linux共享内存通信问题

[hanyunqi]

我想通过共享内存（shmget/shmat/shmdt/shmctl）实现父子进程间的通信（fork()）。
主要内容就是，申请一段共享内存，子进程向这段内存中写数据，父进程读出来。
可是，我在子进程中写完了，在子进程中可以读，在父进程中却读不出来。
这个问题，已经困扰我一天了，求大神帮忙。
源代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int shm_id, shm_key = 12345;
unsigned short errno;
void **shmptr;
shm_id = shmget((key_t)shm_key, (size_t)(sizeof(char) * 100), IPC_CREAT|0666);
if (shm_id < 0)
{
printf("change the shm_key\n.");
return 0;
}
printf("shm_id = %d\n", shm_id);

shmptr = new void *;
*shmptr = NULL;


pid_t pid;
int count=0;
pid = fork();
printf( "This is first time, pid = %d\n", pid );
printf( "This is secONd time, pid = %d\n", pid );
if ( pid>0 )
{

*shmptr = (char *)shmat(shm_id, 0, 0);
if (*shmptr == (void *)-1)
{
printf("shmat fail.\n");
perror("shmat error");
return 0;
}
//sleep(1);
printf( "This is the parent Process.\n");
printf("%s\n",shmptr);

}
else if ( 0 == pid )
{
*shmptr = (char *)shmat(shm_id, 0, 0);
if (*shmptr == (void *)-1)
{
printf("shmat fail.\n");
perror("shmat error");
return 0;
}
printf( "This is the child Process.\n");
strcpy((char *)shmptr, "123qweasd123");
printf("%s\n",shmptr);
}
else
{
printf( "fork failed.\n" );
}
printf( "This is third time, pid = %d\n", pid );
printf( "This is fouth time, pid = %d\n", pid );
//printf("%s\n",shmptr);




//释放共享内存
if (-1 == shmdt(shmptr))
{
printf("shmdt == -1\n");
perror("shmdt error");
return 0;
}
if (-1 == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, 0))
{
printf("shmctl == -1\n");
return 0;
}
return 0;
}


运行结果如下：
shm_id = 2261058
This is first time, pid = 0
This is secONd time, pid = 0
This is the child Process.
123qweasd123
This is third time, pid = 0
This is fouth time, pid = 0
shmdt == -1
shmdt error: Invalid argument
This is first time, pid = 13324
This is secONd time, pid = 13324
This is the parent Process.

This is third time, pid = 13324
This is fouth time, pid = 13324
shmdt == -1
shmdt error: Invalid argument

[allenbein]

有可能子进程运行了一半，父进程已经退了，子进程也被迫退了。fork一个子进程是需要时间的。在父进程中加一个pthread_join函数来等子进程结束，然后父进程再往下运行。
你试一下

[allenbein]

错了错了，进程的话应该用wait或者waitpid这两个函数来等子进程退出，pthread_join是用于线程通信的。

[追风筝的猪]

试试 判断确定为父进程的时候 先加上个sleep（1）；因为fork（）父子进程的执行顺序是不确定的。

[追风筝的猪]

[root@localhost test]# ./fork
shm_id = 393226
This is first time, pid = 0
This is secONd time, pid = 0
This is the child Process.
123qweasd123
This is third time, pid = 0
This is fouth time, pid = 0
shmdt == -1
shmdt error: Invalid argument
This is first time, pid = 24116
This is secONd time, pid = 24116
This is the parent Process.

This is third time, pid = 24116
This is fouth time, pid = 24116
shmdt == -1
shmdt error: Invalid argument
[root@localhost test]#

[追风筝的猪]

shm_id = 393226
This is first time, pid = 0
This is secONd time, pid = 0
This is the child Process.
123qweasd123
This is first time, pid = 24690
This is secONd time, pid = 24690
This is the parent Process.
123qweasd123

[追风筝的猪]

这个shmat函数
成功时，这个函数返回共享内存的起始地址。
失败时返回-1

所以你的printf("%s\n",shmptr);
地址就是错的 该是*shmptr

[诚朴勇毅]

换成C++代码吧

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int shm_id, shm_key = 12345;
unsigned short errno;
void **shmptr;
shm_id = shmget((key_t)shm_key, (size_t)(sizeof(char) * 100), IPC_CREAT|0666);
if (shm_id < 0)
{
printf("change the shm_key\n.");
return 0;
}
printf("shm_id = %d\n", shm_id);

shmptr = new void *;
*shmptr = NULL;


pid_t pid;
int count=0;
pid = fork();
printf( "This is first time, pid = %d\n", pid );
printf( "This is secONd time, pid = %d\n", pid );
if ( pid>0 )
{

*shmptr = (char *)shmat(shm_id, 0, 0);
if (*shmptr == (void *)-1)
{
printf("shmat fail.\n");
perror("shmat error");
return 0;
}
//sleep(1);
printf( "This is the parent Process.\n");
printf("%s\n",shmptr);

}
else if ( 0 == pid )
{
*shmptr = (char *)shmat(shm_id, 0, 0);
if (*shmptr == (void *)-1)
{
printf("shmat fail.\n");
perror("shmat error");
return 0;
}
printf( "This is the child Process.\n");
strcpy((char *)shmptr, "123qweasd123");
printf("%s\n",shmptr);
}
else
{
printf( "fork failed.\n" );
}
printf( "This is third time, pid = %d\n", pid );
printf( "This is fouth time, pid = %d\n", pid );
//printf("%s\n",shmptr);




//释放共享内存
if (-1 == shmdt(shmptr))
{
printf("shmdt == -1\n");
perror("shmdt error");
return 0;
}
if (-1 == shmctl(shm_id, IPC_RMID, 0))
{
printf("shmctl == -1\n");
return 0;
}
return 0;
}