如何将字做一个镜面效果?

2003-07-19 10:14:02 370 阅读 AI 写同款 · GEO 优化AI 选题数据监测一键分发 ›

Unity Shader镜面效果原理：使用Render Texture作为贴图，贴到镜子上 Shader "Mirror" { Properties { _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {} } SubShader { Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } LOD 100 ... 阅读详情

就是将字体反过来。

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godot实现镜面效果（无需shader代码） godot实现镜面效果（无需shader代码）最近想探究一下镜面效果的原理，发现关于unity的镜面效果教程很多，但是关于godot实现镜面效果的教程很低，由于我是shader初学者，实现方法可能存在一些问题，见谅。 1.创建一个godot项目 2. 选择3d场景，创建一个MeshInstance，Mesh选择为平面（Plain），再创建Mesh为cube和圆柱体的MeshInstance。 3.选择vertical，在material属性选择新建shaderMaterial。 4.点击shaderM 阅读详情

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leswang107 2003-07-29

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这种效果在PS里不是很好做吗？为什么要用VB来做，又慢又烦效果又差。

goodname008 2003-07-19

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lfItalic
Specifies an italic font if set to TRUE.
lfUnderline
Specifies an underlined font if set to TRUE.
lfStrikeOut
Specifies a strikeout font if set to TRUE.
lfCharSet
Specifies the character set. The following values are predefined:
ANSI_CHARSET
BALTIC_CHARSET
CHINESEBIG5_CHARSET
DEFAULT_CHARSET
EASTEUROPE_CHARSET
GB2312_CHARSET
GREEK_CHARSET
HANGUL_CHARSET
MAC_CHARSET
OEM_CHARSET
RUSSIAN_CHARSET
SHIFTJIS_CHARSET
SYMBOL_CHARSET
TURKISH_CHARSET

Korean Windows:
JOHAB_CHARSET
Middle-Eastern Windows:
HEBREW_CHARSET
ARABIC_CHARSET
Thai Windows:
THAI_CHARSET
The OEM_CHARSET value specifies a character set that is operating-system dependent.

You can use the DEFAULT_CHARSET value to allow the name and size of a font to fully describe the logical font. If the specified font name does not exist, a font from any character set can be substituted for the specified font, so you should use DEFAULT_CHARSET sparingly to avoid unexpected results.

Fonts with other character sets may exist in the operating system. If an application uses a font with an unknown character set, it should not attempt to translate or interpret strings that are rendered with that font.

This parameter is important in the font mapping process. To ensure consistent results, specify a specific character set. If you specify a typeface name in the lfFaceName member, make sure that the lfCharSet value matches the character set of the typeface specified in lfFaceName.

lfOutPrecision
Specifies the output precision. The output precision defines how closely the output must match the requested font's height, width, character orientation, escapement, pitch, and font type. It can be one of the following values: Value Meaning
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS Not used.
OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS Specifies the default font mapper behavior.
OUT_DEVICE_PRECIS Instructs the font mapper to choose a Device font when the system contains multiple fonts with the same name.
OUT_OUTLINE_PRECIS Windows NT: This value instructs the font mapper to choose from TrueType and other outline-based fonts.
OUT_RASTER_PRECIS Instructs the font mapper to choose a raster font when the system contains multiple fonts with the same name.
OUT_STRING_PRECIS This value is not used by the font mapper, but it is returned when raster fonts are enumerated.
OUT_STROKE_PRECIS Windows NT: This value is not used by the font mapper, but it is returned when TrueType, other outline-based fonts, and vector fonts are enumerated.
Windows 95: This value is used to map vector fonts, and is returned when TrueType or vector fonts are enumerated.

OUT_TT_ONLY_PRECIS Instructs the font mapper to choose from only TrueType fonts. If there are no TrueType fonts installed in the system, the font mapper returns to default behavior.
OUT_TT_PRECIS Instructs the font mapper to choose a TrueType font when the system contains multiple fonts with the same name.

Applications can use the OUT_DEVICE_PRECIS, OUT_RASTER_PRECIS, and OUT_TT_PRECIS values to control how the font mapper chooses a font when the operating system contains more than one font with a given name. For example, if an operating system contains a font named Symbol in raster and TrueType form, specifying OUT_TT_PRECIS forces the font mapper to choose the TrueType version. Specifying OUT_TT_ONLY_PRECIS forces the font mapper to choose a TrueType font, even if it must substitute a TrueType font of another name.

lfClipPrecision
Specifies the clipping precision. The clipping precision defines how to clip characters that are partially outside the clipping region. It can be one or more of the following values: Value Meaning
CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS Specifies default clipping behavior.
CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS Not used.
CLIP_STROKE_PRECIS Not used by the font mapper, but is returned when raster, vector, or TrueType fonts are enumerated.
Windows NT: For compatibility, this value is always returned when enumerating fonts.

CLIP_MASK Not used.
CLIP_EMBEDDED You must specify this flag to use an embedded read-only font.
CLIP_LH_ANGLES When this value is used, the rotation for all fonts depends on whether the orientation of the coordinate system is left-handed or right-handed.
If not used, device fonts always rotate counterclockwise, but the rotation of other fonts is dependent on the orientation of the coordinate system.

For more information about the orientation of coordinate systems, see the description of the nOrientation parameter

CLIP_TT_ALWAYS Not used.

lfQuality
Specifies the output quality. The output quality defines how carefully the graphics device interface (GDI) must attempt to match the logical-font attributes to those of an actual physical font. It can be one of the following values: Value Meaning
DEFAULT_QUALITY Appearance of the font does not matter.
DRAFT_QUALITY Appearance of the font is less important than when PROOF_QUALITY is used. For GDI raster fonts, scaling is enabled, which means that more font sizes are available, but the quality may be lower. Bold, italic, underline, and strikeout fonts are synthesized if necessary.
PROOF_QUALITY Character quality of the font is more important than exact matching of the logical-font attributes. For GDI raster fonts, scaling is disabled and the font closest in size is chosen. Although the chosen font size may not be mapped exactly when PROOF_QUALITY is used, the quality of the font is high and there is no distortion of appearance. Bold, italic, underline, and strikeout fonts are synthesized if necessary.

lfPitchAndFamily
Specifies the pitch and family of the font. The two low-order bits specify the pitch of the font and can be one of the following values:
DEFAULT_PITCH
FIXED_PITCH
VARIABLE_PITCH

Bits 4 through 7 of the member specify the font family and can be one of the following values:

FF_DECORATIVE
FF_DONTCARE
FF_MODERN
FF_ROMAN
FF_SCRIPT
FF_SWISS

The proper value can be obtained by using the Boolean OR operator to join one pitch constant with one family constant.

Font families describe the look of a font in a general way. They are intended for specifying fonts when the exact typeface desired is not available. The values for font families are as follows: Value Meaning
FF_DECORATIVE Novelty fonts. Old English is an example.
FF_DONTCARE Don't care or don't know.
FF_MODERN Fonts with constant stroke width (monospace), with or without serifs. Monospace fonts are usually modern. Pica, Elite, and CourierNew® are examples.
FF_ROMAN Fonts with variable stroke width (proportional) and with serifs. MS® Serif is an example.
FF_SCRIPT Fonts designed to look like handwriting. Script and Cursive are examples.
FF_SWISS Fonts with variable stroke width (proportional) and without serifs. MS® Sans Serif is an example.

lfFaceName
A null-terminated string that specifies the typeface name of the font. The length of this string must not exceed 32 characters, including the null terminator. The EnumFontFamilies function can be used to enumerate the typeface names of all currently available fonts. If lfFaceName is an empty string, GDI uses the first font that matches the other specified attributes

goodname008 2003-07-19

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上面的差不多了，是旋转字体的例子，对你的问题可能有些启发。
下面的是MSDN中关于LOGFONT的解释。

LOGFONT
The LOGFONT structure defines the attributes of a font.

typedef struct tagLOGFONT { // lf
LONG lfHeight;
LONG lfWidth;
LONG lfEscapement;
LONG lfOrientation;
LONG lfWeight;
BYTE lfItalic;
BYTE lfUnderline;
BYTE lfStrikeOut;
BYTE lfCharSet;
BYTE lfOutPrecision;
BYTE lfClipPrecision;
BYTE lfQuality;
BYTE lfPitchAndFamily;
TCHAR lfFaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
} LOGFONT;

Members
lfHeight
Specifies the height, in logical units, of the font's character cell or character. The character height value (also known as the em height) is the character cell height value minus the internal-leading value. The font mapper interprets the value specified in lfHeight in the following manner: Value Meaning
> 0 The font mapper transforms this value into device units and matches it against the cell height of the available fonts.
0 The font mapper uses a default height value when it searches for a match.
< 0 The font mapper transforms this value into device units and matches its absolute value against the character height of the available fonts.

For all height comparisons, the font mapper looks for the largest font that does not exceed the requested size.

This mapping occurs when the font is used for the first time.

For the MM_TEXT mapping mode, you can use the following formula to specify a height for a font with a given point size:

lfHeight = -MulDiv(PointSize, GetDeviceCaps(hDC, LOGPIXELSY), 72);

lfWidth
Specifies the average width, in logical units, of characters in the font. If lfWidth is zero, the aspect ratio of the device is matched against the digitization aspect ratio of the available fonts to find the closest match, determined by the absolute value of the difference.
lfEscapement
Specifies the angle, in tenths of degrees, between the escapement vector and the x-axis of the device. The escapement vector is parallel to the base line of a row of text.
Windows NT: When the graphics mode is set to GM_ADVANCED, you can specify the escapement angle of the string independently of the orientation angle of the string's characters.

When the graphics mode is set to GM_COMPATIBLE, lfEscapement specifies both the escapement and orientation. You should set lfEscapement and lfOrientation to the same value.

Windows 95: The lfEscapement member specifies both the escapement and orientation. You should set lfEscapement and lfOrientation to the same value.

lfOrientation
Specifies the angle, in tenths of degrees, between each character's base line and the x-axis of the device.
lfWeight
Specifies the weight of the font in the range 0 through 1000. For example, 400 is normal and 700 is bold. If this value is zero, a default weight is used.
The following values are defined for convenience: Value Weight
FW_DONTCARE 0
FW_THIN 100
FW_EXTRALIGHT 200
FW_ULTRALIGHT 200
FW_LIGHT 300
FW_NORMAL 400
FW_REGULAR 400
FW_MEDIUM 500
FW_SEMIBOLD 600
FW_DEMIBOLD 600
FW_BOLD 700
FW_EXTRABOLD 800
FW_ULTRABOLD 800
FW_HEAVY 900
FW_BLACK 900

since1990 2003-07-19

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如何使自己设计的程序具有漂亮和友好的界面，是程序员间永恒的话题。这里，笔者向您介绍一种非常简单的技巧，使文字旋转起来（图1）。

这里的“旋转字体”指的是让一行字体的水平基线(baseline)转过一定的角度。正如您所看到的，旋转字体会产生轻松、活泼的视觉效果，可以给观者以特殊的联想，是一种行之有效的显示特技。

有一种很容易想到的办法可以实现旋转字体，即首先生成文字的点阵(位图)，然后利用坐标旋转变换生成新的位图再输出到屏幕或打印机上。这种办法思路清晰，不但可以用于字体的旋转，也可以用于其他种种字体变形，如同WinWord中的WordArt或中文之星的“艺术汉字”。但这种办法实现起来比较麻烦，需要一些计算机绘图学方面的知识，而且位图变换过程中需要占用较多的内存。而我们所要介绍的方法，可以有效地解决这些问题，而且不需要什么专门的知识，而是充分地利用Windows API已有的功能实现旋转字体的效果。

我们知道，逻辑字体是一类非常重要的Windows GDI对象。我们正是通过选择不同的逻辑字体来输出各种秀美的字体的。而所谓“旋转字体”不过是一类特殊的逻辑字体。如同其他的GDI对象(如画笔、画刷、调色板)一样，字体对象不但具有固有的字体，我们也可以建立自己的逻辑字体。建立字体可以使用Windows API的CreateFontIndirect()函数。在调用该函数之前，我们将字体的特征放入LOGFONT结构变量中。LOGFONT结构是这样定义的：

Type LOGFONT
lfHeight As Integer ' 字体的高度
lfWidth As Integer ' 字体的宽度
lfEscapement As Integer ' 字体旋转的角度
lfOrientation As Integer
lfWeight As Integer ' 字体的轻重
lfItalic As String * 1 ' 是否为斜体
lfUnderline As String * 1 ' 是否有下划线
lfStrikeOut As String * 1 ' 是否有强调线
lfCharSet As String * 1 ' 字符集
lfOutPrecision As String * 1 ' 输出精度
lfClipPrecision As String * 1 ' 剪裁精度
lfQuality As String * 1 ' 输出质量
lfPitchAndFamily As String * 1 ' 间距和字体族
lfFaceName As String * LF_FACESIZE ' 字体名，如“宋体”
End Type

利用这个数据结构，你可以方便地设置各种字体参数，比如高度、宽度等。该结构中同我们所要讨论的问题关系最大的是lfEscapement，它表示字符的基线同坐标的X轴之间的旋转角度，从X轴正方向开始沿逆时针方向旋转，以十分之一度为单位（图2）。蔡明志先生著的《Windows程序设计·绘图篇--使用Borland C++ for Windows》一书(科学出版社1993年9月出版)的482页上指出旋转角度以十度为单位，为此笔者查阅了SDK手册，其英文原文为：“measured in tenths of a degree”，似应为以十分之一度为单位。

lfFaceName指明字体的名称，如“宋体”、“行楷”。需要指出的是，个别字体不支持字体旋转，主要是字体宽度不可变的种类，如FixedSys就不支持字体旋转，好在这样的字体只有一两种。

具体的实现参见文后所附的程序（用Visual Basic 3.0编写），其中RotPrint过程用来输出旋转字体。其步骤如下：首先，利用GetObject()函数获得当前字体的LOGFONT结构，修改lfEscapement，设置旋转角度，然后调用CreateFontIndirect()函数建立逻辑字体并选用之。接下来，调用TextOut()函数输出字符串。使用TextOut()函数可以使那些不支持Print方法的控制（如标签），同样可以输出旋转字体。最后，用DeleteObject()函数删除建立的逻辑字体并恢复原字体。

您可以通过示例程序（图1）的“选择”菜单中的“字体”项来尝试不同的字体效果，从中选出令人满意的组合。

附录：源程序
ROTFONT.BAS文件：
DefInt A-Z

' 逻辑字体
Global Const LF_FACESIZE = 32 ' 最长的字体名称
Global Const SYSTEM_FONT = 13

Type LOGFONT
lfHeight As Integer
lfWidth As Integer
lfEscapement As Integer
lfOrientation As Integer
lfWeight As Integer
lfItalic As String * 1
lfUnderline As String * 1
lfStrikeOut As String * 1
lfCharSet As String * 1
lfOutPrecision As String * 1
lfClipPrecision As String * 1
lfQuality As String * 1
lfPitchAndFamily As String * 1
lfFaceName As String * LF_FACESIZE
End Type

' 字体的族

Global Const FF_DONTCARE = 0 ' 无所谓
Global Const FF_ROMAN = 16 ' 字体宽度可变，Times Roman, Century ' Schoolbook等
Global Const FF_SWISS = 32 ' 宽度可变，带衬线，如Helvetica, Swiss等
Global Const FF_MODERN = 48 ' 具有规定的宽度，衬线可有可无，
' 如Pica, Elite, Courier等等.
Global Const FF_SCRIPT = 64 ' 手写体，如Cursive
Global Const FF_DECORATIVE = 80 ' 特殊字体，如Old English

' GDI字体函数

Declare Function CreateFontIndirect Lib "GDI" (lpLogFont As LOGFONT) As Integer

Declare Function SelectObject Lib "GDI" (ByVal hDC%, ByVal Object%) As Integer

Declare Sub DeleteObject Lib "GDI" (ByVal Object%)

Declare Function GetStockObject Lib "GDI" (ByVal nIndex As Integer) As Integer

Declare Sub GDIGetObject Lib "GDI" Alias "GetObject" (ByVal hObject As Integer, ByVal nCount As Integer, lpObject As Any)

Declare Sub TextOut Lib "GDI" (ByVal hDC As Integer, ByVal X As Integer, ByVal Y As Integer, ByVal lpString As String, ByVal nCount As Integer)

ROTFONT.FRM文件：
VERSION 2.00
Begin Form frmRotDemo
Caption = "旋转字体演示"
ClientHeight = 4980
ClientLeft = 1095
ClientTop = 1785
ClientWidth = 4380
FontBold = -1 'True
FontItalic = 0 'False
FontName = "Courier New"
FontSize = 18
FontStrikethru = 0 'False
FontUnderline = 0 'False
Height = 5670
Left = 1035
LinkTopic = "Form1"
ScaleHeight = 332
ScaleMode = 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth = 292
Top = 1155
Width = 4500
Begin CommonDialog CMDialog1
Flags = 257
Left = 0
Top = 0
End
Begin Menu mnuOption
Caption = "选择(&O)"
Begin Menu mnuFont
Caption = "字体(&F)..."
Shortcut = ^F
End
Begin Menu mnuS1
Caption = "-"
End
Begin Menu mnuExit
Caption = "退出(&X)"
Shortcut = ^X
End
End
End
Option Explicit

Sub Form_Paint ()
Dim nAngle%

Cls
For nAngle% = 20 To 80 Step 10
ForeColor = QBColor(nAngle% / 10 - 2)
RotPrint hDC, "热情技术技巧旋转字体", 10, 290, nAngle%
Next
End Sub

Sub mnuExit_Click ()
End
End Sub

Sub mnuFont_Click ()
' 初始化对话框控制
CMDialog1.FontName = FontName
CMDialog1.FontSize = FontSize
CMDialog1.FontItalic = FontItalic
CMDialog1.FontBold = FontBold
CMDialog1.FontUnderLine = FontUnderLine
CMDialog1.FontStrikeThru = FontStrikeThru
On Error GoTo ErrHandle
CMDialog1.Action = 4
' 设置窗体的字体属性
FontName = CMDialog1.FontName
FontSize = CMDialog1.FontSize
FontItalic = CMDialog1.FontItalic
FontBold = CMDialog1.FontBold
FontUnderLine = CMDialog1.FontUnderLine
FontStrikeThru = CMDialog1.FontStrikeThru
Refresh
ErrHandle:
End Sub

Sub RotPrint (ByVal hDestDC As Integer, Text$, x As Integer, y As Integer, LineAngle As Integer)

Dim hFont As Integer, hOldFont As Integer, r%
Dim Font As LOGFONT

hOldFont = SelectObject(hDestDC, GetStockObject(SYSTEM_FONT))

GDIGetObject hOldFont, Len(Font), Font

' 填充LOGFONT结构
Font.lfEscapement = LineAngle * 10 ' 输出字体行与水平页底间的角度(以1/10度为单位)

' 必须是可变点字体
Font.lfPitchAndFamily = Chr$(VARIABLE_PITCH Or FF_DONTCARE)

' 创建字体
hFont = CreateFontIndirect(Font)

' 选择旋转字体
r% = SelectObject(hDestDC, hFont)

' 显示字体
TextOut hDestDC, x, y, Text$, Len(Text$)

' 恢复原字体
hFont = SelectObject(hDestDC, hOldFont)

' 删除创建的字体
DeleteObject hFont

End Sub

xfzzf 2003-07-19

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等待

flyingscv 2003-07-19

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picture
paintpicture

csdngoodnight 2003-07-19

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好么，这么长，为个效果，做这么长。得不偿失。

不如不要吧，做个阴影效果怎么样，很简单：

With Me
'阴影颜色,位置
.ForeColor = &HFFFFFF
.CurrentX = 590 '坐标
.CurrentY = 125
Me.Print .Caption '打印

'(前景字符，与阴影错开15单位就行了，单位：缇)
.ForeColor = &H0&
.CurrentX = 600
.CurrentY = 140
Me.Print .Caption '打印
End With

如何将字做一个镜面效果?

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