在dos下如何读写硬盘物理扇区而且可以有超时限制?

[qjipa]

这里汇编搞硬件的牛人多,来这里问了...

我现在需要在dos下读写一些坏硬盘的物理扇区,而且会读到物理坏扇区,通常硬盘在遇到坏扇区时会失去响应,我用biosdisk这个api来读写坏扇区时就定住不动了,但biosdisk没有读写超时的选项,请问如何可以在读写扇区时可以有超时的限制?

有些资料说是用ata指令来控制硬盘的读写超时的,但ata指令表也太复杂了,我只需要其中的读扇区并带超时的指令就可以,也有些资料说可以一面按api读物理扇区,一面等待一定时间后软复位硬盘的方式来达到,希望大家能提供一下方法,不论c语言,汇编或甚至windows下的代码,至少也能提供下思路吧...谢了!!!

[日立奔腾浪潮微软松下联想]

你可以试试修改disk parameters table，int 41h指向的位置：

Format of fixed disk parameters:
Offset Size Description
00h WORD number of cylinders
02h BYTE number of heads
03h WORD starting reduced write current cylinder (XT only, 0 for others)
05h WORD starting write precompensation cylinder number
07h BYTE maximum ECC burst length (XT only)
08h BYTE control byte (see #03197,#03198)
09h BYTE standard timeout (XT only, 0 for others)
0Ah BYTE formatting timeout (XT and WD1002 only, 0 for others)
0Bh BYTE timeout for checking drive (XT and WD1002 only, 0 for others)
0Ch WORD cylinder number of landing zone (AT and later only)
0Eh BYTE number of sectors per track (AT and later only)
0Fh BYTE reserved

[budao3]

INT 13 42-- - IBM/MS INT 13 Extensions - EXTENDED READ
Inp.:
AH = 42h
DL = drive number
DS:SI -> disk address packet (see #0182)
Return: CF clear if successful
AH = 00h
CF set on error
AH = error code (see #0144)
disk address packet's block count field set to number of blocks
successfully transferred
Table 0182
Format of disk address packet:
Offset Size Description
00h BYTE 10h (size of packet)
01h BYTE reserved (0)
02h WORD number of blocks to transfer (max 007Fh for Phoenix EDD)
04h DWORD -> transfer buffer
08h QWORD starting absolute block number
(for non-LBA devices, compute as
(Cylinder*NumHeads + SelectedHead) * SectorPerTrack +
SelectedSector - 1


Table 0144
Values for disk operation status:
00h successful completion
01h invalid function in AH or invalid parameter
02h address mark not found
03h disk write-protected
04h sector not found/read error
05h reset failed (hard disk)
05h data did not verify correctly (TI Professional PC)
06h disk changed (floppy)
07h drive parameter activity failed (hard disk)
08h DMA overrun
09h data boundary error (attempted DMA across 64K boundary or >80h sectors)
0Ah bad sector detected (hard disk)
0Bh bad track detected (hard disk)
0Ch unsupported track or invalid media
0Dh invalid number of sectors on format (PS/2 hard disk)
0Eh control data address mark detected (hard disk)

0Fh DMA arbitration level out of range (hard disk)
10h uncorrectable CRC or ECC error on read
11h data ECC corrected (hard disk)
20h controller failure
31h no media in drive (IBM/MS INT 13 extensions)
32h incorrect drive type stored in CMOS (Compaq)
40h seek failed
80h timeout (not ready)
AAh drive not ready (hard disk)
B0h volume not locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
B1h volume locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
B2h volume not removable (INT 13 extensions)
B3h volume in use (INT 13 extensions)
B4h lock count exceeded (INT 13 extensions)
B5h valid eject request failed (INT 13 extensions)
BBh undefined error (hard disk)
CCh write fault (hard disk)

E0h status register error (hard disk)
FFh sense operation failed (hard disk)


在DOS下調用int 13h 的function 42h

[blackfacewa]

Mark!!!
楼主你的想法是什么？

读硬盘数据
if(读到坏扇区)
程序就没有响应

这个时候你想让程序有什么反应？返回一个读到坏扇区的提示？

[qjipa]

to 3楼：

int41该如何操作？需要用哪几个寄存器？有关这个中断的资料我找不到，似乎这个中断需要与int13 ah=09h来配合，从而用新参数重新初始化硬盘控制器？之后读扇区就用新参数来读取了，对不对呢？

如果有其他更好的方法，也希望大家说下，谢了！！！！！

[xinjian123]

汇编也是刚学的,来一起学习

[qjipa]

再顶一下，没人懂了吗？其实最主要是我希望用扩展int13读写硬盘坏区时让硬盘不卡死，但查遍了有关的标准文档，却找不到任何可以设置超时的方法，唯一有关超时的是用in13硬盘操作后的磁盘错误状态，0x80为磁盘超时，但超时时间该怎么设置？跪求高手们解答啊！！！！！！

[日立奔腾浪潮微软松下联想]

INT 41h的中断向量只是一个指针，指向Disk Parameters Table在内存中的位置。INT 46h也是如此。

[qjipa]

我试过了，int41无法修改，将int41的地址改后出现divide error,该怎么办？读是可以的。。。

[日立奔腾浪潮微软松下联想]

试试：
先把Disk Parameters Table复制到你的程序分配的内存，修改参数，再修改INT 41h，指向新的Disk Parameters Table。

[日立奔腾浪潮微软松下联想]

要不就是你设置的值有问题。

[日立奔腾浪潮微软松下联想]

在我的机器上是：196 254 80 (hex C4 FE 50)

[qjipa]

请看一下我的代码，是不是这样改的？但参数修改后无效

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dos.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
 #define __CPPARGS ...
#else
 #define __CPPARGS
#endif

struct FDPT
{
 WORD cylns;/*number of cylinders*/
 BYTE heads;/*number of heads*/
 WORD srwcc;/*starting reduced write current cylinder (XT only, 0 for others)*/
 WORD swpcn;/*starting write precompensation cylinder number*/
 BYTE eccburst;/*maximum ECC burst length (XT only)*/
 BYTE controlbyte;/*control byte (see #03197,#03198)*/
 BYTE stimeout;/*standard timeout (XT only, 0 for others)*/
 BYTE ftimeout;/*formatting timeout (XT and WD1002 only, 0 for others)*/
 BYTE cdtimeout;/*timeout for checking drive (XT and WD1002 only, 0 for others)*/
 WORD lzcyl;/*cylinder number of landing zone (AT and later only)*/
 BYTE sects;/*number of sectors per track (AT and later only)*/
 BYTE reserved;/*reserved*/
};

typedef struct FDPT FDPT;

void interrupt (*oldint41)(__CPPARGS);




int main()
{
FDPT fdpt;
unsigned char buffer[512];

oldint41 = getvect(0x41);
fdpt = *((FDPT*)oldint41);
fdpt.stimeout=171;/*这里的3个超时有关的参数除了我的硬盘默认的171,114,20以外,改其他数字硬盘立即无响应，但将int41挂回原地址后，马上正常*/
fdpt.ftimeout=114;
fdpt.cdtimeout=20;

setvect(0x41,(DWORD)&fdpt);
biosdisk(0x9,0x80,0,0,0,0,0);/*无论是否重新初始化，也一样的问题*/

biosdisk(0x2,0x80,2,2,16,buffer,1);/*这里死掉了*/

setvect(0x41,oldint41);

return 0;
}

[qjipa]

找了一些非常古老的资料后发现，int41h可以修改，但也只能在注释上说的IBM PC/XT,WD1002等史前机器，硬盘为chs模式上才能生效，现在的硬盘通通都是LBA了，毫无意义了。。。

还是结贴了罢。。。