请教SQL语句

[抓不住老鼠的猫-总是眼睁睁看它逃跑]

部门表字段：部门、员工
员工表字段：员工、等级
查每个部门每个等级的员工有几个，怎么得找这种查询结果：
部门A 部门B ...
1级 2 1
2级 3 5
3级 2 3
.
.
.

求各位帮帮忙

[wxxxdwlt]

老也不用VS。。写不出来了。。

[三柱]

select 部门编号，员工等级号，count(1) from 部门表 A ,员工表 B where 部门员工号 = 员工表员工号 group by 部门编号，员工等级号

试一下

[胖虎gogogo]

--类似例子
select job "职位",sum(f1) "部门1",sum(f2) "部门2",sum(f3) "部门3"
from
(select job,
       case when deptno = 10 then 1 else 0 end f1,
       case when deptno = 20 then 1 else 0 end f2,
       case when deptno = 30 then 1 else 0 end f3
from         
(select d.deptno, d.dname,job from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno)
) 
group by job;

[快溜]

老鼠还搞oracle了

[---涛声依旧---]

Oracle的行列转换问题，可以参考：http://www.itpub.net/thread-1017026-1-1.html

[kkkn2w]

[opps_zhou]

with dept as
(
    select '部门A' dname, 100  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 101  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 102  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 103  as empno from dual 
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 104  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 105  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 106  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 107  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 200  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 201  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 202  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 203  as empno from dual 
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 204  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 205  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 206  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 207  as empno from dual
),
emp as
(
    select 100  as empno, 1 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 101  as empno, 1 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 102  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 103  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual 
     union all
    select 104  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 105  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 106  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 107  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 200  as empno, 1 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 201  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 202  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 203  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual 
     union all
    select 204  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 205  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 206  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 207  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
)
select lvl,
       sum(case when dname = '部门A' then 1 else 0 end) as "部门A",
       sum(case when dname = '部门B' then 1 else 0 end) as "部门B"
  from dept a, emp b
 where a.empno = b.empno
 group by lvl;


       LVL        部门A        部门B
---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          1
         2          3          4
         3          3          3

[opps_zhou]

with dept as
(
    select '部门A' dname, 100  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 101  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 102  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 103  as empno from dual 
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 104  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 105  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 106  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门A' dname, 107  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 200  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 201  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 202  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 203  as empno from dual 
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 204  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 205  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 206  as empno from dual
     union all
    select '部门B' dname, 207  as empno from dual
),
emp as
(
    select 100  as empno, 1 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 101  as empno, 1 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 102  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 103  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual 
     union all
    select 104  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 105  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 106  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 107  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 200  as empno, 4 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 201  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 202  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 203  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual 
     union all
    select 204  as empno, 2 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 205  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 206  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
     union all
    select 207  as empno, 3 as lvl  from dual
)
select lvl,
       sum(case when dname = '部门A' then 1 else 0 end) as "部门A",
       sum(case when dname = '部门B' then 1 else 0 end) as "部门B"
  from dept a right join emp b
    on a.empno = b.empno
 group by lvl
 order by lvl;


       LVL        部门A        部门B
---------- ---------- ----------
         1          2          0
         2          3          4
         3          3          3
         4          0          1

稍微修改下

[luyun2011]

SELECT 等级,SUM(员工) over (PARTITION BY 部门)
FROM 部门表,员工表
WHERE 部门表.员工 = 员工表.员工

[---涛声依旧---]

部门若有N个，就要动态生成，那就比较麻烦了，需要另外写SP来实现了

[---涛声依旧---]

行转列

CREATE TABLE t_row_col AS
SELECT id, 'c1' cn, c1 cv
FROM t_col_row
UNION ALL
SELECT id, 'c2' cn, c2 cv
FROM t_col_row
UNION ALL
SELECT id, 'c3' cn, c3 cv FROM t_col_row;

SELECT * FROM t_row_col ORDER BY 1,2;

1)AGGREGATE FUNCTION
适用范围：8i,9i,10g及以后版本
SELECT id,
MAX(decode(cn, 'c1', cv, NULL)) AS c1,
MAX(decode(cn, 'c2', cv, NULL)) AS c2,
MAX(decode(cn, 'c3', cv, NULL)) AS c3
FROM t_row_col
GROUP BY id
ORDER BY 1;

MAX聚集函数也可以用sum、min、avg等其他聚集函数替代。

被指定的转置列只能有一列，但固定的列可以有多列，请看下面的例子：

SELECT mgr, deptno, empno, ename FROM emp ORDER BY 1, 2;

SELECT mgr,
deptno,
MAX(decode(empno, '7788', ename, NULL)) "7788",
MAX(decode(empno, '7902', ename, NULL)) "7902",
MAX(decode(empno, '7844', ename, NULL)) "7844",
MAX(decode(empno, '7521', ename, NULL)) "7521",
MAX(decode(empno, '7900', ename, NULL)) "7900",
MAX(decode(empno, '7499', ename, NULL)) "7499",
MAX(decode(empno, '7654', ename, NULL)) "7654"
FROM emp
WHERE mgr IN (7566, 7698)
AND deptno IN (20, 30)
GROUP BY mgr, deptno
ORDER BY 1, 2;

这里转置列为empno，固定列为mgr，deptno。

还有一种行转列的方式，就是相同组中的行值变为单个列值，但转置的行值不变为列名：

ID CN_1 CV_1 CN_2 CV_2 CN_3 CV_3
1 c1 v11 c2 v21 c3 v31
2 c1 v12 c2 v22 c3
3 c1 v13 c2 c3 v33
4 c1 c2 v24 c3 v34
5 c1 v15 c2 c3
6 c1 c2 c3 v35
7 c1 c2 c3

这种情况可以用分析函数实现：

SELECT id,
MAX(decode(rn, 1, cn, NULL)) cn_1,
MAX(decode(rn, 1, cv, NULL)) cv_1,
MAX(decode(rn, 2, cn, NULL)) cn_2,
MAX(decode(rn, 2, cv, NULL)) cv_2,
MAX(decode(rn, 3, cn, NULL)) cn_3,
MAX(decode(rn, 3, cv, NULL)) cv_3
FROM (SELECT id,
cn,
cv,
row_number() over(PARTITION BY id ORDER BY cn, cv) rn
FROM t_row_col)
GROUP BY ID;

2)PL/SQL
适用范围：8i,9i,10g及以后版本
这种对于行值不固定的情况可以使用。
下面是我写的一个包，包中
p_rows_column_real用于前述的第一种不限定列的转换；
p_rows_column用于前述的第二种不限定列的转换。

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pkg_dynamic_rows_column AS
TYPE refc IS REF CURSOR;

PROCEDURE p_print_sql(p_txt VARCHAR2);

FUNCTION f_split_str(p_str VARCHAR2, p_division VARCHAR2, p_seq INT)
RETURN VARCHAR2;

PROCEDURE p_rows_column(p_table IN VARCHAR2,
p_keep_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_where IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,
p_refc IN OUT refc);

PROCEDURE p_rows_column_real(p_table IN VARCHAR2,
p_keep_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_col IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_val IN VARCHAR2,
p_where IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,
p_refc IN OUT refc);
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY pkg_dynamic_rows_column AS

PROCEDURE p_print_sql(p_txt VARCHAR2) IS
v_len INT;
BEGIN
v_len := length(p_txt);
FOR i IN 1 .. v_len / 250 + 1 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(substrb(p_txt, (i - 1) * 250 + 1, 250));
END LOOP;
END;

FUNCTION f_split_str(p_str VARCHAR2, p_division VARCHAR2, p_seq INT)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
v_first INT;
v_last INT;
BEGIN
IF p_seq < 1 THEN
RETURN NULL;
END IF;
IF p_seq = 1 THEN
IF instr(p_str, p_division, 1, p_seq) = 0 THEN
RETURN p_str;
ELSE
RETURN substr(p_str, 1, instr(p_str, p_division, 1) - 1);
END IF;
ELSE
v_first := instr(p_str, p_division, 1, p_seq - 1);
v_last := instr(p_str, p_division, 1, p_seq);
IF (v_last = 0) THEN
IF (v_first > 0) THEN
RETURN substr(p_str, v_first + 1);
ELSE
RETURN NULL;
END IF;
ELSE
RETURN substr(p_str, v_first + 1, v_last - v_first - 1);
END IF;
END IF;
END f_split_str;

PROCEDURE p_rows_column(p_table IN VARCHAR2,
p_keep_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_where IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,
p_refc IN OUT refc) IS
v_sql VARCHAR2(4000);
TYPE v_keep_ind_by IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(4000) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
v_keep v_keep_ind_by;

TYPE v_pivot_ind_by IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(4000) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
v_pivot v_pivot_ind_by;

v_keep_cnt INT;
v_pivot_cnt INT;
v_max_cols INT;
v_partition VARCHAR2(4000);
v_partition1 VARCHAR2(4000);
v_partition2 VARCHAR2(4000);
BEGIN
v_keep_cnt := length(p_keep_cols) - length(REPLACE(p_keep_cols, ',')) + 1;
v_pivot_cnt := length(p_pivot_cols) -
length(REPLACE(p_pivot_cols, ',')) + 1;
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep_cnt LOOP
v_keep(i) := f_split_str(p_keep_cols, ',', i);
END LOOP;
FOR j IN 1 .. v_pivot_cnt LOOP
v_pivot(j) := f_split_str(p_pivot_cols, ',', j);
END LOOP;
v_sql := 'select max(count(*)) from ' || p_table || ' group by ';
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep.LAST LOOP
v_sql := v_sql || v_keep(i) || ',';
END LOOP;
v_sql := rtrim(v_sql, ',');
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql
INTO v_max_cols;
v_partition := 'select ';
FOR x IN 1 .. v_keep.COUNT LOOP
v_partition1 := v_partition1 || v_keep(x) || ',';
END LOOP;
FOR y IN 1 .. v_pivot.COUNT LOOP
v_partition2 := v_partition2 || v_pivot(y) || ',';
END LOOP;
v_partition1 := rtrim(v_partition1, ',');
v_partition2 := rtrim(v_partition2, ',');
v_partition := v_partition || v_partition1 || ',' || v_partition2 ||
', row_number() over (partition by ' || v_partition1 ||
' order by ' || v_partition2 || ') rn from ' || p_table;
v_partition := rtrim(v_partition, ',');
v_sql := 'select ';
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep.COUNT LOOP
v_sql := v_sql || v_keep(i) || ',';
END LOOP;
FOR i IN 1 .. v_max_cols LOOP
FOR j IN 1 .. v_pivot.COUNT LOOP
v_sql := v_sql || ' max(decode(rn,' || i || ',' || v_pivot(j) ||
',null))' || v_pivot(j) || '_' || i || ',';
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
IF p_where IS NOT NULL THEN
v_sql := rtrim(v_sql, ',') || ' from (' || v_partition || ' ' ||
p_where || ') group by ';
ELSE
v_sql := rtrim(v_sql, ',') || ' from (' || v_partition ||
') group by ';
END IF;
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep.COUNT LOOP
v_sql := v_sql || v_keep(i) || ',';
END LOOP;
v_sql := rtrim(v_sql, ',');
p_print_sql(v_sql);
OPEN p_refc FOR v_sql;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
OPEN p_refc FOR
SELECT 'x' FROM dual WHERE 0 = 1;
END;

PROCEDURE p_rows_column_real(p_table IN VARCHAR2,
p_keep_cols IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_col IN VARCHAR2,
p_pivot_val IN VARCHAR2,
p_where IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,
p_refc IN OUT refc) IS
v_sql VARCHAR2(4000);
TYPE v_keep_ind_by IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(4000) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
v_keep v_keep_ind_by;
TYPE v_pivot_ind_by IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(4000) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
v_pivot v_pivot_ind_by;
v_keep_cnt INT;
v_group_by VARCHAR2(2000);
BEGIN
v_keep_cnt := length(p_keep_cols) - length(REPLACE(p_keep_cols, ',')) + 1;
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep_cnt LOOP
v_keep(i) := f_split_str(p_keep_cols, ',', i);
END LOOP;
v_sql := 'select ' || 'cast(' || p_pivot_col ||
' as varchar2(200)) as ' || p_pivot_col || ' from ' || p_table ||
' group by ' || p_pivot_col;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql BULK COLLECT
INTO v_pivot;
FOR i IN 1 .. v_keep.COUNT LOOP
v_group_by := v_group_by || v_keep(i) || ',';
END LOOP;
v_group_by := rtrim(v_group_by, ',');
v_sql := 'select ' || v_group_by || ',';

FOR x IN 1 .. v_pivot.COUNT LOOP
v_sql := v_sql || ' max(decode(' || p_pivot_col || ',' || chr(39) ||
v_pivot(x) || chr(39) || ',' || p_pivot_val ||
',null)) as "' || v_pivot(x) || '",';
END LOOP;
v_sql := rtrim(v_sql, ',');
IF p_where IS NOT NULL THEN
v_sql := v_sql || ' from ' || p_table || p_where || ' group by ' ||
v_group_by;
ELSE
v_sql := v_sql || ' from ' || p_table || ' group by ' || v_group_by;
END IF;
p_print_sql(v_sql);
OPEN p_refc FOR v_sql;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
OPEN p_refc FOR
SELECT 'x' FROM dual WHERE 0 = 1;
END;

END;

[我爱葵花]

好厉害啊

[nvhaixx]

[Quote=引用 9 楼 fuwenhai 的回复:]
SELECT 等级,SUM(员工) over (PARTITION BY 部门)
FROM 部门表,员工表
WHERE 部门表.员工 = 员工表.员工
[/Quote]
+1