CASE、WHEN 的语法及用法， 急急急！！！

[isgaint]

在SQL中
CASE、WHEN
的语法及用法。

[jimzj]

select case when ( 1 < 2 ) then 1 else 2 end

[tigerwen01]

具体用法：
CASE 表达式1
{WHEN 表达式2 THEN 结果1}…[ELSE 结果n]
END

[happydreamer]

example

mc bb je
a1 HKD 100
a1 HKD 200
a1 USD 150
a1 USD 250
a2 HKD 200
a2 USD 100
a3 HKD 300
a3 HKD 400
结果：客户名称 港币 美金
a1 300 400
a2 200 100
a3 700 0


select 客户名称,
sum(case when bb='HKD' then je else 0 end) as 港币,
sum(case when bb='USD' then je else 0 end) as 美金
from data group by mc




or
CASE type
WHEN 'a' THEN 'xx'
WHEN 'b' THEN 'yy'
WHEN 'c' THEN 'zz'
ELSE 'Not find'


还支持嵌套使用

[pengdali]

示例
A. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数的 SELECT 语句
在 SELECT 语句中，简单 CASE 函数仅检查是否相等，而不进行其它比较。下面的示例使用 CASE 函数更改图书分类显示，以使其更易于理解。

USE pubs
GO
SELECT Category =
CASE type
WHEN 'popular_comp' THEN 'Popular Computing'
WHEN 'mod_cook' THEN 'Modern Cooking'
WHEN 'business' THEN 'Business'
WHEN 'psychology' THEN 'Psychology'
WHEN 'trad_cook' THEN 'Traditional Cooking'
ELSE 'Not yet categorized'
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(25)) AS 'Shortened Title',
price AS Price
FROM titles
WHERE price IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY type, price
COMPUTE AVG(price) BY type
GO

下面是结果集：

Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Business You Can Combat Computer S 2.99
Business Cooking with Computers: S 11.95
Business The Busy Executive's Data 19.99
Business Straight Talk About Compu 19.99

avg
==========================
13.73

Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Modern Cooking The Gourmet Microwave 2.99
Modern Cooking Silicon Valley Gastronomi 19.99

avg
==========================
11.49

Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Popular Computing Secrets of Silicon Valley 20.00
Popular Computing But Is It User Friendly? 22.95

avg
==========================
21.48

Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Psychology Life Without Fear 7.00
Psychology Emotional Security: A New 7.99
Psychology Is Anger the Enemy? 10.95
Psychology Prolonged Data Deprivatio 19.99
Psychology Computer Phobic AND Non-P 21.59

avg
==========================
13.50

Category Shortened Title Price
------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------
Traditional Cooking Fifty Years in Buckingham 11.95
Traditional Cooking Sushi, Anyone? 14.99
Traditional Cooking Onions, Leeks, and Garlic 20.95

avg
==========================
15.96

(21 row(s) affected)

B. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数和 CASE 搜索函数的 SELECT 语句
在 SELECT 语句中，CASE 搜索函数允许根据比较值在结果集内对值进行替换。下面的示例根据图书的价格范围将价格（money 列）显示为文本注释。

USE pubs
GO
SELECT 'Price Category' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Not yet priced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Very Reasonable Title'
WHEN price >= 10 and price < 20 THEN 'Coffee Table Title'
ELSE 'Expensive book!'
END,
CAST(title AS varchar(20)) AS 'Shortened Title'
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO

下面是结果集：

Price Category Shortened Title
--------------------- --------------------
Not yet priced Net Etiquette
Not yet priced The Psychology of Co
Very Reasonable Title The Gourmet Microwav
Very Reasonable Title You Can Combat Compu
Very Reasonable Title Life Without Fear
Very Reasonable Title Emotional Security:
Coffee Table Title Is Anger the Enemy?
Coffee Table Title Cooking with Compute
Coffee Table Title Fifty Years in Bucki
Coffee Table Title Sushi, Anyone?
Coffee Table Title Prolonged Data Depri
Coffee Table Title Silicon Valley Gastr
Coffee Table Title Straight Talk About
Coffee Table Title The Busy Executive's
Expensive book! Secrets of Silicon V
Expensive book! Onions, Leeks, and G
Expensive book! Computer Phobic And
Expensive book! But Is It User Frien

(18 row(s) affected)

C. 使用带有 SUBSTRING 和 SELECT 的 CASE 函数
下面的示例使用 CASE 和 THEN 生成一个有关作者、图书标识号和每个作者所著图书类型的列表。

USE pubs
SELECT SUBSTRING((RTRIM(a.au_fname) + ' '+
RTRIM(a.au_lname) + ' '), 1, 25) AS Name, a.au_id, ta.title_id,
Type =
CASE
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'BU' THEN 'Business'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'MC' THEN 'Modern Cooking'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PC' THEN 'Popular Computing'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PS' THEN 'Psychology'
WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'TC' THEN 'Traditional Cooking'
END
FROM titleauthor ta JOIN authors a ON ta.au_id = a.au_id

下面是结果集：

Name au_id title_id Type
------------------------- ----------- -------- -------------------
Johnson White 172-32-1176 PS3333 Psychology
Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU1032 Business
Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU2075 Business
Cheryl Carson 238-95-7766 PC1035 Popular Computing
Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 BU1111 Business
Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Dean Straight 274-80-9391 BU7832 Business
Abraham Bennet 409-56-7008 BU1032 Business
Ann Dull 427-17-2319 PC8888 Popular Computing
Burt Gringlesby 472-27-2349 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Charlene Locksley 486-29-1786 PC9999 Popular Computing
Charlene Locksley 486-29-1786 PS7777 Psychology
Reginald Blotchet-Halls 648-92-1872 TC4203 Traditional Cooking
Akiko Yokomoto 672-71-3249 TC7777 Traditional Cooking
Innes del Castillo 712-45-1867 MC2222 Modern Cooking
Michel DeFrance 722-51-5454 MC3021 Modern Cooking
Stearns MacFeather 724-80-9391 BU1111 Business
Stearns MacFeather 724-80-9391 PS1372 Psychology
Livia Karsen 756-30-7391 PS1372 Psychology
Sylvia Panteley 807-91-6654 TC3218 Traditional Cooking
Sheryl Hunter 846-92-7186 PC8888 Popular Computing
Anne Ringer 899-46-2035 MC3021 Modern Cooking
Anne Ringer 899-46-2035 PS2091 Psychology
Albert Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2091 Psychology
Albert Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2106 Psychology

[leimin]

WHY YOU not see MS SQL SERVER BOL???

[tigerwen01]

例子happydreamer讲的很清楚了

[CrazyFor]

使用 CASE
CASE 函数是特殊的 Transact-SQL 表达式，它允许按列值显式可选值。数据中的更改是临时的，没有对数据进行永久更改。例如，CASE 函数可以在 state 列中有 CA 值的行的查询结果集内显示 California。

CASE 函数包含：

CASE 关键字。


需要转换的列名称。


指定要搜索的表达式的 WHEN 子句和指定要替换它们的表达式的 THEN 子句。


END 关键字。


可选的、定义 CASE 函数别名的 AS 子句。
下面示例在查询结果集内显示每个作者所居住州的全名：

SELECT au_fname, au_lname,
CASE state
WHEN 'CA' THEN 'California'
WHEN 'KS' THEN 'Kansas'
WHEN 'TN' THEN 'Tennessee'
WHEN 'OR' THEN 'Oregon'
WHEN 'MI' THEN 'Michigan'
WHEN 'IN' THEN 'Indiana'
WHEN 'MD' THEN 'Maryland'
WHEN 'UT' THEN 'Utah'
END AS StateName
FROM pubs.dbo.authors
ORDER BY au_lname

[愉快的登山者]

1.
case 条件 when 值1 then 结果1
when 值2 then 结果2
。。。。。。
else 结果n
end
2.
case when 条件 = 值1 then 结果1
when 条件 = 值2 then 结果2
。。。。。。
else 结果n
end