printf怎么输出颜色?在windows下

2011-09-29 10:16:44 2.4k 阅读 AI 写同款 · GEO 优化AI 选题数据监测一键分发 ›

C语言printf搭配VT100控制码：从彩色日志到终端UI交互终端控制码是计算机与终端之间进行交互的底层协议，其中VT100系列转义序列自上世纪80年代延续至今，被几乎所有现代终端模拟器所兼容。这类控制码以ESC开头，配合C语言的printf输出，就能在不依赖第三方库的情况下实现文字着色、光标定位、清屏等操作，让命令行程序摆脱单调的黑白文本，拥有层次分明的人机交互体验。本文从终端控制码的基本原理出发，解析printf如何通过格式化、流与缓冲机制与之配合，进而介绍彩色日志、动态进度条、清屏菜单等典型应用场景，并针对Windows兼容性、中文乱码、输出重定向等工程实践中常阅读详情

#define NONE "\033[m"

#define RED "\033[0;32;31m"

#define LIGHT_RED "\033[1;31m"

#define GREEN "\033[0;32;32m"

#define LIGHT_GREEN "\033[1;32m"

#define BLUE "\033[0;32;34m"

#define LIGHT_BLUE "\033[1;34m"

#define DARY_GRAY "\033[1;30m"

#define CYAN "\033[0;36m"

#define LIGHT_CYAN "\033[1;36m"

#define PURPLE "\033[0;35m"

#define LIGHT_PURPLE "\033[1;35m"

#define BROWN "\033[0;33m"

#define YELLOW "\033[1;33m"

#define LIGHT_GRAY "\033[0;37m"

#define WHITE "\033[1;37m"

printf("\033[31m ####----->> \033[32m" "hello\n" "\033[m")

int main()

{

printf( CYAN "current function is %s " GREEN " file line is %d\n" NONE,__FUNCTION__, __LINE__ );

fprintf(stderr, RED "current function is %s " BLUE " file line is %d\n" NONE,__FUNCTION__, __LINE__ );

return 0;

}

[0;36mcurrent function is main [0;32;32m file line is 20
[m[0;32;31mcurrent function is main [0;32;34m file line is 21
[m请按任意键继续. . .
上面的好像只在LINUX下有效?
到底该怎么输出颜色？

...全文

C语言终端控制码实战：用printf实现彩色日志与进度条终端交互的底层约定是VT100控制码，它通过ESC转义序列实现颜色、光标移动等操作。C语言的printf输出到stdout，恰好可以作为发送控制指令的通用通道。理解ANSI转义序列的核心语法，就能用简单的宏封装出跨平台的终端工具。在实际工程中，利用SGR颜色码能让日志按级别高亮，利用光标控制码能实现进度条实时刷新和交互式菜单。同时还要注意Windows虚拟终端支持、输出重定向污染等陷阱。掌握这些技术，就能让C语言命令行工具拥有更直观的信息层次和操作体验。阅读详情

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frogoscar 2012-02-01

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受益匪浅～～～～～～～～～～～～～

辰岡墨竹 2011-09-30

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LZ的用的VT100转义序列是是UNIX/Linux的终端才支持的。
Windows下要显示彩色有三个办法，调用ANSI.SYS：
WINNT核心的命令提示符默认没有加载ANSI，按这个设置：
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/101875
之后就可以用ANSI转义序列了，可以方便切换模式和颜色:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_sequence

二是用Turbo C或者Borland C/C++，也可以试试DJGPP，它们有相应的可以调用BIOS显示服务进行高级显示的库，比如前者是conio.h之类的。

第三就是使用Console API，像LS那样，注意最后一种，需要使用VC/LCC-Win32等开发工具建立Win32控制台程序，不能用16位开发工具。

赵4老师 2011-09-30

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搜ANSI.SYS
另外参考下面：

#include <windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>



void ConPrint(char *CharBuffer, int len);

void ConPrintAt(int x, int y, char *CharBuffer, int len);

void gotoXY(int x, int y);

void ClearConsole(void);

void ClearConsoleToColors(int ForgC, int BackC);

void SetColorAndBackground(int ForgC, int BackC);

void SetColor(int ForgC);

void HideTheCursor(void);

void ShowTheCursor(void);



int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

   HideTheCursor();

   ClearConsoleToColors(15, 1);

   ClearConsole();

   gotoXY(1, 1);

   SetColor(14);

   printf("This is a test...\n");

   Sleep(5000);

   ShowTheCursor();

   SetColorAndBackground(15, 12);

   ConPrint("This is also a test...\n", 23);

   SetColorAndBackground(1, 7);

   ConPrintAt(22, 15, "This is also a test...\n", 23);

   gotoXY(0, 24);

   SetColorAndBackground(7, 1);

   return 0;

}



//This will clear the console while setting the forground and

//background colors.

void ClearConsoleToColors(int ForgC, int BackC)

{

   WORD wColor = ((BackC & 0x0F) << 4) + (ForgC & 0x0F);

   //Get the handle to the current output buffer...

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

   //This is used to reset the carat/cursor to the top left.

   COORD coord = {0, 0};

   //A return value... indicating how many chars were written

   //not used but we need to capture this since it will be

   //written anyway (passing NULL causes an access violation).

   DWORD count;



   //This is a structure containing all of the console info

   // it is used here to find the size of the console.

   CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;

   //Here we will set the current color

   SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdOut, wColor);

   if(GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdOut, &csbi))

   {

      //This fills the buffer with a given character (in this case 32=space).

      FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hStdOut, (TCHAR) 32, csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y, coord, &count);



      FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hStdOut, csbi.wAttributes, csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y, coord, &count);

      //This will set our cursor position for the next print statement.

      SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdOut, coord);

   }

}



//This will clear the console.

void ClearConsole()

{

   //Get the handle to the current output buffer...

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

   //This is used to reset the carat/cursor to the top left.

   COORD coord = {0, 0};

   //A return value... indicating how many chars were written

   //   not used but we need to capture this since it will be

   //   written anyway (passing NULL causes an access violation).

   DWORD count;

   //This is a structure containing all of the console info

   // it is used here to find the size of the console.

   CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;

   //Here we will set the current color

   if(GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdOut, &csbi))

   {

      //This fills the buffer with a given character (in this case 32=space).

      FillConsoleOutputCharacter(hStdOut, (TCHAR) 32, csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y, coord, &count);

      FillConsoleOutputAttribute(hStdOut, csbi.wAttributes, csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y, coord, &count);

      //This will set our cursor position for the next print statement.

      SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdOut, coord);

   }

}



//This will set the position of the cursor

void gotoXY(int x, int y)

{

   //Initialize the coordinates

   COORD coord = {x, y};

   //Set the position

   SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coord);

}



//This will set the forground color for printing in a console window.

void SetColor(int ForgC)

{

   WORD wColor;

   //We will need this handle to get the current background attribute

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

   CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;



   //We use csbi for the wAttributes word.

   if(GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hStdOut, &csbi))

   {

      //Mask out all but the background attribute, and add in the forgournd color

      wColor = (csbi.wAttributes & 0xF0) + (ForgC & 0x0F);

      SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdOut, wColor);

   }

}



//This will set the forground and background color for printing in a console window.

void SetColorAndBackground(int ForgC, int BackC)

{

   WORD wColor = ((BackC & 0x0F) << 4) + (ForgC & 0x0F);;

   SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), wColor);

}



//Direct console output

void ConPrint(char *CharBuffer, int len)

{

   DWORD count;

   WriteConsole(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), CharBuffer, len, &count, NULL);

}



//Direct Console output at a particular coordinate.

void ConPrintAt(int x, int y, char *CharBuffer, int len)

{

   DWORD count;

   COORD coord = {x, y};

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

   SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdOut, coord);

   WriteConsole(hStdOut, CharBuffer, len, &count, NULL);

}



//Hides the console cursor

void HideTheCursor()

{

   CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cciCursor;

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);



   if(GetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdOut, &cciCursor))

   {

      cciCursor.bVisible = FALSE;

      SetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdOut, &cciCursor);

   }

}



//Shows the console cursor

void ShowTheCursor()

{

   CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cciCursor;

   HANDLE hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);



   if(GetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdOut, &cciCursor))

   {

      cciCursor.bVisible = TRUE;

      SetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdOut, &cciCursor);

   }

}

szqh97 2011-09-30

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控制台下好像有个setcolor函数吧，具体不清楚了

troyXyz 2011-09-30

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3L正解

_了凡_ 2011-09-29

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啊，又是“字符界面”问题，楼主你用的这个叫转义字符，以前有弄过，
在linux等终端下是可以显示彩色字符的，但是在window下的那个终端就是
显示不了，不支持的，所以此路不通（不要疑问，就是这样的）。
要在"晕倒死"下面显示彩色字符的话
一种：使用老古董“TC”或者"BC"，
它有个头文件叫conio.h，然后就可以调用如textcolor、textbackground等函数了，
但是这个头文件在Windows系列中例如（VC6等），虽然也有这个头文件，但是
你若是打开看看的话，里面是不支持这些函数；
二种：使用如3楼所示的Windows支持的console终端函数，方法多了去了，至于怎么用，
可以参考这个：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/unnamedterriest/2604163
已将TC下的那个conio.h移植到了VC6下，然后就是你的事了（不好意思，需要积分，
我也不知道怎么将下载需要积分的给取消，实在不行，给我留言，我发给你）。Good luck。

星羽 2011-09-29

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#include "stdio.h"

#include "windows.h"



void set_console_color(unsigned short color_index)

{

    SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), color_index);

}



int main()

{

    set_console_color(6);

    printf("%s", "hello");

    set_console_color(9);

    printf("%s\n", " world");



    return 0;

}

color_index, 是你在控制台窗口属性->颜色里的颜色索引

星羽 2011-09-29

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这个是linux的格式,你是在linux上么

seucs 2011-09-29

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输出颜色不是printf能做的事情，用setcolor函数，函数原型如下
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
void setcolor(int color) // 功能:将当前图形屏幕的当前笔画颜色置为color.

printf怎么输出颜色?在windows下

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