vs2005的字符转换问题

[alizee32]

[size=12px] 我以前使用的vc6.0，现在正在学习DirectX程序的编写，于是改用了vs2005，自己新建一个程序：文件—>新建--项目，然后win32中新建一个win32项目，成功后，在源程序中写入一下代码：
// MY11.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"

/*
Demo Name: Lines
Author: Allen Sherrod
Chapter: Ch 1
*/


#include<d3d9.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")

#define WINDOW_CLASS (LPCWSTR)"UGPDX"
#define WINDOW_NAME (LPCWSTR)"Drawing Lines"

// Function Prototypes...
bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen);
bool InitializeObjects();
void RenderScene();
void Shutdown();


// Direct3D object and device.
LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;

// Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;


// A structure for our custom vertex type
struct stD3DVertex
{
float x, y, z, rhw;
unsigned long color;
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure.
#define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)


LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;

case WM_KEYUP:
if(wp == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}

return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wp, lp);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst,
LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
{
// Register the window class
WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc,
0, 0, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULL, WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
RegisterClassEx(&wc);

// Create the application's window
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100,
640, 480, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL,
wc.hInstance, NULL);

// Initialize Direct3D
if(InitializeD3D(hWnd, false))
{
// Show the window
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

// Enter the message loop
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
RenderScene();
}
}

// Release any and all resources.
Shutdown();

// Unregister our window.
UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
return 0;
}


bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen)
{
D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

// Create the D3D object.
g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if(g_D3D == NULL) return false;


// Get the desktop display mode.
if(FAILED(g_D3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
&displayMode))) return false;


// Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));


if(fullscreen)
{
d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = 640;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = 480;
}
else
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;


// Create the D3DDevice
if(FAILED(g_D3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice))) return false;


// Initialize any objects we will be displaying.
if(!InitializeObjects()) return false;

return true;
}


bool InitializeObjects()
{
unsigned long col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255);

// Fill in our structure to draw an object.
// x, y, z, rhw, color.
stD3DVertex objData[] =
{
{ 420.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 420.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 220.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 220.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
};

// Create the vertex buffer.
if(FAILED(g_D3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(objData), 0,
D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer,
NULL))) return false;

// Fill the vertex buffer.
void *ptr;

if(FAILED(g_VertexBuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(objData),
(void**)&ptr, 0))) return false;

memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));

g_VertexBuffer->Unlock();

return true;
}


void RenderScene()
{
// Clear the backbuffer.
g_D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);

// Begin the scene. Start rendering.
g_D3DDevice->BeginScene();

// Render object.
g_D3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_VertexBuffer, 0,
sizeof(stD3DVertex));
g_D3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_VERTEX);
g_D3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 2);

// End the scene. Stop rendering.
g_D3DDevice->EndScene();

// Display the scene.
g_D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}


void Shutdown()
{
if(g_D3DDevice != NULL) g_D3DDevice->Release();
if(g_D3D != NULL) g_D3D->Release();
if(g_VertexBuffer != NULL) g_VertexBuffer->Release();

g_D3DDevice = NULL;
g_D3D = NULL;
g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
}
但是运行总是出现：
c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(71) : error C2440: “初始化”: 无法从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换
c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(78) : error C2664: “CreateWindowExW”: 不能将参数 2 从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换
c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(107) : error C2664: “UnregisterClassW”: 不能将参数 1 从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换
网上查了下，是因为VS2005默认是Unicode的，在VC 6.0中编译成功的项目在VS2005中常会出现类型错误。
用了网上的方法：1、 #define WINDOW_CLASS (LPCWSTR)"UGPDX"
#define WINDOW_NAME (LPCWSTR)"Drawing Lines"
2、项目菜单——项目属性(最后一个)——配置属性——常规——项目默认值——字符集，将使用Unicode字符集改为未设置
结果错误为：MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 _main，该符号在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中被引用
C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\桌面\MY11\Debug\MY11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 个无法解析的外部命令


请高手指教下，已经查找了好几天，可是还是没有结果[/size]

[xiaoyisnail]

工程建错了吧
win32项目，不是控制台

[xiaoyisnail]

项目->属性...->连接器->系统->子系统
看看是什么，应该是windows

[alizee32]

是windows，麻烦您建个，我把cpp内容给你，成功了，麻烦你把建立成功的过程给我说下。

/*
Demo Name: Lines
Author: Allen Sherrod
Chapter: Ch 1
*/


#include<d3d9.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")

#define WINDOW_CLASS "UGPDX"
#define WINDOW_NAME "Drawing Lines"

// Function Prototypes...
bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen);
bool InitializeObjects();
void RenderScene();
void Shutdown();


// Direct3D object and device.
LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;

// Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;


// A structure for our custom vertex type
struct stD3DVertex
{
float x, y, z, rhw;
unsigned long color;
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure.
#define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)


LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
switch(msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
break;

case WM_KEYUP:
if(wp == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}

return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wp, lp);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst,
LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
{
// Register the window class
WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc,
0, 0, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULL, WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
RegisterClassEx(&wc);

// Create the application's window
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100,
640, 480, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL,
wc.hInstance, NULL);

// Initialize Direct3D
if(InitializeD3D(hWnd, false))
{
// Show the window
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

// Enter the message loop
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
RenderScene();
}
}

// Release any and all resources.
Shutdown();

// Unregister our window.
UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
return 0;
}


bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen)
{
D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

// Create the D3D object.
g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if(g_D3D == NULL) return false;


// Get the desktop display mode.
if(FAILED(g_D3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
&displayMode))) return false;


// Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));


if(fullscreen)
{
d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = 640;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = 480;
}
else
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;


// Create the D3DDevice
if(FAILED(g_D3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice))) return false;


// Initialize any objects we will be displaying.
if(!InitializeObjects()) return false;

return true;
}


bool InitializeObjects()
{
unsigned long col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255);

// Fill in our structure to draw an object.
// x, y, z, rhw, color.
stD3DVertex objData[] =
{
{ 420.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 420.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 220.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
{ 220.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
};

// Create the vertex buffer.
if(FAILED(g_D3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(objData), 0,
D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer,
NULL))) return false;

// Fill the vertex buffer.
void *ptr;

if(FAILED(g_VertexBuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(objData),
(void**)&ptr, 0))) return false;

memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));

g_VertexBuffer->Unlock();

return true;
}


void RenderScene()
{
// Clear the backbuffer.
g_D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);

// Begin the scene. Start rendering.
g_D3DDevice->BeginScene();

// Render object.
g_D3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_VertexBuffer, 0,
sizeof(stD3DVertex));
g_D3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_VERTEX);
g_D3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 2);

// End the scene. Stop rendering.
g_D3DDevice->EndScene();

// Display the scene.
g_D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}


void Shutdown()
{
if(g_D3DDevice != NULL) g_D3DDevice->Release();
if(g_D3D != NULL) g_D3D->Release();
if(g_VertexBuffer != NULL) g_VertexBuffer->Release();

g_D3DDevice = NULL;
g_D3D = NULL;
g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
}

[xiaoyisnail]

vs2005，新建win32工程，工程名例如“dxtest”，修改dxtest.cpp如下，就ok了

#include "stdafx.h"
/*
  Demo Name:  Lines
      Author:  Allen Sherrod
    Chapter:  Ch 1
*/


#include <d3d9.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")

#define WINDOW_CLASS L"UGPDX"//注意
#define WINDOW_NAME  L"Drawing Lines"//注意

// Function Prototypes...
bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen);
bool InitializeObjects();
void RenderScene();
void Shutdown();


// Direct3D object and device.
LPDIRECT3D9 g_D3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_D3DDevice = NULL;

// Vertex buffer to hold the geometry.
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_VertexBuffer = NULL;


// A structure for our custom vertex type
struct stD3DVertex
{
    float x, y, z, rhw;
    unsigned long color;
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure.
#define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)


LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
  switch(msg)
      {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
            break;

        case WM_KEYUP:
            if(wp == VK_ESCAPE) PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
      }

  return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wp, lp);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE prevhInst,
                  LPSTR cmdLine, int show)
{
  // Register the window class
  WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc,
                    0, 0, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL,
                    NULL, NULL, WINDOW_CLASS, NULL };
  RegisterClassEx(&wc);

  // Create the application's window
  HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS, WINDOW_NAME,
                            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100,
                            640, 480, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL,
                            wc.hInstance, NULL);

  // Initialize Direct3D
  if(InitializeD3D(hWnd, false))
      {
        // Show the window
        ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
        UpdateWindow(hWnd);

        // Enter the message loop
        MSG msg;
        ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));

        while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
            {
              if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE))
                  {
                    TranslateMessage(&msg);
                    DispatchMessage(&msg);
                  }
              else
                  RenderScene();
            }
      }

  // Release any and all resources.
  Shutdown();

  // Unregister our window.
  UnregisterClass(WINDOW_CLASS, wc.hInstance);
  return 0;
}


bool InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd, bool fullscreen)
{
  D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

  // Create the D3D object.
  g_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
  if(g_D3D == NULL) return false;


  // Get the desktop display mode.
  if(FAILED(g_D3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
      &displayMode))) return false;


  // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice
  D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
  ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));


  if(fullscreen)
      {
        d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
        d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = 640;
        d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = 480;
      }
  else
      d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
  d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
  d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;


  // Create the D3DDevice
  if(FAILED(g_D3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
      &d3dpp, &g_D3DDevice))) return false;


  // Initialize any objects we will be displaying.
  if(!InitializeObjects()) return false;

  return true;
}


bool InitializeObjects()
{
  unsigned long col = D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255);

  // Fill in our structure to draw an object.
  // x, y, z, rhw, color.
  stD3DVertex objData[] =
      {
        { 420.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 420.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 220.0f, 150.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
        { 220.0f, 350.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, col, },
      };

  // Create the vertex buffer.
  if(FAILED(g_D3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(objData), 0,
            D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_VertexBuffer,
            NULL))) return false;

  // Fill the vertex buffer.
  void *ptr;

  if(FAILED(g_VertexBuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(objData),
      (void**)&ptr, 0))) return false;

  memcpy(ptr, objData, sizeof(objData));

  g_VertexBuffer->Unlock();

  return true;
}


void RenderScene()
{
  // Clear the backbuffer.
  g_D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
                      D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);

  // Begin the scene.  Start rendering.
  g_D3DDevice->BeginScene();

      // Render object.
      g_D3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_VertexBuffer, 0,
                                  sizeof(stD3DVertex));
      g_D3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_VERTEX);
      g_D3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 2);

  // End the scene.  Stop rendering.
  g_D3DDevice->EndScene();

  // Display the scene.
  g_D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}


void Shutdown()
{
  if(g_D3DDevice != NULL) g_D3DDevice->Release();
  if(g_D3D != NULL) g_D3D->Release();
  if(g_VertexBuffer != NULL) g_VertexBuffer->Release();

  g_D3DDevice = NULL;
  g_D3D = NULL;
  g_VertexBuffer = NULL;
}

[alizee32]

谢谢啦，可能是我安装的问题，我换了个电脑就好了，非常感谢您的耐心回复

[alizee32]

谢谢楼上的朋友，发现问题

[waizqfor]

vc6的字符默认是multibyte（char）的，vc2005默认是unicode的（wchar），将vc2005的工程设置的使用unicode字符选项改成multibyte就好了

[alizee32]

那个我试过了，还是MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 _main，该符号在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中被引用
C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\桌面\MY11\Debug\MY11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 个无法解析的外部命令

[waizqfor]

[Quote=引用 2 楼 alizee32 的回复:]
那个我试过了，还是MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 _main，该符号在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中被引用
C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\桌面\MY11\Debug\MY11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 个无法解析的外部命令
[/Quote]
你工程选对了吗 win32 application
如果还不行 就忽略库吧 把你的MSVCRTD.lib忽略了

[alizee32]

我的是中文版的，我选的是win32项目，还有一个是win32控制台应用程序。不知道您说的win32 application 是不是win32控制台应用程序。我刚试过win32控制台应用程序，结果用Unicode错误是还是MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 _main，该符号在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中被引用
C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\桌面\MY11\Debug\MY11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 个无法解析的外部命令

多字符的是c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(71) : error C2440: “初始化”: 无法从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换
c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(78) : error C2664: “CreateWindowExW”: 不能将参数 2 从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换
c:\documents and settings\owner\桌面\my11\my11\my11.cpp(107) : error C2664: “UnregisterClassW”: 不能将参数 1 从“const char [6]”转换为“LPCWSTR”
与指向的类型无关；转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式转换或函数样式转换

[alizee32]

MSVCRTD.lib这个怎么忽略？？

[waizqfor]

[Quote=引用 5 楼 alizee32 的回复:]
我的是中文版的，我选的是win32项目，还有一个是win32控制台应用程序。不知道您说的win32 application 是不是win32控制台应用程序。我刚试过win32控制台应用程序，结果用Unicode错误是还是MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 _main，该符号在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中被引用
C:\Documents and Settings\Owner\桌面\MY11\Debug\MY11.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 个无法解析的外部命令

多字符…
[/Quote]
项目- 属性-配置属性-链接器-系统
子系统 改为 Windows