mssql如何动态获取指定表名的字段的字段类型

[upwill]

rt

[水族杰纶]

--SQL2000与2005显示字段的详细信息
--SQL2000
SELECT 
(CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END) N'表名',
a.colorder N'字段序号',
a.name N'字段名',
(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'标识',
(CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
            (SELECT name
           FROM sysindexes
           WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
                     (SELECT indid
                    FROM sysindexkeys
                    WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
                              (SELECT colid
                             FROM syscolumns
                             WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
         (xtype = 'PK'))>0 THEN '√' ELSE '' END) N'主键',
b.name N'类型',
a.length N'占用字节数',
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') AS N'长度',
ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) AS N'小数位数',
(CASE WHEN a.isnullable=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'允许空',
ISNULL(e.text,'') N'默认值',
ISNULL(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明'

FROM syscolumns a 
LEFT JOIN systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
INNER JOIN sysobjects d on a.id=d.id AND d.xtype='U' AND d.name<>'dtproperties'
LEFT JOIN syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
LEFT JOIN sysproperties g on a.id=g.id AND a.colid=g.smallid  
WHERE 
d.name = '表名' --要查询的表
ORDER BY 
object_name(a.id), a.colorder


--SQL2005

SELECT 
(CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END) N'表名',
a.colorder N'字段序号',
a.name N'字段名',
(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'标识',
(CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
            (SELECT name
           FROM sysindexes
           WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
                     (SELECT indid
                    FROM sysindexkeys
                    WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
                              (SELECT colid
                             FROM syscolumns
                             WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
         (xtype = 'PK'))>0 THEN '√' ELSE '' END) N'主键',
b.name N'类型',
a.length N'占用字节数',
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') AS N'长度',
ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) AS N'小数位数',
(CASE WHEN a.isnullable=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'允许空',
ISNULL(e.text,'') N'默认值',
ISNULL(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明'

FROM syscolumns a 
LEFT JOIN systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
INNER JOIN sysobjects d on a.id=d.id AND d.xtype='U' AND d.name<>'dtproperties'
LEFT JOIN syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g on a.id=g.major_id AND a.colid=g.minor_id  
WHERE 
d.name = '表名' --要查询的表
ORDER BY 
object_name(a.id), a.colorder
 

[水族杰纶]

SQL code动态sql语句基本语法 
1 :普通SQL语句可以用Exec执行 

eg:   Select * from tableName 
         Exec('select * from tableName') 
         Exec sp_executesql N'select * from tableName'    -- 请注意字符串前一定要加N 

2:字段名，表名，数据库名之类作为变量时，必须用动态SQL 

eg:   
declare @fname varchar(20) 
set @fname = 'FiledName' 
Select @fname from tableName              -- 错误,不会提示错误，但结果为固定值FiledName,并非所要。 
Exec('select ' + @fname + ' from tableName')     -- 请注意 加号前后的 单引号的边上加空格 

当然将字符串改成变量的形式也可 
declare @fname varchar(20) 
set @fname = 'FiledName' --设置字段名 

declare @s varchar(1000) 
set @s = 'select ' + @fname + ' from tableName' 
Exec(@s)                -- 成功 
exec sp_executesql @s   -- 此句会报错 



declare @s Nvarchar(1000)  -- 注意此处改为nvarchar(1000) 
set @s = 'select ' + @fname + ' from tableName' 
Exec(@s)                -- 成功     
exec sp_executesql @s   -- 此句正确 

3. 输出参数 
declare @num int, 
        @sqls nvarchar(4000) 
set @sqls='select count(*) from tableName' 
exec(@sqls) 
--如何将exec执行结果放入变量中？ 

declare @num int, 
               @sqls nvarchar(4000) 
set @sqls='select @a=count(*) from tableName ' 
exec sp_executesql @sqls,N'@a int output',@num output 
select @num 

[upwill]

我的是2000
--SQL2000
SELECT
(CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END) N'表名',
a.colorder N'字段序号',
a.name N'字段名',
(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'标识',
(CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
(SELECT name
FROM sysindexes
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
(SELECT indid
FROM sysindexkeys
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
(SELECT colid
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
(xtype = 'PK'))>0 THEN '√' ELSE '' END) N'主键',
b.name N'类型',
a.length N'占用字节数',
COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') AS N'长度',
ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) AS N'小数位数',
(CASE WHEN a.isnullable=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'允许空',
ISNULL(e.text,'') N'默认值',
ISNULL(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明'

FROM syscolumns a
LEFT JOIN systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
INNER JOIN sysobjects d on a.id=d.id AND d.xtype='U' AND d.name<>'dtproperties'
LEFT JOIN syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
LEFT JOIN sysproperties g on a.id=g.id AND a.colid=g.smallid
WHERE
d.name = '表名' --要查询的表
ORDER BY
object_name(a.id), a.colorder



看不太明白,应该怎么用啊?b.name N'类型',我只要知道类型就行了,其他的是不是都没用的?

[dawugui]

--完全的语句如下:

--查询出各（某）表字段的属性
--sql server 2000
SELECT 
    表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
    表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
    字段序号   = a.colorder,
    字段名     = a.name,
    标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
    主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
                     SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(
                        SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
    类型       = b.name,
    占用字节数 = a.length,
    长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
    小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
    允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
    默认值     = isnull(e.text,''),
    字段说明   = isnull(g.[value],'')
FROM 
    syscolumns a
left join 
    systypes b 
on 
    a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join 
    sysobjects d 
on 
    a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join 
    syscomments e 
on 
    a.cdefault=e.id
left join 
    sysproperties g 
on 
    a.id=g.id and a.colid=g.smallid  
left join 
    sysproperties f 
on 
    d.id=f.id and f.smallid=0
where 
    d.name='要查询的表'    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by 
    a.id,a.colorder

/*
表名    表说明 字段序号 字段名    标识 主键    类型    占用字节数 长度 小数位数 允许空  默认值      字段说明 
------- ----- -------  -------- ---- ------- ------ ------- --------------- ------ ---------- ---------- 
authors       1        au_id          √     id      11     11      0                          
              2        au_lname              varchar 40     40      0                          
              3        au_fname              varchar 20     20      0                          
              4        phone                 char    12     12      0              ('UNKNOWN') 
              5        address               varchar 40     40      0       √                 
              6        city                  varchar 20     20      0       √                 
              7        state                 char    2      2       0       √                 
              8        zip                   char    5      5       0       √                 
              9        contract              bit     1      1       0                          
（所影响的行数为 9 行）
*/

--sql server 2005
-- 1. 表结构信息查询 
-- ========================================================================
-- 表结构信息查询
-- 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
-- ========================================================================
SELECT 
    TableName=CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN O.name ELSE N'' END,
    TableDesc=ISNULL(CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN PTB.[value] END,N''),
    Column_id=C.column_id,
    ColumnName=C.name,
    PrimaryKey=ISNULL(IDX.PrimaryKey,N''),
    [IDENTITY]=CASE WHEN C.is_identity=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    Computed=CASE WHEN C.is_computed=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    Type=T.name,
    Length=C.max_length,
    Precision=C.precision,
    Scale=C.scale,
    NullAble=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    [Default]=ISNULL(D.definition,N''),
    ColumnDesc=ISNULL(PFD.[value],N''),
    IndexName=ISNULL(IDX.IndexName,N''),
    IndexSort=ISNULL(IDX.Sort,N''),
    Create_Date=O.Create_Date,
    Modify_Date=O.Modify_date
FROM sys.columns C
    INNER JOIN sys.objects O
        ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
            AND O.type='U'
            AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
    INNER JOIN sys.types T
        ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D
        ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
            AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
            AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
    LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD
        ON PFD.class=1 
            AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id 
            AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
--             AND PFD.name='Caption'  -- 字段说明对应的描述名称(一个字段可以添加多个不同name的描述)
    LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB
        ON PTB.class=1 
            AND PTB.minor_id=0 
            AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
--             AND PFD.name='Caption'  -- 表说明对应的描述名称(一个表可以添加多个不同name的描述) 
    LEFT JOIN                       -- 索引及主键信息
    (
        SELECT 
            IDXC.[object_id],
            IDXC.column_id,
            Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
                WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
            PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
            IndexName=IDX.Name
        FROM sys.indexes IDX
        INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
            ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
                AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
        LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
            ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
                AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
        INNER JOIN  -- 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
        (
            SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
            FROM sys.index_columns
            GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
        ) IDXCUQ
            ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
                AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
                AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
    ) IDX
        ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
            AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id 
-- WHERE O.name=N'要查询的表'       -- 如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id 

-- 2. 索引及主键信息 
-- ========================================================================
-- 索引及主键信息
-- 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
-- ========================================================================
SELECT 
    TableId=O.[object_id],
    TableName=O.Name,
    IndexId=ISNULL(KC.[object_id],IDX.index_id),
    IndexName=IDX.Name,
    IndexType=ISNULL(KC.type_desc,'Index'),
    Index_Column_id=IDXC.index_column_id,
    ColumnID=C.Column_id,
    ColumnName=C.Name,
    Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
        WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
    PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    [UQIQUE]=CASE WHEN IDX.is_unique=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    Ignore_dup_key=CASE WHEN IDX.ignore_dup_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    Disabled=CASE WHEN IDX.is_disabled=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
    Fill_factor=IDX.fill_factor,
    Padded=CASE WHEN IDX.is_padded=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END
FROM sys.indexes IDX
    INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
        ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
            AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
    LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
        ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
            AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.objects O
        ON O.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
    INNER JOIN sys.columns C
        ON O.[object_id]=C.[object_id]
            AND O.type='U'
            AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
            AND IDXC.Column_id=C.Column_id
--    INNER JOIN  -- 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
--    (
--        SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
--        FROM sys.index_columns
--        GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
--    ) IDXCUQ
--        ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
--            AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id

[dawugui]

[Quote=引用 3 楼 upwill 的回复:]
我的是2000
看不太明白,应该怎么用啊?b.name N'类型',我只要知道类型就行了,其他的是不是都没用的?
[/Quote]

SELECT 
    字段名     = a.name,
    类型       = b.name
FROM 
    syscolumns a
left join 
    systypes b 
on 
    a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join 
    sysobjects d 
on 
    a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties' and
    d.name='authors'    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by 
    a.id,a.colorder

/*
字段名       类型     
------------ ---------
au_id        id
au_lname     varchar
au_fname     varchar
phone        char
address      varchar
city         varchar
state        char
zip          char
contract     bit

（所影响的行数为 9 行）
*/

[水族杰纶]

[Quote=引用 3 楼 upwill 的回复:]
我的是2000
--SQL2000
SELECT
(CASE WHEN a.colorder=1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END) N'表名',
a.colorder N'字段序号',
a.name N'字段名',
(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END) N'标识',
(CASE WHEN (SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM sysobjects
WHERE (name in
(SELECT name
FROM sysindexes
WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
…
[/Quote]

select   object_name(id)   as   表名   
,c.name   as   字段名   
,t.name   数据类型   
,c.prec   as   长度   
from   syscolumns   c   
inner   join   
systypes   t   
on   c.xusertype=t.xusertype   
where   objectproperty(id,'IsUserTable')=1 -- and c.id= object_id('tb') --此處不加查詢所有表

[fanyuanwaifdl]

up