mysql行转列有专门的函数吗？

2011-01-17 03:06:16 1.4k 阅读 AI 写同款 · GEO 优化AI 选题数据监测一键分发 ›

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我一直用SQL SERVER的，行转列的话有一些特定函数使用，
但是现在数据库是MYSQL，行转列该怎么做呢?

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ACMAIN_CHM 2011-01-17

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http://blog.csdn.net/ACMAIN_CHM/archive/2009/06/19/4283943.aspx
MySQL交叉表
[Quote]

在某些数据库中有交叉表，但在MySQL中却没有这个功能，但网上看到有不少朋友想找出一个解决方法，特发贴集思广义。
http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090530/23/0b782674-4b0b-4cf5-bc1a-e8914aaee5ab.html?96198
现整理解法如下：

数据样本：

create table tx(
id int primary key,
c1 char(2),
c2 char(2),
c3 int
);

insert into tx values
(1 ,'A1','B1',9),
(2 ,'A2','B1',7),
(3 ,'A3','B1',4),
(4 ,'A4','B1',2),
(5 ,'A1','B2',2),
(6 ,'A2','B2',9),
(7 ,'A3','B2',8),
(8 ,'A4','B2',5),
(9 ,'A1','B3',1),
(10 ,'A2','B3',8),
(11 ,'A3','B3',8),
(12 ,'A4','B3',6),
(13 ,'A1','B4',8),
(14 ,'A2','B4',2),
(15 ,'A3','B4',6),
(16 ,'A4','B4',9),
(17 ,'A1','B4',3),
(18 ,'A2','B4',5),
(19 ,'A3','B4',2),
(20 ,'A4','B4',5);

mysql> select * from tx;
+----+------+------+------+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+------+------+------+
| 1 | A1 | B1 | 9 |
| 2 | A2 | B1 | 7 |
| 3 | A3 | B1 | 4 |
| 4 | A4 | B1 | 2 |
| 5 | A1 | B2 | 2 |
| 6 | A2 | B2 | 9 |
| 7 | A3 | B2 | 8 |
| 8 | A4 | B2 | 5 |
| 9 | A1 | B3 | 1 |
| 10 | A2 | B3 | 8 |
| 11 | A3 | B3 | 8 |
| 12 | A4 | B3 | 6 |
| 13 | A1 | B4 | 8 |
| 14 | A2 | B4 | 2 |
| 15 | A3 | B4 | 6 |
| 16 | A4 | B4 | 9 |
| 17 | A1 | B4 | 3 |
| 18 | A2 | B4 | 5 |
| 19 | A3 | B4 | 2 |
| 20 | A4 | B4 | 5 |
+----+------+------+------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

期望结果

+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|C1 |B1 |B2 |B3 |B4 |Total |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|A1 |9 |2 |1 |11 |23 |
|A2 |7 |9 |8 |7 |31 |
|A3 |4 |8 |8 |8 |28 |
|A4 |2 |5 |6 |14 |27 |
|Total |22 |24 |23 |40 |109 |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+

1. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total

mysql> SELECT
-> IFNULL(c1,'total') AS total,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B1',c3,0)) AS B1,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B2',c3,0)) AS B2,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B3',c3,0)) AS B3,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B4',c3,0)) AS B4,
-> SUM(IF(c2='total',c3,0)) AS total
-> FROM (
-> SELECT c1,IFNULL(c2,'total') AS c2,SUM(c3) AS c3
-> FROM tx
-> GROUP BY c1,c2
-> WITH ROLLUP
-> HAVING c1 IS NOT NULL
-> ) AS A
-> GROUP BY c1
-> WITH ROLLUP;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| total | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | total |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql> select c1,
-> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
-> from tx
-> group by C1
-> UNION
-> SELECT 'TOTAL',sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) FROM TX
-> ;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| c1 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| TOTAL | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

3. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列,直接生成结果不再利用子查询
mysql> select ifnull(c1,'total'),
-> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
-> from tx
-> group by C1 with rollup ;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

4. 动态，适用于列不确定情况，

mysql> SET @EE='';
mysql> SELECT @EE:=CONCAT(@EE,'SUM(IF(C2=\'',C2,'\'',',C3,0)) AS ',C2,',') FROM (SELECT DISTINCT C2 FROM TX) A;

mysql> SET @QQ=CONCAT('SELECT ifnull(c1,\'total\'),',LEFT(@EE,LENGTH(@EE)-1),' ,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL FROM TX GROUP BY C1 WITH ROLLUP');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> PREPARE stmt2 FROM @QQ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared

mysql> EXECUTE stmt2;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

以上均由网友 liangCK , wwwwb , WWWWA , dap570 提供, 再次感谢他们的支持。

其实数据库中也可以用 CASE WHEN / DECODE 代替 IF

[/Quote]

wwwwb 2011-01-17

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有动态、静态，参考
http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090530/23/0b782674-4b0b-4cf5-bc1a-e8914aaee5ab.html
我的回答

小小小小周 2011-01-17

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http://topic.csdn.net/u/20110115/13/9b8b47ee-15bb-45be-87fa-fb9ff4d7cc92.html?20970
看这里,有2个方法;

mysql行转列有专门的函数吗？

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