect (no sign ext) displacement in 64-bit mode [1376453] pcidev segfaults bochs [1180890] IOAPIC in BOCHS - WinXP 64 in MP vers
ion
[1597528] 2.3 fails to
com
pile on amd64 [1526255] FLD1 broken when
com
paling with gcc 4.0.x [1597451] eth_fbsd is broken under FreeBSD [1571949] Bochs will not
com
pile under Solaris [1500216] Bochs fails to boot BeOs CD [1458339] bochs-2.2.6 WinXP Binary ACPI error installing FreeBSD 6.0 [1440011] patches ne
ed
ed
for FreeBSD 6.0 to
com
pile Bochs [431674] some devices don't have a prefix [458150] QNX demo disk crashes with new pit [818322] Bochs 2.1 cvs: OS/2 - read verify on non disk [906840] KBD: bogus scan codes generat
ed
in set 3 [1005053] No keyboard codes translat
ion
[1109374] Problem with Scancodeset 2 [1572345] Bochs won't continue [1568153] Bochs looks for (and
load
s?) unspecifi
ed
display libraries [1563462] Errors in /iodev/harddrv.h [1562172] TLB_init() fails to initialize priv_check array if USE_TLB 0 [1385303] debugger crashes after panic [1438227] crc.cpp missing in bx_debug vers
ion
2.2.6 [1501825] debugger crashes on to high input [1420959] Memory leak + buffer overflow in Bochs debugger [1553289] Error in Dis-assembler [542464] I cannot use FLAT [1548270] Bochs won't die with its pseudo terminal [1545588] roundAndPackFloatx80 does not detect round up correctly ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.3 (August 27, 2006): Brief summary : - limit
ed
save/restore support add
ed
(config + log opt
ion
s, hardware state) - configurat
ion
parameter handling rewritten to a parameter tree - lots of cpu and internal debugger fixes - hard disk geometry autodetect
ion
now support
ed
by most of the image types - hard disk emulat
ion
now supports ATA-3 (multiple sector transfers) - VBE memory size increas
ed
to 8MB and several VGA/VBE fixes - updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.6a Detail
ed
change log : - CPU and internal debugger fixes - Fix
ed
bug in FSTENV instruct
ion
(Stanislav Shwartsman) - Recognize #XF except
ion
(19) when SSE is enabl
ed
- Fix
ed
bug in PSRAW/PSRAD MMX and SSE instruct
ion
s - Save and restore RIP/RSP only for FAULT-type except
ion
s, not for traps - Correctly decode, disassemble and execute multi-byte NOP '0F F1' opcode - Raise A20 line after system reset (Stanislav Shwartsman) - Implement
ed
SMI and NMI delivery (APIC) and handling in CPU (Stanislav) - Experimental implementat
ion
of System Management Mode (Stanislav) - Add
ed
emulat
ion
of SSE3E instruct
ion
s (Stanislav Shwarstman) - Save and restore FPU opcode, FIP and FDP in FXSAVE/FRSTOR instruct
ion
s - Fix
ed
bug in MOVD_
Ed
Vd opcode (always generat
ed
#UD except
ion
) - Fix
ed
critical issue, Bochs was not supporting > 16 bit LDT.LIMIT values - Many fixes in Bochs internal debugger and disassembler - CPU x86-64 fixes - Fix
ed
SYSRET instruct
ion
implementat
ion
- Fix
ed
bug in CALL/JMP far through 64-bit callgate in x86-64 mode - Correctly decode, disassemble and execute 'XCHG R8, rAX' instruct
ion
- Correctly decode and execute 'BSWAP R8-R15' instruct
ion
s - Fix
ed
ENTER and LEAVE instruct
ion
s in x86-64 mode (Stanislav) - Fix
ed
CR4 except
ion
condit
ion
(No Name) - Fix
ed
x86 debugger to support x86-64 mode (Stanislav) - APIC and SMP - Support for Dual Core and Intel(R) HyperThreading Technology. Now you could choose amount of cores per processor and amount of HT threads per core from .bochsrc for SMP simulat
ion
(Stanislav Shwartsman) - Allow to control SMP quantum value through .bochsrc CPU opt
ion
parameter. Previous Bochs vers
ion
s us
ed
hardcod
ed
quantum=5 value. - Fix
ed
interrupt priority bug in service_local_apic() - Fix
ed
again reading of APIC IRR/ISR/TMR registers. Finally it be
com
es fully correct :-) - Configure and
com
pile - Mov
ed
configure time --enable-reset-on-triple-fault opt
ion
to runtime, the 'cpu' opt
ion
in .bochsrc is extend
ed
and the old configure opt
ion
is deprecat
ed
(Stanislav Shwartsman) - Remov
ed
--enable-pni configure opt
ion
, to
com
pile with PNI use --enable-sse=3 instead (Stanislav Shwartsman) - enable SEP (SYSENTER/SYSEXIT) support by default for Penitum II+ processor emulat
ion
(i.e. if cpu-level >= 6 and MMX is enabl
ed
) - general - Limit
ed
save/restore support add
ed
. The state of CPU, memory and all devices can be sav
ed
now (state of harddisk images not handl
ed
yet). - Fix
ed
several memory leaks - configurat
ion
interface - Configurat
ion
parameter handling rewritten to a parameter tree. This is requir
ed
for dynamic menus/dialogs, user-defin
ed
opt
ion
s and save/restore. - Support for user-defin
ed
bochsrc opt
ion
s add
ed
- help support at the parameter prompt in textconfig add
ed
- I/O devices (Volker) - Floppy - partial sector transfers fix
ed
- Hard drive / cdrom - several fixes to the IDE register behaviour (e.g. in case of a channel with only one drive connect
ed
) - fix
ed
data alignment of 'growing' hard drive images (sharing images between Windows and Linux now possible) - disk geometry autodetect
ion
now support
ed
by most of the image types (unsupport
ed
: external, dll and
com
press
ed
modes) - multi sector read/write
com
mands implement
ed
- hard disk now reporting ATA-3 support
ed
- ATAPI 'inquiry' now returns a unique device name - Keyboard - reset sent to keyboard has no effect on the 8042 (scancode translat
ion
) - PCI - forward PIRQ register changes to the I/O APIC (if present) - attempt to fix and update the emulat
ion
part of 'pcidev' (untest
ed
) - VGA - VBE memory size increas
ed
to 8MB and several VBE fixes - VGA memory read access fix
ed
(bit plane access and read mode) - VGA memory is now a part of the
com
mon video memory - System BIOS (Volker) - enable interrupts before executing INT 19h - fix
ed
ATA device detect
ion
in case of one drive only connect
ed
to controller - improv
ed
INT 15h f
unc
t
ion
AX=E820h - real mode PCI BIOS now returns IRQ routing informat
ion
(f
unc
t
ion
0Eh) - keyboard L
ED
flags handling fix
ed
and improv
ed
- fix
ed
handling of extend
ed
keys in INT 09h - Updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.6a - SF patches appli
ed
[1340111] fixes and updates to usb support by Ben Lunt [1539420] minor addit
ion
to pci_usb code by Ben Lunt [1455958] call/jmp through call gate in 64-bit mode [1433107] PATCH: fix
com
pile with wxwindows 2.6 (unicode / utf8) by jwrdego
ed
e [1386671]
Com
bin
ed
dual core and hyper-threading patch - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
[833927] TTD: System Error TNT.40025: Unexpect
ed
processor except
ion
[789230] Sending code that shows lock up when setting idt [909670] Problems with Symantec Ghost [1540241] include missing in osdep.cc [1539373] Incorrect disasm for "mov moffset,bla" in 64bit [1538419] incorrect disassembly of [rip+disp] with rex.b [1535432] shift+cursor key maps to a digit [1504891] Knoopix 5.0.1 error [1424355] bochs-2.2.6 ata failure in windoze 98se [1533979] wrong disassembly of IN instruct
ion
[620059] paste won't stop [1164904] status bar doesn't show num/caps/scroll lock status [1061720] ATA Support level for HD [1522196] Broken CHANGES link in main page [1438415] crash if screen scroll
ed
downwards [778441] Shouldn't interrupts be enable after BIOS? [1514949] I got a problem with the 8253 timer [1513544] disasm of 0xec (in AL,DX) returns ilen of 2 instead of 1 [1508947] APIC interrupt priority checking and interrupt delivery [766286] Debugger halts after any GPF except
ion
[639143] va_list is not a pointer on linuxppc [1501815] debugger examines memory over page-boundary wrong [1503978] movsb/w/d doesn't work when direct
ion
is stor
ed
[1499405] WinPCap has chang
ed
URL hosting [1498519] APIC IRR bits not set while interrupts disabl
ed
[1498193] Bochs segfaults on LTR instruct
ion
[787140] Guest2HostTLB optimizat
ion
bug [1492070] instrument stop [1487772] No SEP on P4 [1488335] Growing hard disk images severe interoperability errors! [1076312] Shadow RAM and TLB [1282249] The real i440FX chipset Award bios hangs [1479763] mistake "mov ax,[es:di]" for "mov ax,[ds:di]" [1453575] Misconfigur
ed
floppy DMA transfers do not terminate. [1460068] Incorrect handling for the Opt
ion
s Menu Item [910203] bochs-2.1.1 wx.lo fail
ed
[1438654] PANIC when trying to run install-amd64-minimal-2005.0.iso [1458320]
com
pile hdimage.h fails [1455880] bochs-2.2.6,2: make error on FreeBSD [696890]
Network
wouldn't run under W2k hosting MSDOS [673391] SMP timer problems [1291059] wxWindows GUI on non-windows/configure issue [1356450] bochs 2.2.1 errors-omitt
ion
s [1178017] Win98 guest cannot receive
network
packets from host [1076315] a20_mask after restarting [1436323] real hw does not panic when bad Ib in CMPSS_VssWssIb [1435269] cdrom_amigaos is not
com
pilable [1433314] disasm issues [1170614] relative jumps/calls wrong in debugger [758121] user might get confus
ed
when interrupt handler invok
ed
[1170622] You cannot toggle OFF "show" flags [1406387] JMP instruct
ion
should display absolute address [1428813] PANIC: ROM address space out of range [1426288] DR-DOSs EMM386 problem [1412036] Bochs cannot recognize PCI NIC correctly [435115] dbg: modebp broken and no docs [1419366] disasm cs:eip does not work anymore [1419393] SSE's #XF except
ion
-> "except
ion
(19): bad vector" [1419429] disassembly of "260f6f00" show DS: instead of ES: prefix [1417583] Interrupt behaviour chang
ed
from 2.2.1 to 2.2.5 [1418281] 'push' (6A) incorrectly disassembl
ed
[1417791] FLDENV generating except
ion
when real hw does not. [1264583] OS/2 1.1 doesn't run ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.2.6 (January 29, 2006): - First major SMP release ! - several APIC and I/O APIC fixes make SMP Bochs booting Windows NT4.0 or Knoppix 4.0.2 without noapic kernel opt
ion
in SMP configurat
ion
. - critical APIC timer bug fix
ed
- obsolete SMP BIOS images remov
ed
(MP tables creat
ed
dynamicaly) - determine number of processors in SMP configurat
ion
through .bochsrc new .bochsrc opt
ion
'CPU' allows to choose number of processors to emulate - new configure opt
ion
--enable-smp to configure Bochs for SMP support, the old --enable-processors=N opt
ion
is deprecat
ed
- CPU and internal debugger fixes - enabl
ed
#PCE bit in CR4 register, previosly setting of this bit generat
ed
#GP(0) fault - enabl
ed
LAHF/SAHF instruct
ion
s in x86-64 mode - fix
ed
bug in PMULUDQ SSE2 instruct
ion
- fixes in Bochs debugger - Configure and
com
pile - enable VME (virtual 8086 mode extens
ion
s) by default if cpu-level >= 5 - enable Bochs disassembler by default for all configurat
ion
s - win32 installer script improvements - ips parameter mov
ed
to new 'CPU' opt
ion
- show IPS value in status bar if BX_SHOW_IPS is enabl
ed
- Other - several fixes in the hard drive, keyboard, timer, usb and vga code - new user button shortcut "bksl" (backslash) - updat
ed
Bochs instrumentat
ion
examples - user and development documentat
ion
improv
ed
------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.2.5 (December 30, 2005): Brief summary : - add
ed
virtual 8086 mode extens
ion
s (VME) implementat
ion
- several fixes/improvements in x86-64 emulat
ion
, debugger and disassembler - new serial mode 'socket' connects a
network
socket - IDE busmaster DMA feature for harddisks and cdroms
com
plet
ed
and enabl
ed
- many improvements in Bochs emulat
ed
I/O devices (e.g. floppy, cdrom) - Updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.5d Detail
ed
change log : - CPU - fix
ed
XMM registers restore in FXRSTOR instruct
ion
(Andrej Palkovsky) - print registers dump to the log if tripple fault occur
ed
- fix
ed
PANIC in LTR instruct
ion
(Stanislav) - add
ed
virtual 8086 mode extens
ion
s (VME) implementat
ion
, to enable configure with --enable-vme (Stanislav) - flush caches and TLBs when executing WBINVD and INVD instruct
ion
s - do not modify segment limit and AR bytes when modifying segment register in real mode (support for unreal mode) - fix
ed
init/reset values for LDTR and TR registers - reimplement
ed
hardware task switching mechanism (Stanislav) - generate #GP(0) when fetching instruct
ion
cross segment boundary - CPU (x86-64) (Stanislav Shwartsman) - implement
ed
call_far/ret_far/jmp_far instruct
ion
s in long mode - fix
ed
IRET operat
ion
in long mode - fix
ed
bug prevent
ed
setting of NXE/FFXSR bits in MSR.EFER register - implement
ed
RDTSCP instruct
ion
- do not check CS.limit when prefetching instruct
ion
s in long mode - fix
ed
mask
ed
write instruct
ion
s (MASKMOVQ/MASKMOVDQU) in long mode - fetchdecode fixes for x86-64 - APIC - Fix
ed
bug in changing local APIC id (Stanislav) - Fix
ed
reading of IRR/ISR/TMR registers (patch by wmrieker) - Implement
ed
spurious interrupt register (Stanislav, patch by wmrieker) - Fix
ed
interrupt delivery bug (anonymous #SF patch) - Correctly implement
ed
ESR APIC register (Stanislav) - Bochs debugger - Fix
ed
bug in bochs debugger caus
ed
breakpoints doesn't fire sometimes (Alexander Krisak) - watchpoints in device memory fix
ed
(Nickolai Zeldovich) - new debug interface to access Bochs CPU general purpose registers with support for x86-64 - Disassembler (Stanislav Shwartsman) - Fix
ed
disassembly for F
COM
I/FU
COM
I instruct
ion
s - Full x86-64 support in disassembler. The disassembler module extend
ed
to support x86-64 extens
ion
s. Still limit
ed
by Bochs debugger which is not supporting x86-64 at all ;( - I/O devices (Volker) - general - memory management prepar
ed
for large BIOS images (up to 512k) - slowdown timer sleep rate fix
ed
(now using 1 msec on all platforms) - some device specific parameter handlers mov
ed
into the device code - serial - new serial mode 'socket' connects a
network
socket (#SF patch by Andrew Backer) - hard drive / cdrom - assign a unique serial number to each drive (fixes harddrive detect
ion
problems with Linux kernels 2.6.x: "ignoring undecod
ed
slave") - geometry autodetect
ion
for 'flat' hard disk images add
ed
. Works with images creat
ed
with bximage (heads = 16, sectors per track = 63) - ATAPI
com
mand 'read cd' implement
ed
, some other
com
mands improv
ed
- cdrom read block f
unc
t
ion
now tries up to 3 times before giving up - emulat
ion
of raw cdrom reads add
ed
, some other lowlevel cdrom fixes - IDE busmaster DMA feature for harddisks and cdroms
com
plet
ed
and enabl
ed
- disk image size limit chang
ed
from 32 to 127 GB - split ATA/ATAPI emulat
ion
code and image handling code - floppy - fixes for OS/2 (patch by Robin Kay) - disk change line behaviour fix
ed
(initial patch by Ben Lunt) - end-of-track (EOT) condit
ion
handling implement
ed
- more accurate timing for read/write data and format track
com
mands using a motor spe
ed
of 300 RPM - timing of recalibrate and seek
com
mands now depends on the step rate, date rate and the steps to do - floppy controller type chang
ed
to 82077AA - cmos - RTC 12-hour and binary mode implement
ed
- number of CMOS registers chang
ed
from 64 to 128 - bochsrc opt
ion
'cmosimage' improv
ed
- save cmos image on exit if enabl
ed
- speaker - simple speaker support for OS X add
ed
(patch by brianonn@telus.net) - pci - BeOS boot failure fix in the PCI IDE code - don't register i/o and memory reg
ion
s during PCI probe - vga - memory allocat
ion
for vga extens
ion
s fix
ed
- usb - some bugfixes by Ben Lunt (mouse and keypad are usable now) -
network
ing modules - VDE
network
ing module now enabl
ed
on Linux - display libraries - general - new syntax for the userbutton shortcut string and more keys support
ed
- win32 - fix
ed
keycode generat
ion
for right alt/ctrl/shift keys - runtime dialog is now a property sheet - x11 - simple dialog boxes for the "ask" and "user shortcut" feature implement
ed
- Slovenian keymap add
ed
(contribut
ed
by Mitja Ursic) - configurat
ion
interface - ask dialog is now enabl
ed
by default for win32, wx and x display libraries - bochsrc opt
ion
floppy_
com
mand_delay is obsolete now (floppy timing now bas
ed
on hardware specs) - floppy image size detect
ion
now available in the whole config interface - some device specific parameter handlers mov
ed
into the device code - calculate BIOS ROM start address from image if not specifi
ed
- System BIOS (Volker) - PCI i/o and memory base address initializat
ion
add
ed
- several keyboard interrupt handler fixes (e.g. patch by japheth) - several floppy fixes (e.g. OS/2 works with patch by Robin Kay) - some more APM f
unc
t
ion
s add
ed
- Updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.5d - generate SMP specific tables dynamicly by the Bochs memory init code - SF patches appli
ed
[1389776] Disk sizes over 64 Gbytes by Andrzej Zaborowski [1359162] disasm support for x86-64 by Stanislav Shwartsman [857235] task priority and other APIC bugs, etc by wmrieker [1359011] build breaks for 386 + debugger + disasm by shirokuma [1352761] Infinite loop when trying to debug a triple except
ion
[1311170] small APIC bug fix (interrupt sent to the wrong CPU) [1309763] Watchpoints don't work in device memory by Nickolai Zeldovich [1294930] change line status on floppy by Ben Lunt [1282033] SSE FXRESTORE not working correctly by Ondrej Palkovsky [816979] wget generalizat
ion
s by Lyndon Nerenberg [1214886] No more pageWriteStamp / unifi
ed
icache by H. Johansson [1107945]
com
->socket r
ed
irect
ion
support by Andrew Backer - these S.F. bugs were clos
ed
[669180] win95 install : unknown SET FEATURES sub
com
mand 0x03 [1346692] bochs 2.2.1 VGA BIOS error [1354963] floppy in KolibriOS [1378204] error: bochs-2.2.1, --enable-sb16, --disable-gameport [1368412] VDE problems in BOCHS [533446] CPU and APIC devices appear twice [1000796] bximage fails to create image of specifi
ed
size [1170793] Quarterdeck QEMM doesn't work [923704] Multiple opcode prefixes don't reflect Trap 13 [1166392] DocBook/documentat
ion
issues [1368239] broken grater than 4GB size of sparse type hd image [1365830] i386
com
pile breaks on paging [427550] In
com
plete IRETD implementat
ion
[1215081] MSVC workspace STILL not fix
ed
[736279] Jump to Task [1356488] FD change fail & occur error [957615] [CPU ] prefetch: RIP > CS.limit [1353866] not booting linux-2.6.14 [1351667]
load
32bitOSImage does not work with --enable-x86-debugger [1217476] Incorrect (?) handling of segment registers in real mode [1184711] OS2 DOS crash [2.2.pre2] [624330] support for disks > 32GiB [1348368] bochs 2.2.1 bximage error [1342081] Configurat
ion
Menu opt
ion
fail
ed
[1138616] OS/2 Warp 4 hangs when booting [1049840] mouse and video conflict [1164570] Unable to perform F
ed
ora Core 4 test 1 installat
ion
[1183201] Windows 2000 (MSDN build 2150?) does not
com
pletely install [1194284] Can't boot from CD-ROM (Windows NT) [962969] Windows NT crashes while trying to intall them. [1054594] WinXP install halts (r
ed
o) [1153107] Windows XP fails with BSOD on 'vga' [938518] Win XP installat
ion
fails [645420] getHostMemAddr veto
ed
direct read [1179985] MS XENIX: >>PANIC<< VGABIOS panic at vgabios.c, line 0 [1329600] WBINVD and INVD should flush caches and TLB [638924] eliminate BX_USE_CONFIG_INTERFACE [1048711] Funny behaviour with CTRL [1288450] keyboard BIOS error [1310706] Keyboard - about key SHIFT [1295981] Ubuntu 5.04 Live-CD won't boot in Bochs [879047] APIC timer behavior different before reset and after [1188506] I still can't install the german Windows XP! [1301847] Windows XP dosn't boot - FXRSTOR problem ? [661259] does not boot QNX under WinX [924412] Keyboard lock states all whack
ed
[681127] MIPSpro
com
piler (IRIX) is allergic to ^M [1285923] BIOS keyboard handler [516639] ATA controller revisit
ed
... [657918] does not boot BeOS under WinX [649245] BeOS CD locks halfway on boot [1094385] Attachment for bug 1090339 (beos failure) [1183196] BeOS 4.5 developer CD does not install [1090339] BeOS fails to boot [639484] panics when int 13 is call
ed
[711701] divide by zero [704295] ATAPI/BIOS call missing [682856] hard drive problems [627691] Cursor keys problem [588011] keyboard not working [542260] os/2 warp crashes with floppy handling [1273878] SB16 doesn't work in pure DOS [542254] OS/2 FDC driver dies [1099610] Windows 98 SE Does not install [875479] cr3 problem on task switch [731423] NE2000 causing PANIC on Win2K detect
ion
[1156155] bochs fails to boot plan9 iso [1251979] --enable-cpu-level=3 should assume --without-fpu [1257538] Interupt 15h 83h - set wait event interval [658396] Panic for DR DOS emm386 [679339] /? doesn't divulge Bochs
com
mand-line syntax [1167016] call/jump/return_protect
ed
doesn't support x86-64 [1252432] Mac OS X
com
pile bug [881442] Bochs 2.1 PANIC when
load
ing DOS Turbo Pascal protect
ed
mode [1249324] Boch2.2.1 Buffer Overfollow in void bx_local_apic_c::init () [1197144] 'make install' has dependency on wget [1079595] LTR:386TSS:
load
ing tr.limit < 103 [1244070]
Com
pilat
ion
Error in gui/rfb.cc [761707] CPU error when trying to start Privateer [517281] Crash running Privateer in DOS... ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.2.1 (July 8, 2005): - Fix
ed
several
com
pilat
ion
warnings and errors for different platforms (Volker) - Fix
ed
FPU tag word restore in FXRSTOR instruct
ion
(Stanislav) - Add
ed
missing scancodes for F11 and F12 to BIOS translat
ion
table (Volker) - Bochs disassembler bugfixes (h.johansson) - About 5% emulat
ion
spe
ed
improvement (h.johansson) - Handle writing of zero to APIC timer initial count register (Stanislav) - Enable Idle-Hack for 'TERM' GUI (h.johansson) - R
ed
uc
ed
overhead of BX_SHOW_IPS opt
ion
to minimum. Now every simulat
ion
could run with --enable-show-ips without significant performance penalty. (Stanislav) - Fix
ed
pcipnic register access (Volker) - Limit
ed
write support for TFTP server in 'vnet'
network
ing module add
ed
(Volker) - Chang
ed
some timing defaults to more useful values (Volker) - WinXP/2003 style
com
mon controls now support
ed
(Vitaly Vorobyov) - Updat
ed
LGPL'd VGABIOS to vers
ion
0.5c (Volker) - Add
ed
new BX_INSTR_HLT callback to instrumentat
ion
(Stanislav) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in 2.2 (May 28, 2005): Brief summary : - New floating point emulator bas
ed
on SoftFloat floating point emulat
ion
library
. - improv
ed
x86-64 emulat
ion
- Cirrus SVGA card emulat
ion
add
ed
- status bar with indicators for keyboard, floppy, cdrom and disk (gui dependant) - many improvements in Bochs emulat
ed
I/O devices (e.g. PCI subsystem) Detail
ed
change log : - CPU - fixes for booting OS/2 by Dmitri Froloff - fix
ed
v8086 priveleg
ed
instruct
ion
processing bug (was also report
ed
by LightCone Aug 7 2003) - except
ion
process bug (was report
ed
by Diego Henriquez Sat Nov 15 01:16:51 CET 2003) - segment validat
ion
with IRET instruct
ion
- CS segment not present except
ion
processing with IRET - several fixes by Kevin Lawton - add MSVC host asm instruct
ion
s (patch by suzu) - fix
ed
bug in HADDPD/HSUBP
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m
unc
iat
ion
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ed
.”错误的
解决
方法...
错误环境:windows xp sp2,delphi7,远程MS SQL SERVER 2000企业版 错误情形:使用BDE连接远程的MS SQL SERVER 2000数据库,打开连接时出现“Db-
library
network
com
m
unc
iat
ion
s
layer
not
load
ed
.”错误提示
解决
方法:将Windows server 2003企业版下面的NTWDBLIB.DLL文...
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