Access Error: Site or Page Not Found Cannot open URL

lovezichao 2013-08-12 06:29:48

RT：
打开网页就出现这个，这个是什么问题，求解决方法。。。。

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[PHP] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; About php.ini ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; PHP's initialization file, generally called php.ini, is responsible for ; configuring many of the aspects of PHP's behavior. ; PHP attempts to find and load this configuration from a number of locations. ; The following is a summary of its search order: ; 1. SAPI module specific location. ; 2. The PHPRC environment variable. (As of PHP 5.2.0) ; 3. A number of predefined registry keys on Windows (As of PHP 5.2.0) ; 4. Current working directory (except CLI) ; 5. The web server's directory (for SAPI modules), or directory of PHP ; (otherwise in Windows) ; 6. The directory from the --with-config-file-path compile time option, or the ; Windows directory (C:\windows or C:\winnt) ; See the PHP docs for more specific information. ; http://php.net/configuration.file ; The syntax of the file is extremely simple. Whitespace and lines ; beginning with a semicolon are silently ignored (as you probably guessed). ; Section headers (e.g. [Foo]) are also silently ignored, even though ; they might mean something in the future. ; Directives following the section heading [PATH=/www/mysite] only ; apply to PHP files in the /www/mysite directory. Directives ; following the section heading [HOST=www.example.com] only apply to ; PHP files served from www.example.com. Directives set in these ; special sections cannot be overridden by user-defined INI files or ; at runtime. Currently, [PATH=] and [HOST=] sections only work under ; CGI/FastCGI. ; http://php.net/ini.sections ; Directives are specified using the following syntax: ; directive = value ; Directive names are *case sensitive* - foo=bar is different from FOO=bar. ; Directives are variables used to configure PHP or PHP extensions. ; There is no name validation. If PHP can't find an expected ; directive because it is not set or is mistyped, a default value will be used. ; The value can be a string, a number, a PHP constant (e.g. E_ALL or M_PI), one ; of the INI constants (On, Off, True, False, Yes, No and None) or an expression ; (e.g. E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE), a quoted string ("bar"), or a reference to a ; previously set variable or directive (e.g. ${foo}) ; Expressions in the INI file are limited to bitwise operators and parentheses: ; | bitwise OR ; ^ bitwise XOR ; & bitwise AND ; ~ bitwise NOT ; ! boolean NOT ; Boolean flags can be turned on using the values 1, On, True or Yes. ; They can be turned off using the values 0, Off, False or No. ; An empty string can be denoted by simply not writing anything after the equal ; sign, or by using the None keyword: ; foo = ; sets foo to an empty string ; foo = None ; sets foo to an empty string ; foo = "None" ; sets foo to the string 'None' ; If you use constants in your value, and these constants belong to a ; dynamically loaded extension (either a PHP extension or a Zend extension), ; you may only use these constants *after* the line that loads the extension. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; About this file ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; PHP comes packaged with two INI files. One that is recommended to be used ; in production environments and one that is recommended to be used in ; development environments. ; php.ini-production contains settings which hold security, performance and ; best practices at its core. But please be aware, these settings may break ; compatibility with older or less security conscience applications. We ; recommending using the production ini in production and testing environments. ; php.ini-development is very similar to its production variant, except it's ; much more verbose when it comes to errors. We recommending using the ; development version only in development environments as errors shown to ; application users can inadvertently leak otherwise secure information. ; This is php.ini-development INI file. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Quick Reference ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; The following are all the settings which are different in either the production ; or development versions of the INIs with respect to PHP's default behavior. ; Please see the actual settings later in the document for more details as to why ; we recommend these changes in PHP's behavior. ; display_errors ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; display_startup_errors ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; error_reporting ; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED ; Development Value: E_ALL ; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT ; html_errors ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production value: On ; log_errors ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; max_input_time ; Default Value: -1 (Unlimited) ; Development Value: 60 (60 seconds) ; Production Value: 60 (60 seconds) ; output_buffering ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: 4096 ; Production Value: 4096 ; register_argc_argv ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: Off ; Production Value: Off ; request_order ; Default Value: None ; Development Value: "GP" ; Production Value: "GP" ; session.gc_divisor ; Default Value: 100 ; Development Value: 1000 ; Production Value: 1000 ; session.hash_bits_per_character ; Default Value: 4 ; Development Value: 5 ; Production Value: 5 ; short_open_tag ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: Off ; Production Value: Off ; track_errors ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; url_rewriter.tags ; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset=" ; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; variables_order ; Default Value: "EGPCS" ; Development Value: "GPCS" ; Production Value: "GPCS" ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; php.ini Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Name for user-defined php.ini (.htaccess) files. Default is ".user.ini" ;user_ini.filename = ".user.ini" ; To disable this feature set this option to empty value ;user_ini.filename = ; TTL for user-defined php.ini files (time-to-live) in seconds. Default is 300 seconds (5 minutes) ;user_ini.cache_ttl = 300 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Language Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Enable the PHP scripting language engine under Apache. ; http://php.net/engine engine = On ; This directive determines whether or not PHP will recognize code between ; tags as PHP source which should be processed as such. It is ; generally recommended that should be used and that this feature ; should be disabled, as enabling it may result in issues when generating XML ; documents, however this remains supported for backward compatibility reasons. ; Note that this directive does not control the open-tag short_open_tag = Off ; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags. ; http://php.net/asp-tags asp_tags = Off ; The number of significant digits displayed in floating point numbers. ; http://php.net/precision precision = 14 ; Output buffering is a mechanism for controlling how much output data ; (excluding headers and cookies) PHP should keep internally before pushing that ; data to the client. If your application's output exceeds this setting, PHP ; will send that data in chunks of roughly the size you specify. ; Turning on this setting and managing its maximum buffer size can yield some ; interesting side-effects depending on your application and web server. ; You may be able to send headers and cookies after you've already sent output ; through print or echo. You also may see performance benefits if your server is ; emitting less packets due to buffered output versus PHP streaming the output ; as it gets it. On production servers, 4096 bytes is a good setting for performance ; reasons. ; Note: Output buffering can also be controlled via Output Buffering Control ; functions. ; Possible Values: ; On = Enabled and buffer is unlimited. (Use with caution) ; Off = Disabled ; Integer = Enables the buffer and sets its maximum size in bytes. ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: 4096 ; Production Value: 4096 ; http://php.net/output-buffering output_buffering = 4096 ; You can redirect all of the output of your scripts to a function. For ; example, if you set output_handler to "mb_output_handler", character ; encoding will be transparently converted to the specified encoding. ; Setting any output handler automatically turns on output buffering. ; Note: People who wrote portable scripts should not depend on this ini ; directive. Instead, explicitly set the output handler using ob_start(). ; Using this ini directive may cause problems unless you know what script ; is doing. ; Note: You cannot use both "mb_output_handler" with "ob_iconv_handler" ; and you cannot use both "ob_gzhandler" and "zlib.output_compression". ; Note: output_handler must be empty if this is set 'On' !!!! ; Instead you must use zlib.output_handler. ; http://php.net/output-handler ;output_handler = ; Transparent output compression using the zlib library ; Valid values for this option are 'off', 'on', or a specific buffer size ; to be used for compression (default is 4KB) ; Note: Resulting chunk size may vary due to nature of compression. PHP ; outputs chunks that are few hundreds bytes each as a result of ; compression. If you prefer a larger chunk size for better ; performance, enable output_buffering in addition. ; Note: You need to use zlib.output_handler instead of the standard ; output_handler, or otherwise the output will be corrupted. ; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression zlib.output_compression = Off ; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression-level ;zlib.output_compression_level = -1 ; You cannot specify additional output handlers if zlib.output_compression ; is activated here. This setting does the same as output_handler but in ; a different order. ; http://php.net/zlib.output-handler ;zlib.output_handler = ; Implicit flush tells PHP to tell the output layer to flush itself ; automatically after every output block. This is equivalent to calling the ; PHP function flush() after each and every call to print() or echo() and each ; and every HTML block. Turning this option on has serious performance ; implications and is generally recommended for debugging purposes only. ; http://php.net/implicit-flush ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI implicit_flush = Off ; The unserialize callback function will be called (with the undefined class' ; name as parameter), if the unserializer finds an undefined class ; which should be instantiated. A warning appears if the specified function is ; not defined, or if the function doesn't include/implement the missing class. ; So only set this entry, if you really want to implement such a ; callback-function. unserialize_callback_func = ; When floats & doubles are serialized store serialize_precision significant ; digits after the floating point. The default value ensures that when floats ; are decoded with unserialize, the data will remain the same. serialize_precision = 17 ; open_basedir, if set, limits all file operations to the defined directory ; and below. This directive makes most sense if used in a per-directory ; or per-virtualhost web server configuration file. This directive is ; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off. ; http://php.net/open-basedir ;open_basedir = ; This directive allows you to disable certain functions for security reasons. ; It receives a comma-delimited list of function names. This directive is ; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off. ; http://php.net/disable-functions disable_functions = ; This directive allows you to disable certain classes for security reasons. ; It receives a comma-delimited list of class names. This directive is ; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off. ; http://php.net/disable-classes disable_classes = ; Colors for Syntax Highlighting mode. Anything that's acceptable in ; would work. ; http://php.net/syntax-highlighting ;highlight.string = #DD0000 ;highlight.comment = #FF9900 ;highlight.keyword = #007700 ;highlight.default = #0000BB ;highlight.html = #000000 ; If enabled, the request will be allowed to complete even if the user aborts ; the request. Consider enabling it if executing long requests, which may end up ; being interrupted by the user or a browser timing out. PHP's default behavior ; is to disable this feature. ; http://php.net/ignore-user-abort ;ignore_user_abort = On ; Determines the size of the realpath cache to be used by PHP. This value should ; be increased on systems where PHP opens many files to reflect the quantity of ; the file operations performed. ; http://php.net/realpath-cache-size ;realpath_cache_size = 16k ; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given ; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this ; value. ; http://php.net/realpath-cache-ttl ;realpath_cache_ttl = 120 ; Enables or disables the circular reference collector. ; http://php.net/zend.enable-gc zend.enable_gc = On ; If enabled, scripts may be written in encodings that are incompatible with ; the scanner. CP936, Big5, CP949 and Shift_JIS are the examples of such ; encodings. To use this feature, mbstring extension must be enabled. ; Default: Off ;zend.multibyte = Off ; Allows to set the default encoding for the scripts. This value will be used ; unless "declare(encoding=...)" directive appears at the top of the script. ; Only affects if zend.multibyte is set. ; Default: "" ;zend.script_encoding = ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Miscellaneous ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Decides whether PHP may expose the fact that it is installed on the server ; (e.g. by adding its signature to the Web server header). It is no security ; threat in any way, but it makes it possible to determine whether you use PHP ; on your server or not. ; http://php.net/expose-php expose_php = On ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Resource Limits ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds ; http://php.net/max-execution-time ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to 0 for the CLI SAPI max_execution_time = 30 ; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data. It's a good ; idea to limit this time on productions servers in order to eliminate unexpectedly ; long running scripts. ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to -1 for the CLI SAPI ; Default Value: -1 (Unlimited) ; Development Value: 60 (60 seconds) ; Production Value: 60 (60 seconds) ; http://php.net/max-input-time max_input_time = 60 ; Maximum input variable nesting level ; http://php.net/max-input-nesting-level ;max_input_nesting_level = 64 ; How many GET/POST/COOKIE input variables may be accepted ; max_input_vars = 1000 ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB) ; http://php.net/memory-limit memory_limit = 128M ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Error handling and logging ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; This directive informs PHP of which errors, warnings and notices you would like ; it to take action for. The recommended way of setting values for this ; directive is through the use of the error level constants and bitwise ; operators. The error level constants are below here for convenience as well as ; some common settings and their meanings. ; By default, PHP is set to take action on all errors, notices and warnings EXCEPT ; those related to E_NOTICE and E_STRICT, which together cover best practices and ; recommended coding standards in PHP. For performance reasons, this is the ; recommend error reporting setting. Your production server shouldn't be wasting ; resources complaining about best practices and coding standards. That's what ; development servers and development settings are for. ; Note: The php.ini-development file has this setting as E_ALL. This ; means it pretty much reports everything which is exactly what you want during ; development and early testing. ; ; Error Level Constants: ; E_ALL - All errors and warnings (includes E_STRICT as of PHP 5.4.0) ; E_ERROR - fatal run-time errors ; E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR - almost fatal run-time errors ; E_WARNING - run-time warnings (non-fatal errors) ; E_PARSE - compile-time parse errors ; E_NOTICE - run-time notices (these are warnings which often result ; from a bug in your code, but it's possible that it was ; intentional (e.g., using an uninitialized variable and ; relying on the fact it's automatically initialized to an ; empty string) ; E_STRICT - run-time notices, enable to have PHP suggest changes ; to your code which will ensure the best interoperability ; and forward compatibility of your code ; E_CORE_ERROR - fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup ; E_CORE_WARNING - warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's ; initial startup ; E_COMPILE_ERROR - fatal compile-time errors ; E_COMPILE_WARNING - compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors) ; E_USER_ERROR - user-generated error message ; E_USER_WARNING - user-generated warning message ; E_USER_NOTICE - user-generated notice message ; E_DEPRECATED - warn about code that will not work in future versions ; of PHP ; E_USER_DEPRECATED - user-generated deprecation warnings ; ; Common Values: ; E_ALL (Show all errors, warnings and notices including coding standards.) ; E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE (Show all errors, except for notices) ; E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT (Show all errors, except for notices and coding standards warnings.) ; E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR (Show only errors) ; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED ; Development Value: E_ALL ; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT ; http://php.net/error-reporting error_reporting = E_ALL ; This directive controls whether or not and where PHP will output errors, ; notices and warnings too. Error output is very useful during development, but ; it could be very dangerous in production environments. Depending on the code ; which is triggering the error, sensitive information could potentially leak ; out of your application such as database usernames and passwords or worse. ; It's recommended that errors be logged on production servers rather than ; having the errors sent to STDOUT. ; Possible Values: ; Off = Do not display any errors ; stderr = Display errors to STDERR (affects only CGI/CLI binaries!) ; On or stdout = Display errors to STDOUT ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; http://php.net/display-errors display_errors = On ; The display of errors which occur during PHP's startup sequence are handled ; separately from display_errors. PHP's default behavior is to suppress those ; errors from clients. Turning the display of startup errors on can be useful in ; debugging configuration problems. But, it's strongly recommended that you ; leave this setting off on production servers. ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; http://php.net/display-startup-errors display_startup_errors = On ; Besides displaying errors, PHP can also log errors to locations such as a ; server-specific log, STDERR, or a location specified by the error_log ; directive found below. While errors should not be displayed on productions ; servers they should still be monitored and logging is a great way to do that. ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; http://php.net/log-errors log_errors = On ; Set maximum length of log_errors. In error_log information about the source is ; added. The default is 1024 and 0 allows to not apply any maximum length at all. ; http://php.net/log-errors-max-len log_errors_max_len = 1024 ; Do not log repeated messages. Repeated errors must occur in same file on same ; line unless ignore_repeated_source is set true. ; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-errors ignore_repeated_errors = Off ; Ignore source of message when ignoring repeated messages. When this setting ; is On you will not log errors with repeated messages from different files or ; source lines. ; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-source ignore_repeated_source = Off ; If this parameter is set to Off, then memory leaks will not be shown (on ; stdout or in the log). This has only effect in a debug compile, and if ; error reporting includes E_WARNING in the allowed list ; http://php.net/report-memleaks report_memleaks = On ; This setting is on by default. ;report_zend_debug = 0 ; Store the last error/warning message in $php_errormsg (boolean). Setting this value ; to On can assist in debugging and is appropriate for development servers. It should ; however be disabled on production servers. ; Default Value: Off ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: Off ; http://php.net/track-errors track_errors = On ; Turn off normal error reporting and emit XML-RPC error XML ; http://php.net/xmlrpc-errors ;xmlrpc_errors = 0 ; An XML-RPC faultCode ;xmlrpc_error_number = 0 ; When PHP displays or logs an error, it has the capability of formatting the ; error message as HTML for easier reading. This directive controls whether ; the error message is formatted as HTML or not. ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production value: On ; http://php.net/html-errors html_errors = On ; If html_errors is set to On *and* docref_root is not empty, then PHP ; produces clickable error messages that direct to a page describing the error ; or function causing the error in detail. ; You can download a copy of the PHP manual from http://php.net/docs ; and change docref_root to the base URL of your local copy including the ; leading '/'. You must also specify the file extension being used including ; the dot. PHP's default behavior is to leave these settings empty, in which ; case no links to documentation are generated. ; Note: Never use this feature for production boxes. ; http://php.net/docref-root ; Examples ;docref_root = "/phpmanual/" ; http://php.net/docref-ext ;docref_ext = .html ; String to output before an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave ; this setting blank. ; http://php.net/error-prepend-string ; Example: ;error_prepend_string = "" ; String to output after an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave ; this setting blank. ; http://php.net/error-append-string ; Example: ;error_append_string = "" ; Log errors to specified file. PHP's default behavior is to leave this value ; empty. ; http://php.net/error-log ; Example: ;error_log = php_errors.log ; Log errors to syslog (Event Log on Windows). ;error_log = syslog ;windows.show_crt_warning ; Default value: 0 ; Development value: 0 ; Production value: 0 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Data Handling ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; The separator used in PHP generated URLs to separate arguments. ; PHP's default setting is "&". ; http://php.net/arg-separator.output ; Example: ;arg_separator.output = "&" ; List of separator(s) used by PHP to parse input URLs into variables. ; PHP's default setting is "&". ; NOTE: Every character in this directive is considered as separator! ; http://php.net/arg-separator.input ; Example: ;arg_separator.input = ";&" ; This directive determines which super global arrays are registered when PHP ; starts up. G,P,C,E & S are abbreviations for the following respective super ; globals: GET, POST, COOKIE, ENV and SERVER. There is a performance penalty ; paid for the registration of these arrays and because ENV is not as commonly ; used as the others, ENV is not recommended on productions servers. You ; can still get access to the environment variables through getenv() should you ; need to. ; Default Value: "EGPCS" ; Development Value: "GPCS" ; Production Value: "GPCS"; ; http://php.net/variables-order variables_order = "GPCS" ; This directive determines which super global data (G,P,C,E & S) should ; be registered into the super global array REQUEST. If so, it also determines ; the order in which that data is registered. The values for this directive are ; specified in the same manner as the variables_order directive, EXCEPT one. ; Leaving this value empty will cause PHP to use the value set in the ; variables_order directive. It does not mean it will leave the super globals ; array REQUEST empty. ; Default Value: None ; Development Value: "GP" ; Production Value: "GP" ; http://php.net/request-order request_order = "GP" ; This directive determines whether PHP registers $argv & $argc each time it ; runs. $argv contains an array of all the arguments passed to PHP when a script ; is invoked. $argc contains an integer representing the number of arguments ; that were passed when the script was invoked. These arrays are extremely ; useful when running scripts from the command line. When this directive is ; enabled, registering these variables consumes CPU cycles and memory each time ; a script is executed. For performance reasons, this feature should be disabled ; on production servers. ; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: Off ; Production Value: Off ; http://php.net/register-argc-argv register_argc_argv = Off ; When enabled, the ENV, REQUEST and SERVER variables are created when they're ; first used (Just In Time) instead of when the script starts. If these ; variables are not used within a script, having this directive on will result ; in a performance gain. The PHP directive register_argc_argv must be disabled ; for this directive to have any affect. ; http://php.net/auto-globals-jit auto_globals_jit = On ; Whether PHP will read the POST data. ; This option is enabled by default. ; Most likely, you won't want to disable this option globally. It causes $_POST ; and $_FILES to always be empty; the only way you will be able to read the ; POST data will be through the php://input stream wrapper. This can be useful ; to proxy requests or to process the POST data in a memory efficient fashion. ; http://php.net/enable-post-data-reading ;enable_post_data_reading = Off ; Maximum size of POST data that PHP will accept. ; Its value may be 0 to disable the limit. It is ignored if POST data reading ; is disabled through enable_post_data_reading. ; http://php.net/post-max-size post_max_size = 8M ; Automatically add files before PHP document. ; http://php.net/auto-prepend-file auto_prepend_file = ; Automatically add files after PHP document. ; http://php.net/auto-append-file auto_append_file = ; By default, PHP will output a character encoding using ; the Content-type: header. To disable sending of the charset, simply ; set it to be empty. ; ; PHP's built-in default is text/html ; http://php.net/default-mimetype default_mimetype = "text/html" ; PHP's default character set is set to empty. ; http://php.net/default-charset ;default_charset = "UTF-8" ; Always populate the $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA variable. PHP's default behavior is ; to disable this feature. If post reading is disabled through ; enable_post_data_reading, $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA is *NOT* populated. ; http://php.net/always-populate-raw-post-data ;always_populate_raw_post_data = On ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Paths and Directories ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; UNIX: "/path1:/path2" ;include_path = ".:/php/includes" ; ; Windows: "\path1;\path2" ;include_path = ".;c:\php\includes" ; ; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear" ; http://php.net/include-path ; The root of the PHP pages, used only if nonempty. ; if PHP was not compiled with FORCE_REDIRECT, you SHOULD set doc_root ; if you are running php as a CGI under any web server (other than IIS) ; see documentation for security issues. The alternate is to use the ; cgi.force_redirect configuration below ; http://php.net/doc-root doc_root = ; The directory under which PHP opens the script using /~username used only ; if nonempty. ; http://php.net/user-dir user_dir = ; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside. ; http://php.net/extension-dir ; extension_dir = "./" ; On windows: ; extension_dir = "ext" ; Whether or not to enable the dl() function. The dl() function does NOT work ; properly in multithreaded servers, such as IIS or Zeus, and is automatically ; disabled on them. ; http://php.net/enable-dl enable_dl = Off ; cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as a CGI under ; most web servers. Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default. You can ; turn it off here AT YOUR OWN RISK ; **You CAN safely turn this off for IIS, in fact, you MUST.** ; http://php.net/cgi.force-redirect ;cgi.force_redirect = 1 ; if cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with ; every request. PHP's default behavior is to disable this feature. ;cgi.nph = 1 ; if cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape ; (iPlanet) web servers, you MAY need to set an environment variable name that PHP ; will look for to know it is OK to continue execution. Setting this variable MAY ; cause security issues, KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING FIRST. ; http://php.net/cgi.redirect-status-env ;cgi.redirect_status_env = ; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. PHP's ; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok ; what PATH_INFO is. For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs. Setting ; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting ; of zero causes PHP to behave as before. Default is 1. You should fix your scripts ; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED. ; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo ;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 ; FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate ; security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the ; security context that the request runs under. mod_fastcgi under Apache ; does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002) ; Set to 1 if running under IIS. Default is zero. ; http://php.net/fastcgi.impersonate ;fastcgi.impersonate = 1 ; Disable logging through FastCGI connection. PHP's default behavior is to enable ; this feature. ;fastcgi.logging = 0 ; cgi.rfc2616_headers configuration option tells PHP what type of headers to ; use when sending HTTP response code. If it's set 0 PHP sends Status: header that ; is supported by Apache. When this option is set to 1 PHP will send ; RFC2616 compliant header. ; Default is zero. ; http://php.net/cgi.rfc2616-headers ;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; File Uploads ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads. ; http://php.net/file-uploads file_uploads = On ; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not ; specified). ; http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir ;upload_tmp_dir = ; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files. ; http://php.net/upload-max-filesize upload_max_filesize = 2M ; Maximum number of files that can be uploaded via a single request max_file_uploads = 20 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Fopen wrappers ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow the treatment of URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files. ; http://php.net/allow-url-fopen allow_url_fopen = On ; Whether to allow include/require to open URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files. ; http://php.net/allow-url-include allow_url_include = Off ; Define the anonymous ftp password (your email address). PHP's default setting ; for this is empty. ; http://php.net/from ;from="john@doe.com" ; Define the User-Agent string. PHP's default setting for this is empty. ; http://php.net/user-agent ;user_agent="PHP" ; Default timeout for socket based streams (seconds) ; http://php.net/default-socket-timeout default_socket_timeout = 60 ; If your scripts have to deal with files from Macintosh systems, ; or you are running on a Mac and need to deal with files from ; unix or win32 systems, setting this flag will cause PHP to ; automatically detect the EOL character in those files so that ; fgets() and file() will work regardless of the source of the file. ; http://php.net/auto-detect-line-endings ;auto_detect_line_endings = Off ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Dynamic Extensions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; If you wish to have an extension loaded automatically, use the following ; syntax: ; ; extension=modulename.extension ; ; For example, on Windows: ; ; extension=msql.dll ; ; ... or under UNIX: ; ; extension=msql.so ; ; ... or with a path: ; ; extension=/path/to/extension/msql.so ; ; If you only provide the name of the extension, PHP will look for it in its ; default extension directory. ; ; Windows Extensions ; Note that ODBC support is built in, so no dll is needed for it. ; Note that many DLL files are located in the extensions/ (PHP 4) ext/ (PHP 5) ; extension folders as well as the separate PECL DLL download (PHP 5). ; Be sure to appropriately set the extension_dir directive. ; ;extension=php_bz2.dll ;extension=php_curl.dll ;extension=php_fileinfo.dll ;extension=php_gd2.dll ;extension=php_gettext.dll ;extension=php_gmp.dll ;extension=php_intl.dll ;extension=php_imap.dll ;extension=php_interbase.dll ;extension=php_ldap.dll ;extension=php_mbstring.dll ;extension=php_exif.dll ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it ;extension=php_mysql.dll ;extension=php_mysqli.dll ;extension=php_oci8.dll ; Use with Oracle 10gR2 Instant Client ;extension=php_oci8_11g.dll ; Use with Oracle 11gR2 Instant Client ;extension=php_openssl.dll ;extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll ;extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll ;extension=php_pdo_oci.dll ;extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll ;extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll ;extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll ;extension=php_pgsql.dll ;extension=php_pspell.dll ;extension=php_shmop.dll ; The MIBS data available in the PHP distribution must be installed. ; See http://www.php.net/manual/en/snmp.installation.php ;extension=php_snmp.dll ;extension=php_soap.dll ;extension=php_sockets.dll ;extension=php_sqlite3.dll ;extension=php_sybase_ct.dll ;extension=php_tidy.dll ;extension=php_xmlrpc.dll ;extension=php_xsl.dll ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Module Settings ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [CLI Server] ; Whether the CLI web server uses ANSI color coding in its terminal output. cli_server.color = On [Date] ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions ; http://php.net/date.timezone ;date.timezone = ; http://php.net/date.default-latitude ;date.default_latitude = 31.7667 ; http://php.net/date.default-longitude ;date.default_longitude = 35.2333 ; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith ;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333 ; http://php.net/date.sunset-zenith ;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333 [filter] ; http://php.net/filter.default ;filter.default = unsafe_raw ; http://php.net/filter.default-flags ;filter.default_flags = [iconv] ;iconv.input_encoding = ISO-8859-1 ;iconv.internal_encoding = ISO-8859-1 ;iconv.output_encoding = ISO-8859-1 [intl] ;intl.default_locale = ; This directive allows you to produce PHP errors when some error ; happens within intl functions. The value is the level of the error produced. ; Default is 0, which does not produce any errors. ;intl.error_level = E_WARNING [sqlite] ; http://php.net/sqlite.assoc-case ;sqlite.assoc_case = 0 [sqlite3] ;sqlite3.extension_dir = [Pcre] ;PCRE library backtracking limit. ; http://php.net/pcre.backtrack-limit ;pcre.backtrack_limit=100000 ;PCRE library recursion limit. ;Please note that if you set this value to a high number you may consume all ;the available process stack and eventually crash PHP (due to reaching the ;stack size limit imposed by the Operating System). ; http://php.net/pcre.recursion-limit ;pcre.recursion_limit=100000 [Pdo] ; Whether to pool ODBC connections. Can be one of "strict", "relaxed" or "off" ; http://php.net/pdo-odbc.connection-pooling ;pdo_odbc.connection_pooling=strict ;pdo_odbc.db2_instance_name [Pdo_mysql] ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.cache_size pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.default-socket pdo_mysql.default_socket= [Phar] ; http://php.net/phar.readonly ;phar.readonly = On ; http://php.net/phar.require-hash ;phar.require_hash = On ;phar.cache_list = [mail function] ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/smtp SMTP = localhost ; http://php.net/smtp-port smtp_port = 25 ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/sendmail-from ;sendmail_from = me@example.com ; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i"). ; http://php.net/sendmail-path ;sendmail_path = ; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters ; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of ; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode. ;mail.force_extra_parameters = ; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename mail.add_x_header = On ; The path to a log file that will log all mail() calls. Log entries include ; the full path of the script, line number, To address and headers. ;mail.log = ; Log mail to syslog (Event Log on Windows). ;mail.log = syslog [SQL] ; http://php.net/sql.safe-mode sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] ; http://php.net/odbc.default-db ;odbc.default_db = Not yet implemented ; http://php.net/odbc.default-user ;odbc.default_user = Not yet implemented ; http://php.net/odbc.default-pw ;odbc.default_pw = Not yet implemented ; Controls the ODBC cursor model. ; Default: SQL_CURSOR_STATIC (default). ;odbc.default_cursortype ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/odbc.allow-persistent odbc.allow_persistent = On ; Check that a connection is still valid before reuse. ; http://php.net/odbc.check-persistent odbc.check_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/odbc.max-persistent odbc.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/odbc.max-links odbc.max_links = -1 ; Handling of LONG fields. Returns number of bytes to variables. 0 means ; passthru. ; http://php.net/odbc.defaultlrl odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 ; Handling of binary data. 0 means passthru, 1 return as is, 2 convert to char. ; See the documentation on odbc_binmode and odbc_longreadlen for an explanation ; of odbc.defaultlrl and odbc.defaultbinmode ; http://php.net/odbc.defaultbinmode odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 ;birdstep.max_links = -1 [Interbase] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ibase.allow_persistent = 1 ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ibase.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ibase.max_links = -1 ; Default database name for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_db = ; Default username for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_user = ; Default password for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_password = ; Default charset for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_charset = ; Default timestamp format. ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ; Default date format. ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d" ; Default time format. ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S" [MySQL] ; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements ; http://php.net/mysql.allow_local_infile mysql.allow_local_infile = On ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/mysql.allow-persistent mysql.allow_persistent = On ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/mysql.cache_size mysql.cache_size = 2000 ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysql.max-persistent mysql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysql.max-links mysql.max_links = -1 ; Default port number for mysql_connect(). If unset, mysql_connect() will use ; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the ; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look ; at MYSQL_PORT. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-port mysql.default_port = ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-socket mysql.default_socket = ; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysql.default-host mysql.default_host = ; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysql.default-user mysql.default_user = ; Default password for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file. ; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysql.default_password") ; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this ; file will be able to reveal the password as well. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-password mysql.default_password = ; Maximum time (in seconds) for connect timeout. -1 means no limit ; http://php.net/mysql.connect-timeout mysql.connect_timeout = 60 ; Trace mode. When trace_mode is active (=On), warnings for table/index scans and ; SQL-Errors will be displayed. ; http://php.net/mysql.trace-mode mysql.trace_mode = Off [MySQLi] ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysqli.max-persistent mysqli.max_persistent = -1 ; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements ; http://php.net/mysqli.allow_local_infile ;mysqli.allow_local_infile = On ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/mysqli.allow-persistent mysqli.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysqli.max-links mysqli.max_links = -1 ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/mysqli.cache_size mysqli.cache_size = 2000 ; Default port number for mysqli_connect(). If unset, mysqli_connect() will use ; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the ; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look ; at MYSQL_PORT. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-port mysqli.default_port = 3306 ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-socket mysqli.default_socket = ; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-host mysqli.default_host = ; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-user mysqli.default_user = ; Default password for mysqli_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file. ; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysqli.default_pw") ; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this ; file will be able to reveal the password as well. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-pw mysqli.default_pw = ; Allow or prevent reconnect mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] ; Enable / Disable collection of general statistics by mysqlnd which can be ; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_statistics mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On ; Enable / Disable collection of memory usage statistics by mysqlnd which can be ; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On ; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used when sending commands to MySQL in bytes. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size ;mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size = 2048 ; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used for reading data sent by the server in ; bytes. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size ;mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size = 32768 [OCI8] ; Connection: Enables privileged connections using external ; credentials (OCI_SYSOPER, OCI_SYSDBA) ; http://php.net/oci8.privileged-connect ;oci8.privileged_connect = Off ; Connection: The maximum number of persistent OCI8 connections per ; process. Using -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/oci8.max-persistent ;oci8.max_persistent = -1 ; Connection: The maximum number of seconds a process is allowed to ; maintain an idle persistent connection. Using -1 means idle ; persistent connections will be maintained forever. ; http://php.net/oci8.persistent-timeout ;oci8.persistent_timeout = -1 ; Connection: The number of seconds that must pass before issuing a ; ping during oci_pconnect() to check the connection validity. When ; set to 0, each oci_pconnect() will cause a ping. Using -1 disables ; pings completely. ; http://php.net/oci8.ping-interval ;oci8.ping_interval = 60 ; Connection: Set this to a user chosen connection class to be used ; for all pooled server requests with Oracle 11g Database Resident ; Connection Pooling (DRCP). To use DRCP, this value should be set to ; the same string for all web servers running the same application, ; the database pool must be configured, and the connection string must ; specify to use a pooled server. ;oci8.connection_class = ; High Availability: Using On lets PHP receive Fast Application ; Notification (FAN) events generated when a database node fails. The ; database must also be configured to post FAN events. ;oci8.events = Off ; Tuning: This option enables statement caching, and specifies how ; many statements to cache. Using 0 disables statement caching. ; http://php.net/oci8.statement-cache-size ;oci8.statement_cache_size = 20 ; Tuning: Enables statement prefetching and sets the default number of ; rows that will be fetched automatically after statement execution. ; http://php.net/oci8.default-prefetch ;oci8.default_prefetch = 100 ; Compatibility. Using On means oci_close() will not close ; oci_connect() and oci_new_connect() connections. ; http://php.net/oci8.old-oci-close-semantics ;oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off [PostgreSQL] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/pgsql.allow-persistent pgsql.allow_persistent = On ; Detect broken persistent links always with pg_pconnect(). ; Auto reset feature requires a little overheads. ; http://php.net/pgsql.auto-reset-persistent pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/pgsql.max-persistent pgsql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/pgsql.max-links pgsql.max_links = -1 ; Ignore PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not. ; Notice message logging require a little overheads. ; http://php.net/pgsql.ignore-notice pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 ; Log PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not. ; Unless pgsql.ignore_notice=0, module cannot log notice message. ; http://php.net/pgsql.log-notice pgsql.log_notice = 0 [Sybase-CT] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/sybct.allow-persistent sybct.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/sybct.max-persistent sybct.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/sybct.max-links sybct.max_links = -1 ; Minimum server message severity to display. ; http://php.net/sybct.min-server-severity sybct.min_server_severity = 10 ; Minimum client message severity to display. ; http://php.net/sybct.min-client-severity sybct.min_client_severity = 10 ; Set per-context timeout ; http://php.net/sybct.timeout ;sybct.timeout= ;sybct.packet_size ; The maximum time in seconds to wait for a connection attempt to succeed before returning failure. ; Default: one minute ;sybct.login_timeout= ; The name of the host you claim to be connecting from, for display by sp_who. ; Default: none ;sybct.hostname= ; Allows you to define how often deadlocks are to be retried. -1 means "forever". ; Default: 0 ;sybct.deadlock_retry_count= [bcmath] ; Number of decimal digits for all bcmath functions. ; http://php.net/bcmath.scale bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] ; http://php.net/browscap ;browscap = extra/browscap.ini [Session] ; Handler used to store/retrieve data. ; http://php.net/session.save-handler session.save_handler = files ; Argument passed to save_handler. In the case of files, this is the path ; where data files are stored. Note: Windows users have to change this ; variable in order to use PHP's session functions. ; ; The path can be defined as: ; ; session.save_path = "N;/path" ; ; where N is an integer. Instead of storing all the session files in ; /path, what this will do is use subdirectories N-levels deep, and ; store the session data in those directories. This is useful if you ; or your OS have problems with lots of files in one directory, and is ; a more efficient layout for servers that handle lots of sessions. ; ; NOTE 1: PHP will not create this directory structure automatically. ; You can use the script in the ext/session dir for that purpose. ; NOTE 2: See the section on garbage collection below if you choose to ; use subdirectories for session storage ; ; The file storage module creates files using mode 600 by default. ; You can change that by using ; ; session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path" ; ; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this ; does not overwrite the process's umask. ; http://php.net/session.save-path ;session.save_path = "/tmp" ; Whether to use cookies. ; http://php.net/session.use-cookies session.use_cookies = 1 ; http://php.net/session.cookie-secure ;session.cookie_secure = ; This option forces PHP to fetch and use a cookie for storing and maintaining ; the session id. We encourage this operation as it's very helpful in combating ; session hijacking when not specifying and managing your own session id. It is ; not the end all be all of session hijacking defense, but it's a good start. ; http://php.net/session.use-only-cookies session.use_only_cookies = 1 ; Name of the session (used as cookie name). ; http://php.net/session.name session.name = PHPSESSID ; Initialize session on request startup. ; http://php.net/session.auto-start session.auto_start = 0 ; Lifetime in seconds of cookie or, if 0, until browser is restarted. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-lifetime session.cookie_lifetime = 0 ; The path for which the cookie is valid. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-path session.cookie_path = / ; The domain for which the cookie is valid. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-domain session.cookie_domain = ; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly session.cookie_httponly = ; Handler used to serialize data. php is the standard serializer of PHP. ; http://php.net/session.serialize-handler session.serialize_handler = php ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started ; on every session initialization. The probability is calculated by using ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator ; and gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1 ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance ; the gc will run on any give request. ; Default Value: 1 ; Development Value: 1 ; Production Value: 1 ; http://php.net/session.gc-probability session.gc_probability = 1 ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started on every ; session initialization. The probability is calculated by using the following equation: ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator and ; session.gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1 ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance ; the gc will run on any give request. Increasing this value to 1000 will give you ; a 0.1% chance the gc will run on any give request. For high volume production servers, ; this is a more efficient approach. ; Default Value: 100 ; Development Value: 1000 ; Production Value: 1000 ; http://php.net/session.gc-divisor session.gc_divisor = 1000 ; After this number of seconds, stored data will be seen as 'garbage' and ; cleaned up by the garbage collection process. ; http://php.net/session.gc-maxlifetime session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 ; NOTE: If you are using the subdirectory option for storing session files ; (see session.save_path above), then garbage collection does *not* ; happen automatically. You will need to do your own garbage ; collection through a shell script, cron entry, or some other method. ; For example, the following script would is the equivalent of ; setting session.gc_maxlifetime to 1440 (1440 seconds = 24 minutes): ; find /path/to/sessions -cmin +24 -type f | xargs rm ; Check HTTP Referer to invalidate externally stored URLs containing ids. ; HTTP_REFERER has to contain this substring for the session to be ; considered as valid. ; http://php.net/session.referer-check session.referer_check = ; How many bytes to read from the file. ; http://php.net/session.entropy-length ;session.entropy_length = 32 ; Specified here to create the session id. ; http://php.net/session.entropy-file ; Defaults to /dev/urandom ; On systems that don't have /dev/urandom but do have /dev/arandom, this will default to /dev/arandom ; If neither are found at compile time, the default is no entropy file. ; On windows, setting the entropy_length setting will activate the ; Windows random source (using the CryptoAPI) ;session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom ; Set to {nocache,private,public,} to determine HTTP caching aspects ; or leave this empty to avoid sending anti-caching headers. ; http://php.net/session.cache-limiter session.cache_limiter = nocache ; Document expires after n minutes. ; http://php.net/session.cache-expire session.cache_expire = 180 ; trans sid support is disabled by default. ; Use of trans sid may risk your users security. ; Use this option with caution. ; - User may send URL contains active session ID ; to other person via. email/irc/etc. ; - URL that contains active session ID may be stored ; in publicly accessible computer. ; - User may access your site with the same session ID ; always using URL stored in browser's history or bookmarks. ; http://php.net/session.use-trans-sid session.use_trans_sid = 0 ; Select a hash function for use in generating session ids. ; Possible Values ; 0 (MD5 128 bits) ; 1 (SHA-1 160 bits) ; This option may also be set to the name of any hash function supported by ; the hash extension. A list of available hashes is returned by the hash_algos() ; function. ; http://php.net/session.hash-function session.hash_function = 0 ; Define how many bits are stored in each character when converting ; the binary hash data to something readable. ; Possible values: ; 4 (4 bits: 0-9, a-f) ; 5 (5 bits: 0-9, a-v) ; 6 (6 bits: 0-9, a-z, A-Z, "-", ",") ; Default Value: 4 ; Development Value: 5 ; Production Value: 5 ; http://php.net/session.hash-bits-per-character session.hash_bits_per_character = 5 ; The URL rewriter will look for URLs in a defined set of HTML tags. ; form/fieldset are special; if you include them here, the rewriter will ; add a hidden field with the info which is otherwise appended ; to URLs. If you want XHTML conformity, remove the form entry. ; Note that all valid entries require a "=", even if no value follows. ; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset=" ; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; http://php.net/url-rewriter.tags url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; Enable upload progress tracking in $_SESSION ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.enabled ;session.upload_progress.enabled = On ; Cleanup the progress information as soon as all POST data has been read ; (i.e. upload completed). ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.cleanup ;session.upload_progress.cleanup = On ; A prefix used for the upload progress key in $_SESSION ; Default Value: "upload_progress_" ; Development Value: "upload_progress_" ; Production Value: "upload_progress_" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.prefix ;session.upload_progress.prefix = "upload_progress_" ; The index name (concatenated with the prefix) in $_SESSION ; containing the upload progress information ; Default Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; Development Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; Production Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.name ;session.upload_progress.name = "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; How frequently the upload progress should be updated. ; Given either in percentages (per-file), or in bytes ; Default Value: "1%" ; Development Value: "1%" ; Production Value: "1%" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.freq ;session.upload_progress.freq = "1%" ; The minimum delay between updates, in seconds ; Default Value: 1 ; Development Value: 1 ; Production Value: 1 ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.min-freq ;session.upload_progress.min_freq = "1" [MSSQL] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. mssql.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. mssql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit. mssql.max_links = -1 ; Minimum error severity to display. mssql.min_error_severity = 10 ; Minimum message severity to display. mssql.min_message_severity = 10 ; Compatibility mode with old versions of PHP 3.0. mssql.compatability_mode = Off ; Connect timeout ;mssql.connect_timeout = 5 ; Query timeout ;mssql.timeout = 60 ; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096. ;mssql.textlimit = 4096 ; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096. ;mssql.textsize = 4096 ; Limits the number of records in each batch. 0 = all records in one batch. ;mssql.batchsize = 0 ; Specify how datetime and datetim4 columns are returned ; On => Returns data converted to SQL server settings ; Off => Returns values as YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss ;mssql.datetimeconvert = On ; Use NT authentication when connecting to the server mssql.secure_connection = Off ; Specify max number of processes. -1 = library default ; msdlib defaults to 25 ; FreeTDS defaults to 4096 ;mssql.max_procs = -1 ; Specify client character set. ; If empty or not set the client charset from freetds.conf is used ; This is only used when compiled with FreeTDS ;mssql.charset = "ISO-8859-1" [Assertion] ; Assert(expr); active by default. ; http://php.net/assert.active ;assert.active = On ; Issue a PHP warning for each failed assertion. ; http://php.net/assert.warning ;assert.warning = On ; Don't bail out by default. ; http://php.net/assert.bail ;assert.bail = Off ; User-function to be called if an assertion fails. ; http://php.net/assert.callback ;assert.callback = 0 ; Eval the expression with current error_reporting(). Set to true if you want ; error_reporting(0) around the eval(). ; http://php.net/assert.quiet-eval ;assert.quiet_eval = 0 [COM] ; path to a file containing GUIDs, IIDs or filenames of files with TypeLibs ; http://php.net/com.typelib-file ;com.typelib_file = ; allow Distributed-COM calls ; http://php.net/com.allow-dcom ;com.allow_dcom = true ; autoregister constants of a components typlib on com_load() ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-typelib ;com.autoregister_typelib = true ; register constants casesensitive ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-casesensitive ;com.autoregister_casesensitive = false ; show warnings on duplicate constant registrations ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-verbose ;com.autoregister_verbose = true ; The default character set code-page to use when passing strings to and from COM objects. ; Default: system ANSI code page ;com.code_page= [mbstring] ; language for internal character representation. ; http://php.net/mbstring.language ;mbstring.language = Japanese ; internal/script encoding. ; Some encoding cannot work as internal encoding. ; (e.g. SJIS, BIG5, ISO-2022-*) ; http://php.net/mbstring.internal-encoding ;mbstring.internal_encoding = EUC-JP ; http input encoding. ; http://php.net/mbstring.http-input ;mbstring.http_input = auto ; http output encoding. mb_output_handler must be ; registered as output buffer to function ; http://php.net/mbstring.http-output ;mbstring.http_output = SJIS ; enable automatic encoding translation according to ; mbstring.internal_encoding setting. Input chars are ; converted to internal encoding by setting this to On. ; Note: Do _not_ use automatic encoding translation for ; portable libs/applications. ; http://php.net/mbstring.encoding-translation ;mbstring.encoding_translation = Off ; automatic encoding detection order. ; auto means ; http://php.net/mbstring.detect-order ;mbstring.detect_order = auto ; substitute_character used when character cannot be converted ; one from another ; http://php.net/mbstring.substitute-character ;mbstring.substitute_character = none; ; overload(replace) single byte functions by mbstring functions. ; mail(), ereg(), etc are overloaded by mb_send_mail(), mb_ereg(), ; etc. Possible values are 0,1,2,4 or combination of them. ; For example, 7 for overload everything. ; 0: No overload ; 1: Overload mail() function ; 2: Overload str*() functions ; 4: Overload ereg*() functions ; http://php.net/mbstring.func-overload ;mbstring.func_overload = 0 ; enable strict encoding detection. ;mbstring.strict_detection = Off ; This directive specifies the regex pattern of content types for which mb_output_handler() ; is activated. ; Default: mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml) ;mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype= [gd] ; Tell the jpeg decode to ignore warnings and try to create ; a gd image. The warning will then be displayed as notices ; disabled by default ; http://php.net/gd.jpeg-ignore-warning ;gd.jpeg_ignore_warning = 0 [exif] ; Exif UNICODE user comments are handled as UCS-2BE/UCS-2LE and JIS as JIS. ; With mbstring support this will automatically be converted into the encoding ; given by corresponding encode setting. When empty mbstring.internal_encoding ; is used. For the decode settings you can distinguish between motorola and ; intel byte order. A decode setting cannot be empty. ; http://php.net/exif.encode-unicode ;exif.encode_unicode = ISO-8859-15 ; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-motorola ;exif.decode_unicode_motorola = UCS-2BE ; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-intel ;exif.decode_unicode_intel = UCS-2LE ; http://php.net/exif.encode-jis ;exif.encode_jis = ; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-motorola ;exif.decode_jis_motorola = JIS ; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-intel ;exif.decode_jis_intel = JIS [Tidy] ; The path to a default tidy configuration file to use when using tidy ; http://php.net/tidy.default-config ;tidy.default_config = /usr/local/lib/php/default.tcfg ; Should tidy clean and repair output automatically? ; WARNING: Do not use this option if you are generating non-html content ; such as dynamic images ; http://php.net/tidy.clean-output tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] ; Enables or disables WSDL caching feature. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-enabled soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 ; Sets the directory name where SOAP extension will put cache files. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-dir soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" ; (time to live) Sets the number of second while cached file will be used ; instead of original one. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-ttl soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 ; Sets the size of the cache limit. (Max. number of WSDL files to cache) soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] ; A default size of the shared memory segment ;sysvshm.init_mem = 10000 [ldap] ; Sets the maximum number of open links or -1 for unlimited. ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] ; For more information about mcrypt settings see http://php.net/mcrypt-module-open ; Directory where to load mcrypt algorithms ; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt) ;mcrypt.algorithms_dir= ; Directory where to load mcrypt modes ; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt) ;mcrypt.modes_dir= [dba] ;dba.default_handler= [curl] ; A default value for the CURLOPT_CAINFO option. This is required to be an ; absolute path. ;curl.cainfo = ; Local Variables: ; tab-width: 4 ; End:

1 , WinLocaleConvert.zip
This program shows the international settings of the country you select such as Format Currency, Date Format, Day Name, Month Name...
2 , netstuff.zip
This program queries the network and shows the Domains/Servers/Workstations structure. It also shows the users of each Server or Workstation and can send messages to the selected PC. This programs works only on a Windows NT 4.0 Machine!
3 , projectgroupx.zip
You may use this code as a learning tool only. The application may not be sold in any shape or form. So 下载 the code and get involved with the News Group, help us to help you.
4 , urllink.zip
User control to launch web browser and jump to URL.
5 , vbftp.zip
Sample application that implements FTP connection, 下载, and upload using the WinInet FTP API from Visual Basic
6 , browser.zip
Simple web browser using the Microsoft Internet Control.
7 , ftp.zip
Complete FTP application.
8 , chatclnt.zip
Client side of an internet chat program
9 , chatserv.zip
Server side of an internet chat program
10 , hlink.zip
Is a control that you can use to link your program to a web site.
11 , Popmail.zip
Checks your email!
12 , telnet.zip
Telnet Application
13 , validip.zip
Validate an IP address
14 , dmvbtest.zip
This is a complete email sending client in Visual Basic
15 , CarlosChatApp.zip
This is a program that enables two people to chat across the internet. You must know each others IP address and have an understanding of ports
16 , inteferorprovider.zip
program which communicates with each other and allows one computer to perform a task on the other
17 , itimer.zip
Internet Timer. Also calculates the cost of the call. Can AutoDetect Phone call charges from the time and date.
18 , tlsNet.zip
TILISOFT Internet ActiveX Controls - Retrieve HTML pages from the Net - Post data to HTTP server
19 , pingmon.zip
A ping monitor for the network administrator. Based on API code
20 , webbrowser.zip
Easily build your very own custom web browser,using the web browser object
21 , StealthSRC.zip
StealthMail 2.1 - full SOURCECODE for the StealthMail 2.1 program. Uses only VB6 code, and NO API calls!
22 , Worldmeet.zip
This is the source code for a client and server chat program.
23 , RemoteFileExp.zip
This utility allows you to remotely reboot, log-off, 下载 files, delete files,luanch applications, auto navigate a web browser and view desktops via TCP/IP
24 , Lagmeter.zip
This Will Allow You To See A Visual Representation Of The Latency of Your Local Machines IP. A.k.a Lag Meter
25 , mailcheck.zip
Mail Checker Sample Application. Create your own POP3 client to retrieve e-mails from mail server. Source code + tutorial.
26 , chat.zip
This code shows you how to creat a local network chat room so that you and your friends can have a chat room which nowone else can enter
27 , news.zip
Demonstrates how to downlaod text from a webpage without a browser open. This could be used for what i used it for in the past for a news program
28 , url.zip
Worldwide list of URL extensions by country
29 , EmailChk.zip
This Application checks for unread email using outlook. MS Agent will popup to announce how many unread mails you got. This also checks sub-folders on your inbox. Configuration is added to choose which MS Agent to use and the Time interval use to check for mails
30 , wsc_ftp_client.zip
FTP Client Sample Application. It was built with MS Winsock Control. It is a complete FTP client that allows you to browse FTP directories, 下载 and upload files, resume broken file transfer, create and remove directories, delete and rename files. All the operations execute in an asynchronous mode with the progress indication .
31 , MultiServer.zip
This is real simple source code for a Multi-Client server, it allows upto 65535 users to connnect to your server,via winsock control- it can be customised to become any server, such as IRC, FTP. plus all the functions are in their to relay data and store information on each users accounts.
32 , GuardDuty.zip
Lets you create your very own Cyber Sitter or Net Nanny Type software- it blocks access to sites based on keywords such as "sex","hack" or "security" alternatively whatever you want ! - it's the long awaited project version of previously released WEB ADDRESS SPY!
33 , whisper.zip
Complete LAN chat program
34 , vbtelnetserver.zip
Telnet Server. Allows multiple connections, uses Access DB to store Access Control Lists/Users
35 , CasperEdit.zip
Almost complete HTML editor with many functions. This is only a pre-released version so some stuff doesn't work.
36 , browser0516.zip
Its a fully functional web browser
37 , lovevirusCleaner.zip
With the onslaught of the Love Bug virus in the last 24 hours, many of us had to provide solutions prior to the Virus Protection companies. This VB6 code cleans the ILOVEYOU virus from systems
38 , shras21.zip
Custom Control, that lets you have full control of Dial Up Networking
39 , FullBrowser.zip
: This is A Complete Internet Browser Like IE With More Fuctions Like Bulk mail And Many more. Requires several third-party OCX files including Autocomplete.ocx.
40 , webpagmaker.zip
Web page maker
41 , vs.zip
Viru-Spy. Relays sytem information to your email account. Run on someone else machine to retrieve system info,dial up passwords, bookmarked urls etc etc
42 , icqp.zip
Send ICQ messages from VB
43 , DekMate2.0.zip
All new DeskMate2.0 with added new features like email checking, NT messaging system, movie screen, system tray alerts as well as the old features like, Online Weather, News headlines, Online Horoscopes, Movie Reviews etc.
44 , TelDialOut1.zip
TelDialOut is a program that dials a phone number from an application using the modem. I had observed the large number of postings on various forums about this topic so I have included a well documented application to assist those who would be using this feature in their applications
45 , TreeViewXML.zip
Great example program for programmers learning XML. This program shows you how to use the msxml.dll control, as well as the treeview control. Users must have msxml.dll version 2.0 for binary compatibility.
46 , CustEditXML.zip
Complete VB application that retrieves customer information from an XML script, allows you to make changes to the data, and saves the record using other XML scripts. This is a great example for learning MSXML.dll and TransactXML.dll procedures.
47 , email1mapi.zip
Visual Basic code for Sending email using MAPI control.
48 , Dan.zip
Dan's All purpose masterful program
49 , metasite.zip
this vb code executes a request from metacrawler.com and returns all links results in a TreeView.
50 , email.zip
Sending Email using MAPI control.
51 , EmailChecker.zip
Checks your new mails from mutiple mail servers(yeah it works!!!!!). it switches tray icons on different states & displays the number of new messages (as msn messenger display messages) and plays a WAV file
52 , urlhist.zip
This sample demonstrates how to loop through the history folder of Internet Explorer.
53 , AdvancedWebBrowser.zip
Advanced web browser..something like IE but less options really nice interface..code is very easy to understand..teaches you the basics of using vb.
54 , iusage.zip
NO its not another internet usage monitor its different.Apart from calculating the cost and total time you spend on the net it even reminds you to switch of the net after a time interval which you specify.Check out this cool program.
55 , dauntless.zip
This is an exceptionally good piece of code. One program runs on a machine somewhere, and the other on your machine. You can then send commands to the other machine, take screen snapshots and more... It uses the INET control for all functionality, but you could do the same with the Winsock DLL.
56 , netcontrol2.zip
Following on from the original NetControl by Danny, this little ActiveX/OXC project contains some small modifications and the sourcecode for the control. You can send messages with a client/server type setup.
57 , al40.zip
Apparently, if you use AOL to connect to the Internet and you do not touch it for 45 minutes it will timeout and drop the connection. This little program will ensure that it keeps the connection active.
58 , yougotmail.zip
Kenneth has developed this is a great little application which reads a Microsoft Exchange mailbox and lets you know via playing a .WAV file when you have mail.
59 , netcontrol.zip
This little project is Dannys first attempt at an ActiveX control and its very good. There are two mini projects included here. The first is called SlotDemo and allows you to send messages or data in a client/server type role. Its uses some very clever programming.
60 , cethernetaddress.zip
We found this bit of code somewhere on the Internet a few months ago and tidied it up a bit. I don't know the author's name so cannot give them credit. But basically this sample will return the Ethernet Address of the card in the current machine.
61 , cnetworkinfo.zip
This little demo will return, using Windows API calls, the following: IP Address, Network Username, WorkdstationID, Windows version, build version and service pack info, the windows directory, the PDC name if you are logged onto an NT server and the time
62 , ccheckduncount.zip
If you want to check if there is a RAS/DUN conneciton activ, then this little routine will return true or false depending on whats going on. If RAS isn't installed on the machine, it will crash but otherwise its a great routine. For more information
63,winskip.zip
Using the Winsock Control to get IP Information
64,opnblank.zip
Open a Blank Browser Window
65,distitl.zip
Display the Title of a Page in a Form's Caption Bar
66,disbrows.zip
Disable Input to a WebBrowser Control
67,lbllink.zip
Make a Label Act Like an Internet Link
68,linkcmbo.zip
Link a ComboBox to a WebBrowser Control
69,navbutns.zip
Navigation Buttons
70,status.zip
Show Browser Status
71,iphost.zip
Get Local IP and HostName using WinSock
72,xmldirviewer.zip
This is a sample from an XML implementation I created for my company's Intranet, giving the capability for user maintained content
73,phone.zip
A Cellular Phone Application Uses MSCOMM, Modem and normal telephone lines to make calls.
74,PhoneDial.zip
A Phone Dialing program that play both DTMF Tones and MF Tones using wav files. It does not use A real Phone.
75,dnslookup.zip
Easy DNS Lookup and Reverse Name lookup using qdns.dll (dll vb source is included in zip). For use see included sample ASP page.
76,Mar_05_2001.zip
About myself, i am a computer pro experienced in creating dynamic data driven web sites. About the code, it demonstrates the usage of internet transfer control to 下载 the content from the web.
77,InstantMessenger.zip
A basic Instant Messenger.
78,WebCapture.zip
Just mention the site URL and easily Capture the desired Data, Tag's from that Web Site. Also
helps in understanding the use of DoEvents, Error traping and many more features.
79,destructureur.zip
this code analyse DOM of a web document(Document Object Model).
Usefull in order to rettrieve all links, images, scripts informations like url, index, absolute index of all HTML objects.
80,bla.zip
This is an Internet Public Chat Application, which is unique. This is for All. I have seen several Internet Chat systems developed but they were not good enough to encourage the Novice programmers understand the complexities of using the Winsock control. This is the Internet Chat System developed using Winsock Control only and no API calls, or any other DLLs.
81,EmailSystem.zip
In this tutorial of 100+ pages, you can get every thing which is mainly related to build a complete web based email system. this artical will cover everthing of SMTP, POP3, MIME and HTTP.
82,inanny.zip
Inanny is a netnanny like clone,u can use inanny to block sites locally.The new version works with netscape(all versions) as well as ie(all versions).
83,source_build84.zip
IRC Client that supports all basic needs of an IRC Client and a bit more. Uses Raw RTF code, so it's very fast displaying text. Also handles IDENTd properly.
84,Blitz.zip
Blitz Chat System is a complete Chat Server and Client application for internet and intranet users. It has facilities like room selection,
85,QNavigator.zip
Q Navigator Ver 1.1 is an updated form of my Web Browser, which has the best features (and more) of all browsers.
86,atomicclock.zip
RJ Soft's AtomicClock (Atomic Clock.Exe) sets your computers Date and Time from an atomic clock via tcp/ip at 12:01 AM every day. Atomic Clock sits in the system tray so you can load it and forget it or click on the icon and tell it to reset the Date and Time.
86,demooutlook.zip
Send Text or HTML Mail(You can join an ONLINE photo). Retrieve all your input box mails and create a new folder.
87,weather.zip
This is a grand application allowing you to get 10 day weather forecasts for almost every region of the world. Also gives you weather imagery maps. Must see. Kind of a big 下载, but I wanted to make sure everything was included.
88,下载er2.zip
Website 下载er.Updated with many new features.
89,SurfMonitorCODE2.zip
OK folks.....this is a better version of the SurfMonitor code. Not only does it have the 'Autodetect' feature, it also manages the registry better and creates log files. The administrator can also apply time and date restrictions on users....
90,ThePorter.zip
This is an anti-hacker tool I've created. It's much like Lockdown 2000. It sits on your system tray listening for incoming connections on various ports.
91,SurfMonitorCODE.zip
Allows an individual to restrict multiple users to access the users only for a certain amount of time. It also has an 'Autodetect' feature to automatically detect an internet connection and disconnect in case
92,下载er.zip
Just enter the URL of a webspage you want to 下载 and all the links in the webpage will be 下载ed including any image files . The program is still in the development stage .
93,bmail.zip
This software for bulk email for personal and corporate use. The enclosed zip conatains all the codes and readme text. This software uses MAPI and CDO for Windows 9x.
94,winsock.zip
Application demonstrates the use of the VB Winsock control and some of its properties.
95,HTMLEd.zip
A simple HTML editor written in Visual Basic.
96,emailnotifier.rar
This is an application that monitors the local host for IP address changes and notifies a list of people by e-mail if the IP address changes. Both the IP address and the e-mail list are stored between sessions
97,pbaspediter.zip
A Full Advanced ASP/Html Editer with Database, Cookies, includes, sounds, forms, body, Tables wizards and more. (Wizards do html & responce.write) Color coding html. tag inserts, Plugins, Templates, Java codebase, vbscript codebases, full asp codebase Asp Preview on localhost and normal preview and LOTS MORE MUST SEE
98,Exchange_Viewer.zip
You must have Access 2000 installed in order to print. Other than that you should be fine. This will anonymously query an exchange 5.5 or higher exchange server and retrieve The names and email addresses and place them into an access database. This code has many useful examples.
99,Automatic_Updater.zip
UPDATED 11/10/2000 Now With even more options!! This application allows you to check for an updated version of a file or a program via FTP, then 下载 that update if it is available.
100,PingX.zip
Ping(s) a computer and returns the results.
101,hmupdatedold.zip
HotmailBox - Alternative Hotmail client that accesses your inbox. Includes support for multiple accounts, synchronizes your account, has a built-in address book and support for attachments (with the exception of images, so far).
102,hypermap.zip
Hyper_Map allows you to define areas on a webpage graphic for jumping to different URLs. Image mapping is a neat way to create links. Also, the program demonstrates Picture1 draw properties and some HTML creation.
103,icqvb.zip
ICQ Control Center, The worlds most complete icq api example freely availble on the net, this revised edition contains protocol information sample code and much much more !
104,HTMLMail.zip
This application allows to send HTML mails ! Now you can send images, formatted text in your mails, put some really cool effects !
105,NTPSync.zip
Synchronize Your System Time with a Network Time Protocol (NTP) Server.
106,WinsockTrans.zip
This code allows you to transfer files from one pc to another using winsock.
107,Winsock下载.zip
Winsock 下载er - Lets you 下载 any file from the internet (Binary, ASCII, Text) any size.
108,ftp2.zip
An FTP application with complete VB source code included.
109,vb-aim.zip
AOL instant messenger client written in VB.
110,ping2src.zip
Version 2.02 of the popular Idoru Ping Monitor. Includes a Password Hacker, and shows important info on your machine
111,OnYxBrowser.zip
A full avtive browser, with all IE's trimings, i have left out the exe and some of the ocx. but ppl who have vb60 should have these ocx.
112,PostMan.zip
VB application which uses winsock control to send mail to your mail server!
113,transfer.zip
Simple file transfer (FTP) application. Contains both the client and server VB source code .vbp applications. Destination filename is set to "Temp".
114,inter.zip
Detects if the user is connected to the internet.
115,frmClient.zip
Started to program a remote tool FTP program. Give some feedback otherwise i'm going to code it in Delphi.
116,prjClient.zip
Live wire winsock file transfer program which retreives remote drives/directories and working on files and enables upload/下载 of files with progressbar.
117,webbrowser2.zip
I have tried to develop a very good browser. Now I myself can't rate it... so i am leaving to you guys out there to rate it..
118,InternetBrowser.zip
It is an interesting Internet Browser. Add your favorites, URLs, Home Page, and History to Windows 95/98 Registry. Must see.
119,Browser2.zip
[UPDATED]:Complete Internet Browser. Must see.
120,display.zip
This code sample enables users to 下载 and display HTML, RTF, or Text files in a RichTextBox Control, using the Microsoft Internet Transfer Control included in Visual Basic 5.0.
121,easyhttp.zip
Retrieve Web page or file (including all HTTP headers and message body) througn HTTP protocol directly from VB program which utilize the MS WinSock Control.
122,emailcheck.zip
This application checks for incoming mail (POP3 client).
123,NetSend.zip
A Simple Application to Send Messages Without using a COMMAND Prompt.
124,ChatPrg.zip
This application provides seamless interaction between users of an intranet. The database acts as a Server and it has to be loaded on the server of your local intranet and each .exe serves as
a client.
125,Chatty.zip
This is a simple one-to-one chat program using Winsock. It includes a text based chat, a messaging feature and also a secure communication feature, much like SSL. I use the RSA 64 bit encryption for the secure channel.
126,Telephonic.zip
The program can be used in your desktop, as is. You will find dialing much more confortable and fast than the original Windows Dialer.exe.
127,ClientServer.zip
A messages Client / Server application (compile and source code).You can send messages from a client to another and server remote all users activity and distribute the messages to client who request that
128,MESSENGER.zip
E-MAIL PROGRAM. ALLOWS USER TO LOG INTO ISP SERVICE AND SEND MESSAGES AND FILES.
129,ip.zip
Very simple application which shows how to get your PC's IP address using the VB Winsock control.
130,CS_Tools_2.zip
This program can save you days to weeks of work on a huge domain with hundreds to thousands of users with its "Bulk Administration" and remote feature. Features Bulk Administration Allows you to administer the login path, profile path, home directory, and more with one click of a button for all users! Alternate Credentials Allows you to specify a different username and password to complete your tasks.
131,networkinfo.zip
Application which gets all network information from the system.
132,gethtml.zip
This example uses the Inet control to 下载 the HTML source from any webpage. This could easily be used in conjunction with the Get Web Links example to make a full fledged web-spider and search engine program...
133,getweblinks.zip
This example uses the WebBrowser control to load a web page then enumerate and display all of the links on that page. This example could be easily expanded to be used as a web-spider with a little bit of effort.
134,bs2vb.zip
This example is a very simple solution to sending and receiving data to and from a Parallax Basic Stamp. This example requires a Basic Stamp and the MSComm control. Also included is an example Basic Stamp II program to work with the example...
135,Chatptop.zip
A Peer-to-Peer chatting program with a very easy user interface.
136,f_160.zip
A basic example on how to transfer files across the network using the WinSock Control(18KB)
137,f_159.zip
A simple example of exchanging data across a network using the WinSock control(4KB)
138,f_115.zip
A simple web browser built using the Web Browser control(2KB)

本课程为Access2013数据库知识系列课程-数据库表部分，access数据库全系列第5部，课程目标：结合《物品管理系统》简单的实例讲解，零基础入门学习Access2013数据库表知识。本课程知识点【具体视频章节安排请到课程大纲里查看】：第一章知识点：Access2013概述1、Access2013概述第二章知识点：Access2013工作界面1、Access2013工作界面第三章知识点：创建数据库表1、使用字段模板创建数据表2、利用表设计器创建表3、学习技巧第四章知识点：字段的基本操作1、添加、删除和更改移动字段2、字段的属性及作用3、主关键字和索引4、主键的设置、更改和删除5、更改数据类型第五章知识点：数据的有效性1、数据类型验证2、字段大小验证3、使用验证规则属性验证4、输入掩码验证第六章知识点：创建表之间的关系1、关系类型2、创建和使用表关系第七章知识点：为数据库加密1、设置数据库密码2、撤销数据库密码第八章知识点：编辑数据表1、添加和修改记录2、删除记录3、数据查找和替换4、数据排序和筛选第九章知识点：设置数据表格式1、设置表的行高和列宽2、设置字体格式3、隐藏和显示字段第十章知识点：Access数据库总结与中文编程概述1、 Access数据库总结2、中文编程概述

Overview Package Class Tree Deprecated Index Help PREV NEXT FRAMES NO FRAMES A B C D E F G H I J L P R S U V -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A addCookie(Cookie) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call addCookie(Cookie cookie) on the wrapped response object. addCookie(Cookie) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Adds the specified cookie to the response. addDateHeader(String, long) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call addDateHeader(String name, long date) on the wrapped response object. addDateHeader(String, long) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Adds a response header with the given name and date-value. addHeader(String, String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return addHeader(String name, String value) on the wrapped response object. addHeader(String, String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Adds a response header with the given name and value. addIntHeader(String, int) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call addIntHeader(String name, int value) on the wrapped response object. addIntHeader(String, int) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Adds a response header with the given name and integer value. attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener Notification that an attribute has been added to a session. attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener Notification that a new attribute was added to the servlet context. attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener Notification that a new attribute was added to the servlet request. attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener Notification that an attribute has been removed from a session. attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener Notification that an existing attribute has been removed from the servlet context. attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener Notification that a new attribute was removed from the servlet request. attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener Notification that an attribute has been replaced in a session. attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener Notification that an attribute on the servlet context has been replaced. attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener Notification that an attribute was replaced on the servlet request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B BASIC_AUTH - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest String identifier for Basic authentication. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C CLIENT_CERT_AUTH - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest String identifier for Client Certificate authentication. clone() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Overrides the standard java.lang.Object.clone method to return a copy of this cookie. containsHeader(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call containsHeader(String name) on the wrapped response object. containsHeader(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Returns a boolean indicating whether the named response header has already been set. contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContextListener Notification that the servlet context is about to be shut down. contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContextListener Notification that the web application initialization process is starting. Cookie - class javax.servlet.http.Cookie. Creates a cookie, a small amount of information sent by a servlet to a Web browser, saved by the browser, and later sent back to the server. Cookie(String, String) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Constructs a cookie with a specified name and value. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D destroy() - Method in interface javax.servlet.Filter Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being taken out of service. destroy() - Method in interface javax.servlet.Servlet Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet is being taken out of service. destroy() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet is being taken out of service. DIGEST_AUTH - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest String identifier for Digest authentication. doDelete(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a DELETE request. doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) - Method in interface javax.servlet.FilterChain Causes the next filter in the chain to be invoked, or if the calling filter is the last filter in the chain, causes the resource at the end of the chain to be invoked. doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) - Method in interface javax.servlet.Filter The doFilter method of the Filter is called by the container each time a request/response pair is passed through the chain due to a client request for a resource at the end of the chain. doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a GET request. doHead(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Receives an HTTP HEAD request from the protected service method and handles the request. doOptions(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a OPTIONS request. doPost(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a POST request. doPut(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a PUT request. doTrace(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Called by the server (via the service method) to allow a servlet to handle a TRACE request. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E encodeRedirectUrl(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return encodeRedirectUrl(String url) on the wrapped response object. encodeRedirectUrl(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Deprecated. As of version 2.1, use encodeRedirectURL(String url) instead encodeRedirectURL(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return encodeRedirectURL(String url) on the wrapped response object. encodeRedirectURL(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Encodes the specified URL for use in the sendRedirect method or, if encoding is not needed, returns the URL unchanged. encodeUrl(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call encodeUrl(String url) on the wrapped response object. encodeUrl(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Deprecated. As of version 2.1, use encodeURL(String url) instead encodeURL(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call encodeURL(String url) on the wrapped response object. encodeURL(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Encodes the specified URL by including the session ID in it, or, if encoding is not needed, returns the URL unchanged. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F Filter - interface javax.servlet.Filter. A filter is an object that performs filtering tasks on either the request to a resource (a servlet or static content), or on the response from a resource, or both. Filters perform filtering in the doFilter method. FilterChain - interface javax.servlet.FilterChain. A FilterChain is an object provided by the servlet container to the developer giving a view into the invocation chain of a filtered request for a resource. FilterConfig - interface javax.servlet.FilterConfig. A filter configuration object used by a servlet container to pass information to a filter during initialization. flushBuffer() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Forces any content in the buffer to be written to the client. flushBuffer() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call flushBuffer() on the wrapped response object. FORM_AUTH - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest String identifier for Form authentication. forward(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) - Method in interface javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher Forwards a request from a servlet to another resource (servlet, JSP file, or HTML file) on the server. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- G GenericServlet - class javax.servlet.GenericServlet. Defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet. GenericServlet() - Constructor for class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Does nothing. getAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the servlet container attribute with the given name, or null if there is no attribute by that name. getAttribute(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call getAttribute(String name) on the wrapped request object. getAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the value of the named attribute as an Object, or null if no attribute of the given name exists. getAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns the object bound with the specified name in this session, or null if no object is bound under the name. getAttributeNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns an Enumeration containing the attribute names available within this servlet context. getAttributeNames() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getAttributeNames() on the wrapped request object. getAttributeNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns an Enumeration containing the names of the attributes available to this request. getAttributeNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns an Enumeration of String objects containing the names of all the objects bound to this session. getAuthType() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the name of the authentication scheme used to protect the servlet. getAuthType() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getAuthType() on the wrapped request object. getBufferSize() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns the actual buffer size used for the response. getBufferSize() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getBufferSize() on the wrapped response object. getCharacterEncoding() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns the name of the character encoding (MIME charset) used for the body sent in this response. getCharacterEncoding() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getCharacterEncoding() on the wrapped request object. getCharacterEncoding() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the name of the character encoding used in the body of this request. getCharacterEncoding() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getCharacterEncoding() on the wrapped response object. getComment() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the comment describing the purpose of this cookie, or null if the cookie has no comment. getContentLength() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getContentLength() on the wrapped request object. getContentLength() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the length, in bytes, of the request body and made available by the input stream, or -1 if the length is not known. getContentType() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns the content type used for the MIME body sent in this response. getContentType() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getContentType() on the wrapped request object. getContentType() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the MIME type of the body of the request, or null if the type is not known. getContentType() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getContentType() on the wrapped response object. getContext(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a ServletContext object that corresponds to a specified URL on the server. getContextPath() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the portion of the request URI that indicates the context of the request. getContextPath() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getContextPath() on the wrapped request object. getCookies() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns an array containing all of the Cookie objects the client sent with this request. getCookies() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getCookies() on the wrapped request object. getCreationTime() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns the time when this session was created, measured in milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT. getDateHeader(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the value of the specified request header as a long value that represents a Date object. getDateHeader(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getDateHeader(String name) on the wrapped request object. getDomain() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the domain name set for this cookie. getFilterName() - Method in interface javax.servlet.FilterConfig Returns the filter-name of this filter as defined in the deployment descriptor. getHeader(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the value of the specified request header as a String. getHeader(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getHeader(String name) on the wrapped request object. getHeaderNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns an enumeration of all the header names this request contains. getHeaderNames() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getHeaderNames() on the wrapped request object. getHeaders(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns all the values of the specified request header as an Enumeration of String objects. getHeaders(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getHeaders(String name) on the wrapped request object. getId() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns a string containing the unique identifier assigned to this session. getIds() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.1 with no replacement. This method must return an empty Enumeration and will be removed in a future version of this API. getInitParameter(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.FilterConfig Returns a String containing the value of the named initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not exist. getInitParameter(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletConfig Returns a String containing the value of the named initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not exist. getInitParameter(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a String containing the value of the named context-wide initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not exist. getInitParameter(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns a String containing the value of the named initialization parameter, or null if the parameter does not exist. getInitParameterNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.FilterConfig Returns the names of the filter's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects, or an empty Enumeration if the filter has no initialization parameters. getInitParameterNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletConfig Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects, or an empty Enumeration if the servlet has no initialization parameters. getInitParameterNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the names of the context's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects, or an empty Enumeration if the context has no initialization parameters. getInitParameterNames() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns the names of the servlet's initialization parameters as an Enumeration of String objects, or an empty Enumeration if the servlet has no initialization parameters. getInputStream() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getInputStream() on the wrapped request object. getInputStream() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Retrieves the body of the request as binary data using a ServletInputStream. getIntHeader(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the value of the specified request header as an int. getIntHeader(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getIntHeader(String name) on the wrapped request object. getLastAccessedTime() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns the last time the client sent a request associated with this session, as the number of milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT, and marked by the time the container received the request. getLastModified(HttpServletRequest) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Returns the time the HttpServletRequest object was last modified, in milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT. getLocalAddr() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocalAddr() on the wrapped request object. getLocalAddr() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the interface on which the request was received. getLocale() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns the locale specified for this response using the ServletResponse.setLocale(java.util.Locale) method. getLocale() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocale() on the wrapped request object. getLocale() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the preferred Locale that the client will accept content in, based on the Accept-Language header. getLocale() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocale() on the wrapped response object. getLocales() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocales() on the wrapped request object. getLocales() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns an Enumeration of Locale objects indicating, in decreasing order starting with the preferred locale, the locales that are acceptable to the client based on the Accept-Language header. getLocalName() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocalName() on the wrapped request object. getLocalName() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the host name of the Internet Protocol (IP) interface on which the request was received. getLocalPort() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getLocalPort() on the wrapped request object. getLocalPort() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) port number of the interface on which the request was received. getMajorVersion() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the major version of the Java Servlet API that this servlet container supports. getMaxAge() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the maximum age of the cookie, specified in seconds, By default, -1 indicating the cookie will persist until browser shutdown. getMaxInactiveInterval() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns the maximum time interval, in seconds, that the servlet container will keep this session open between client accesses. getMethod() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the name of the HTTP method with which this request was made, for example, GET, POST, or PUT. getMethod() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getMethod() on the wrapped request object. getMimeType(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the MIME type of the specified file, or null if the MIME type is not known. getMinorVersion() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the minor version of the Servlet API that this servlet container supports. getName() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent Return the name of the attribute that changed on the ServletContext. getName() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent Return the name of the attribute that changed on the ServletRequest getName() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent Returns the name with which the attribute is bound to or unbound from the session. getName() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the name of the cookie. getNamedDispatcher(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a RequestDispatcher object that acts as a wrapper for the named servlet. getOutputStream() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns a ServletOutputStream suitable for writing binary data in the response. getOutputStream() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getOutputStream() on the wrapped response object. getParameter(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getParameter(String name) on the wrapped request object. getParameter(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the value of a request parameter as a String, or null if the parameter does not exist. getParameterMap() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getParameterMap() on the wrapped request object. getParameterMap() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns a java.util.Map of the parameters of this request. getParameterNames() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getParameterNames() on the wrapped request object. getParameterNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns an Enumeration of String objects containing the names of the parameters contained in this request. getParameterValues(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getParameterValues(String name) on the wrapped request object. getParameterValues(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns an array of String objects containing all of the values the given request parameter has, or null if the parameter does not exist. getPath() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the path on the server to which the browser returns this cookie. getPathInfo() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns any extra path information associated with the URL the client sent when it made this request. getPathInfo() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getPathInfo() on the wrapped request object. getPathTranslated() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns any extra path information after the servlet name but before the query string, and translates it to a real path. getPathTranslated() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getPathTranslated() on the wrapped request object. getProtocol() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getProtocol() on the wrapped request object. getProtocol() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the name and version of the protocol the request uses in the form protocol/majorVersion.minorVersion, for example, HTTP/1.1. getQueryString() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the query string that is contained in the request URL after the path. getQueryString() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getQueryString() on the wrapped request object. getReader() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getReader() on the wrapped request object. getReader() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Retrieves the body of the request as character data using a BufferedReader. getRealPath(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a String containing the real path for a given virtual path. getRealPath(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRealPath(String path) on the wrapped request object. getRealPath(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Deprecated. As of Version 2.1 of the Java Servlet API, use ServletContext.getRealPath(java.lang.String) instead. getRemoteAddr() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRemoteAddr() on the wrapped request object. getRemoteAddr() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client or last proxy that sent the request. getRemoteHost() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRemoteHost() on the wrapped request object. getRemoteHost() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the fully qualified name of the client or the last proxy that sent the request. getRemotePort() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRemotePort() on the wrapped request object. getRemotePort() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the Internet Protocol (IP) source port of the client or last proxy that sent the request. getRemoteUser() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the login of the user making this request, if the user has been authenticated, or null if the user has not been authenticated. getRemoteUser() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRemoteUser() on the wrapped request object. getRequest() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper Return the wrapped request object. getRequestDispatcher(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a RequestDispatcher object that acts as a wrapper for the resource located at the given path. getRequestDispatcher(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRequestDispatcher(String path) on the wrapped request object. getRequestDispatcher(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns a RequestDispatcher object that acts as a wrapper for the resource located at the given path. getRequestedSessionId() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the session ID specified by the client. getRequestedSessionId() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRequestedSessionId() on the wrapped request object. getRequestURI() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the part of this request's URL from the protocol name up to the query string in the first line of the HTTP request. getRequestURI() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRequestURI() on the wrapped request object. getRequestURL() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Reconstructs the URL the client used to make the request. getRequestURL() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getRequestURL() on the wrapped request object. getRequestURL(HttpServletRequest) - Static method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpUtils Deprecated. Reconstructs the URL the client used to make the request, using information in the HttpServletRequest object. getResource(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a URL to the resource that is mapped to a specified path. getResourceAsStream(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the resource located at the named path as an InputStream object. getResourcePaths(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns a directory-like listing of all the paths to resources within the web application whose longest sub-path matches the supplied path argument. getResponse() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper Return the wrapped ServletResponse object. getRootCause() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletException Returns the exception that caused this servlet exception. getScheme() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getScheme() on the wrapped request object. getScheme() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the name of the scheme used to make this request, for example, http, https, or ftp. getSecure() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns true if the browser is sending cookies only over a secure protocol, or false if the browser can send cookies using any protocol. getServerInfo() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the name and version of the servlet container on which the servlet is running. getServerName() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getServerName() on the wrapped request object. getServerName() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the host name of the server to which the request was sent. getServerPort() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getServerPort() on the wrapped request object. getServerPort() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns the port number to which the request was sent. getServlet() - Method in class javax.servlet.UnavailableException Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.2, with no replacement. Returns the servlet that is reporting its unavailability. getServlet(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.1, with no direct replacement. This method was originally defined to retrieve a servlet from a ServletContext. In this version, this method always returns null and remains only to preserve binary compatibility. This method will be permanently removed in a future version of the Java Servlet API. In lieu of this method, servlets can share information using the ServletContext class and can perform shared business logic by invoking methods on common non-servlet classes. getServletConfig() - Method in interface javax.servlet.Servlet Returns a ServletConfig object, which contains initialization and startup parameters for this servlet. getServletConfig() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns this servlet's ServletConfig object. getServletContext() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent Returns the ServletContext of this web application. getServletContext() - Method in interface javax.servlet.FilterConfig Returns a reference to the ServletContext in which the caller is executing. getServletContext() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletConfig Returns a reference to the ServletContext in which the caller is executing. getServletContext() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent Return the ServletContext that changed. getServletContext() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns a reference to the ServletContext in which this servlet is running. getServletContext() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns the ServletContext to which this session belongs. getServletContextName() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Returns the name of this web application corresponding to this ServletContext as specified in the deployment descriptor for this web application by the display-name element. getServletInfo() - Method in interface javax.servlet.Servlet Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and copyright. getServletInfo() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and copyright. getServletName() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletConfig Returns the name of this servlet instance. getServletName() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Returns the name of this servlet instance. getServletNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.1, with no replacement. This method was originally defined to return an Enumeration of all the servlet names known to this context. In this version, this method always returns an empty Enumeration and remains only to preserve binary compatibility. This method will be permanently removed in a future version of the Java Servlet API. getServletPath() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the part of this request's URL that calls the servlet. getServletPath() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getServletPath() on the wrapped request object. getServletRequest() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent Returns the ServletRequest that is changing. getServlets() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.0, with no replacement. This method was originally defined to return an Enumeration of all the servlets known to this servlet context. In this version, this method always returns an empty enumeration and remains only to preserve binary compatibility. This method will be permanently removed in a future version of the Java Servlet API. getSession() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent Return the session that changed. getSession() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent Return the session that changed. getSession() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the current session associated with this request, or if the request does not have a session, creates one. getSession() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getSession() on the wrapped request object. getSession(boolean) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns the current HttpSession associated with this request or, if there is no current session and create is true, returns a new session. getSession(boolean) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getSession(boolean create) on the wrapped request object. getSession(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.1 with no replacement. This method must return null and will be removed in a future version of this API. getSessionContext() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Deprecated. As of Version 2.1, this method is deprecated and has no replacement. It will be removed in a future version of the Java Servlet API. getUnavailableSeconds() - Method in class javax.servlet.UnavailableException Returns the number of seconds the servlet expects to be temporarily unavailable. getUserPrincipal() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns a java.security.Principal object containing the name of the current authenticated user. getUserPrincipal() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getUserPrincipal() on the wrapped request object. getValue() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent Returns the value of the attribute that has been added, removed, or replaced. getValue() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent Returns the value of the attribute that has been added, removed or replaced. getValue() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent Returns the value of the attribute that has been added, removed or replaced. getValue() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the value of the cookie. getValue(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Deprecated. As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by HttpSession.getAttribute(java.lang.String). getValueNames() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Deprecated. As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by HttpSession.getAttributeNames() getVersion() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.Cookie Returns the version of the protocol this cookie complies with. getWriter() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns a PrintWriter object that can send character text to the client. getWriter() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return getWriter() on the wrapped response object. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H HttpServlet - class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet. Provides an abstract class to be subclassed to create an HTTP servlet suitable for a Web site. HttpServlet() - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Does nothing, because this is an abstract class. HttpServletRequest - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest. Extends the ServletRequest interface to provide request information for HTTP servlets. HttpServletRequestWrapper - class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper. Provides a convenient implementation of the HttpServletRequest interface that can be subclassed by developers wishing to adapt the request to a Servlet. HttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper Constructs a request object wrapping the given request. HttpServletResponse - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse. Extends the ServletResponse interface to provide HTTP-specific functionality in sending a response. HttpServletResponseWrapper - class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper. Provides a convenient implementation of the HttpServletResponse interface that can be subclassed by developers wishing to adapt the response from a Servlet. HttpServletResponseWrapper(HttpServletResponse) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper Constructs a response adaptor wrapping the given response. HttpSession - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession. Provides a way to identify a user across more than one page request or visit to a Web site and to store information about that user. HttpSessionActivationListener - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener. Objects that are bound to a session may listen to container events notifying them that sessions will be passivated and that session will be activated. HttpSessionAttributeListener - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener. This listener interface can be implemented in order to get notifications of changes to the attribute lists of sessions within this web application. HttpSessionBindingEvent - class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent. Events of this type are either sent to an object that implements HttpSessionBindingListener when it is bound or unbound from a session, or to a HttpSessionAttributeListener that has been configured in the deployment descriptor when any attribute is bound, unbound or replaced in a session. HttpSessionBindingEvent(HttpSession, String) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent Constructs an event that notifies an object that it has been bound to or unbound from a session. HttpSessionBindingEvent(HttpSession, String, Object) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent Constructs an event that notifies an object that it has been bound to or unbound from a session. HttpSessionBindingListener - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener. Causes an object to be notified when it is bound to or unbound from a session. HttpSessionContext - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext. Deprecated. As of Java(tm) Servlet API 2.1 for security reasons, with no replacement. This interface will be removed in a future version of this API. HttpSessionEvent - class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent. This is the class representing event notifications for changes to sessions within a web application. HttpSessionEvent(HttpSession) - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent Construct a session event from the given source. HttpSessionListener - interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener. Implementations of this interface are notified of changes to the list of active sessions in a web application. HttpUtils - class javax.servlet.http.HttpUtils. Deprecated. As of Java(tm) Servlet API 2.3. These methods were only useful with the default encoding and have been moved to the request interfaces. HttpUtils() - Constructor for class javax.servlet.http.HttpUtils Deprecated. Constructs an empty HttpUtils object. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I include(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) - Method in interface javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher Includes the content of a resource (servlet, JSP page, HTML file) in the response. init() - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet A convenience method which can be overridden so that there's no need to call super.init(config). init(FilterConfig) - Method in interface javax.servlet.Filter Called by the web container to indicate to a filter that it is being placed into service. init(ServletConfig) - Method in interface javax.servlet.Servlet Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet is being placed into service. init(ServletConfig) - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet is being placed into service. invalidate() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Invalidates this session then unbinds any objects bound to it. isCommitted() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Returns a boolean indicating if the response has been committed. isCommitted() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isCommitted() on the wrapped response object. isNew() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Returns true if the client does not yet know about the session or if the client chooses not to join the session. isPermanent() - Method in class javax.servlet.UnavailableException Returns a boolean indicating whether the servlet is permanently unavailable. isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Checks whether the requested session ID came in as a cookie. isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie() on the wrapped request object. isRequestedSessionIdFromUrl() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Deprecated. As of Version 2.1 of the Java Servlet API, use HttpServletRequest.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL() instead. isRequestedSessionIdFromUrl() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isRequestedSessionIdFromUrl() on the wrapped request object. isRequestedSessionIdFromURL() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Checks whether the requested session ID came in as part of the request URL. isRequestedSessionIdFromURL() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isRequestedSessionIdFromURL() on the wrapped request object. isRequestedSessionIdValid() - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Checks whether the requested session ID is still valid. isRequestedSessionIdValid() - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isRequestedSessionIdValid() on the wrapped request object. isSecure() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isSecure() on the wrapped request object. isSecure() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Returns a boolean indicating whether this request was made using a secure channel, such as HTTPS. isUserInRole(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest Returns a boolean indicating whether the authenticated user is included in the specified logical "role". isUserInRole(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return isUserInRole(String role) on the wrapped request object. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J javax.servlet - package javax.servlet This chapter describes the javax.servlet package. javax.servlet.http - package javax.servlet.http This chapter describes the javax.servlet.http package. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L log(Exception, String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Deprecated. As of Java Servlet API 2.1, use ServletContext.log(String message, Throwable throwable) instead. This method was originally defined to write an exception's stack trace and an explanatory error message to the servlet log file. log(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, usually an event log. log(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Writes the specified message to a servlet log file, prepended by the servlet's name. log(String, Throwable) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given Throwable exception to the servlet log file. log(String, Throwable) - Method in class javax.servlet.GenericServlet Writes an explanatory message and a stack trace for a given Throwable exception to the servlet log file, prepended by the servlet's name. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P parsePostData(int, ServletInputStream) - Static method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpUtils Deprecated. Parses data from an HTML form that the client sends to the server using the HTTP POST method and the application/x-www-form-urlencoded MIME type. parseQueryString(String) - Static method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpUtils Deprecated. Parses a query string passed from the client to the server and builds a HashTable object with key-value pairs. print(boolean) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a boolean value to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) character at the end. print(char) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a character to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) at the end. print(double) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a double value to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) at the end. print(float) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a float value to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) at the end. print(int) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes an int to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) at the end. print(long) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a long value to the client, with no carriage return-line feed (CRLF) at the end. print(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a String to the client, without a carriage return-line feed (CRLF) character at the end. println() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a carriage return-line feed (CRLF) to the client. println(boolean) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a boolean value to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). println(char) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a character to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). println(double) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a double value to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). println(float) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a float value to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). println(int) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes an int to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF) character. println(long) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a long value to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). println(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream Writes a String to the client, followed by a carriage return-line feed (CRLF). putValue(String, Object) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Deprecated. As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by HttpSession.setAttribute(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- R readLine(byte[], int, int) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletInputStream Reads the input stream, one line at a time. removeAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletContext Removes the attribute with the given name from the servlet context. removeAttribute(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call removeAttribute(String name) on the wrapped request object. removeAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest Removes an attribute from this request. removeAttribute(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Removes the object bound with the specified name from this session. removeValue(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession Deprecated. As of Version 2.2, this method is replaced by HttpSession.removeAttribute(java.lang.String) requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener The request is about to go out of scope of the web application. RequestDispatcher - interface javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher. Defines an object that receives requests from the client and sends them to any resource (such as a servlet, HTML file, or JSP file) on the server. requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent) - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener The request is about to come into scope of the web application. reset() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Clears any data that exists in the buffer as well as the status code and headers. reset() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call reset() on the wrapped response object. resetBuffer() - Method in interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse Clears the content of the underlying buffer in the response without clearing headers or status code. resetBuffer() - Method in class javax.servlet.ServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call resetBuffer() on the wrapped response object. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S SC_ACCEPTED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (202) indicating that a request was accepted for processing, but was not completed. SC_BAD_GATEWAY - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (502) indicating that the HTTP server received an invalid response from a server it consulted when acting as a proxy or gateway. SC_BAD_REQUEST - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (400) indicating the request sent by the client was syntactically incorrect. SC_CONFLICT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (409) indicating that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. SC_CONTINUE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (100) indicating the client can continue. SC_CREATED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (201) indicating the request succeeded and created a new resource on the server. SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (417) indicating that the server could not meet the expectation given in the Expect request header. SC_FORBIDDEN - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (403) indicating the server understood the request but refused to fulfill it. SC_FOUND - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (302) indicating that the resource reside temporarily under a different URI. SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (504) indicating that the server did not receive a timely response from the upstream server while acting as a gateway or proxy. SC_GONE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (410) indicating that the resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (505) indicating that the server does not support or refuses to support the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (500) indicating an error inside the HTTP server which prevented it from fulfilling the request. SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (411) indicating that the request cannot be handled without a defined Content-Length. SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (405) indicating that the method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (301) indicating that the resource has permanently moved to a new location, and that future references should use a new URI with their requests. SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (302) indicating that the resource has temporarily moved to another location, but that future references should still use the original URI to access the resource. SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (300) indicating that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location. SC_NO_CONTENT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (204) indicating that the request succeeded but that there was no new information to return. SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (203) indicating that the meta information presented by the client did not originate from the server. SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (406) indicating that the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request. SC_NOT_FOUND - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (404) indicating that the requested resource is not available. SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (501) indicating the HTTP server does not support the functionality needed to fulfill the request. SC_NOT_MODIFIED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (304) indicating that a conditional GET operation found that the resource was available and not modified. SC_OK - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (200) indicating the request succeeded normally. SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (206) indicating that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (402) reserved for future use. SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (412) indicating that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (407) indicating that the client MUST first authenticate itself with the proxy. SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (413) indicating that the server is refusing to process the request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (408) indicating that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (414) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (416) indicating that the server cannot serve the requested byte range. SC_RESET_CONTENT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (205) indicating that the agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. SC_SEE_OTHER - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (303) indicating that the response to the request can be found under a different URI. SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (503) indicating that the HTTP server is temporarily overloaded, and unable to handle the request. SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (101) indicating the server is switching protocols according to Upgrade header. SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (307) indicating that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. SC_UNAUTHORIZED - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (401) indicating that the request requires HTTP authentication. SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (415) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method. SC_USE_PROXY - Static variable in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Status code (305) indicating that the requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. sendError(int) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call sendError(int sc) on the wrapped response object. sendError(int) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Sends an error response to the client using the specified status code and clearing the buffer. sendError(int, String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to call sendError(int sc, String msg) on the wrapped response object. sendError(int, String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Sends an error response to the client using the specified status. sendRedirect(String) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper The default behavior of this method is to return sendRedirect(String location) on the wrapped response object. sendRedirect(String) - Method in interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse Sends a temporary redirect response to the client using the specified redirect location URL. service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) - Method in class javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet Receives standard HTTP requests from the public service method and dispatches them to the doXXX methods defined in this class. service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) - Method in interfac

关于雷达方面的知识！ EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRACTING WATER SURFACE SLOPES FROM LIDAR DATA WITHIN THE ACTIVE CHANNEL: SANDY RIVER, OREGON, USA by JOHN THOMAS ENGLISH A THESIS Presented to the Department of Geography and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science March 2009 11 "Effectiveness of Extracting Water Surface Slopes from LiDAR Data within the Active Channel: Sandy River, Oregon, USA," a thesis prepared by John Thomas English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Department of Geography. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Date Committee in Charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chair Patricia F. McDowell Accepted by: Dean of the Graduate School © 2009 John Thomas English 111 IV An Abstract of the Thesis of John Thomas English in the Department of Geography for the degree of to be taken Master of Science March 2009 Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTRACTING WATER SURFACE SLOPES FROM LIDAR DATA WITHIN THE ACTIVE CHANNEL: SANDY RIVER, OREGON, USA Approved: _ W. Andrew Marcus This paper examines the capability ofLiDAR data to accurately map river water surface slopes in three reaches of the Sandy River, Oregon, USA. LiDAR data were compared with field measurements to evaluate accuracies and determine how water surface roughness and point density affect LiDAR measurements. Results show that LiDAR derived water surface slopes were accurate to within 0.0047,0.0025, and 0.0014 slope, with adjusted R2 values of 0.35, 0.47, and 0.76 for horizontal intervals of 5, 10, and 20m, respectively. Additionally, results show LiDAR provides greater data density where water surfaces are broken. This study provides conclusive evidence supporting use ofLiDAR to measure water surface slopes of channels with accuracies similar to field based approaches. CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: John Thomas English PLACE OF BIRTH: Eugene, Oregon DATE OF BIRTH: January 1st, 1980 GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon Southern Oregon University, Ashland, Oregon DEGREES AWARDED: Master of Science, Geography, March 2009, University of Oregon Bachelor of Science, Geography, 2001, Southern Oregon University AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Fluvial Geomorphology Remote Sensing PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: LiDAR Database Coordinator, Oregon Department of Geology & Mineral Industries, June 2008 - present. LiDAR & Remote Sensing Specialist, Sky Research Inc., 2003 - 2008 GRANTS, AWARDS AND HONORS: Gamma Theta Upsilon Geographic Society Member, 2006 Gradutate Teaching Fellowship, Social Science Instructional Laboratory, 20062007 v VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express special thanks to Professors W.A. Marcus and Patricia McDowell for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. In addition, special thanks are due to Mr. Paul Blanton who assisted with field data collection for this project. I also thank the members ofmy family who have been encouraging and supportive during the entirety of my graduate schooling. I wish to thank my parents Thomas and Nancy English for always being proud of me. Special thanks to my son Finn for always making me smile. Lastly, special thanks to my wife Kathryn for her unwavering support, love, and encouragement. Dedicated to my mother Bonita Claire English (1950-2004). Vll V111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROlTND 5 Water Surface Slope 5 LiDAR Measurements of Active Channel Features 7 III. STUDY AREA 10 IV. METHODS 22 Overview 22 LiDAR Data and Image Acquisition 23 Field Data Acquisition 24 LiDAR Processing 25 Calculation of Water Surface Slopes 27 Evaluating LiDAR Slope Accuracies and Controls 33 V. RESULTS 35 Comparison of Absolute Elevations from Field and LiDAR Data in Reach 1 35 Slope Comparisons 41 Surface Roughness Analysis 46 VI. DiSCUSSiON 51 VII. CONCLUSION 57 APPENDIX: ARCGIS VBA SCRIPT CODE 58 REFERENCES 106 IX LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Return Factor vs. LiDAR Scan Angle 2 2. Angle of Incidence 3 3. Wave Action Relationship to LiDAR Echo 3 4. Site Map 11 5. Annual Hydrograph of Sandy River 13 6. Oregon GAP Vegetation within Study Area 15 7. Photo of Himalayan Blackberry on Sandy River 16 8. Reach 1 Site Area Map with photo 18 9. Reach 2 Site Area Map 20 10. Reach 3 Site Area Map 21 11. LiDAR Point Filtering Processing Step 26 12. Field DEM Interpolated using Kriging 29 13. Reach 1 LiDAR Cross Sections and Sample Point Location 31 14. Differences Between LiDAR and Field Based Elevations 37 15. Regression ofLiDAR and Field Cross section Elevations 38 16. Comparison of LiDAR and Field Longitudinal Profiles (5, 10,20 meters) 40 17. Regression ofField and LiDAR Based Slopes (5, 10,20 meters) 42 18. Differences Between LiDAR and Field Based Slopes (5, 10,20 meters) 44 19. Relationship of Water Surfaces to LiDAR Point Density 47 20. Marmot Dam: Orthophotographyand Colorized Slope Model 50 21. LiDAR Point Density versus Interpolation 53 LIST OF TABLES T~k p~ 1. Reported Accuracies of 2006 and 2007 LiDAR 24 2. Results of LiDAR and Field Elevation Comparison 38 3. Results ofLiDAR and Field Slope Comparison (5, 10,20 meters) 45 4. Results of Reach 1 Slope Comparison 46 5. Water Surface Roughness Results for Reach 1,2, and 3 48 6. Results of Reach 1 Water Surface Roughness Comparison 49 7. Subset of Reach 3 Water Surface Roughness Analysis Near Marmot Dam 50 x 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has become a common tool for mapping and documenting floodplain environments by supplying individual point elevations and accurate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) (Bowen & Waltermire, 2002; Gilvear et aI., 2004; Glenn et aI., 2005; Magid et aI., 2005; Thoma, 2005; Smith et aI., 2006; Gangodagamage et aI., 2007). Active channel characteristics that have been extracted using LiDAR include bank profiles, longitudinal profiles (Magid et aI., 2005; Cavalli et aI., 2007) and transverse profiles of gullies under forest canopies (James et aI., 2007). To date, however, no one has tested if LiDAR returns from water surfaces can be used to measure local water surface slopes within the active channel. Much of the reason that researchers have not attempted to measure water surface slopes with LiDAR is because most LiDAR pulses are absorbed or not returned from the water surface. However, where the angle of incidence is close to nadir (i.e. the LiDAR pulse is fired near perpendicular to water surface plane), light is reflected and provides elevations off the water surface (Figure 1, Maslov et aI., 2000). Where LiDAR pulses glance the water surface at angles of incidence greater than 53 degrees, a LiDAR pulse is 2 more often lost to refraction (Figure 2) (Jenkins, 1957). In broken water surface conditions the water surface plane is angled, which produces perpendicular angles of incidence allowing for greater chance of return (Maslov et al. 2000). Su et al. (2007) documented this concept by examining LiDAR returns off disturbed surfaces in a controlled lab setting (Figure 3). LiDAR returns off the water surface potentially provide accurate surface elevations that can be used to calculate surface slopes. 1.0 08 ~ 0.6 o t5 ~ E .2 ~ 04 02 00 000 __d=2° d=10 ° --d=200 --d=300 d=40o d=50o I I 2000 4000 60.00 sensing angle, degree I 8000 Figure 1. Return Factor vs. LiDAR Scan Angle. Figure shows relationship between water surface return and scan angle. Return Factor versus sensing angle at different levels of the waving d (d = scan angle). Figure shows the relationship of scan angle of LiDAR to return from a water surface. Return factor is greatest at low scan angles relative to the nadir region of scan. (Maslov, D. V. et. al. (2000). A Shore-based LiDAR for Coastal Seawater Monitoring. Proceedings ofEARSeL-SIGWorkshop, Figure 1, pg. 47). 3 reflected\\ :.;/ incident 1 I 1 . '\ I lAIR \ •••••••• ••••••••••••• •••••• ••••••••••••••••••••• • •• eo ••••••••••• o •••••••••••• _0 •••••••••• 0 ••• .•.•.•.•.•.•00 ,••••• ' 0•••• 0 ••••••••••• 0 ••I' .•.•.•.•.•.,................. .".0 ••••••••••••• , •••••••••••• , ••••••••••0••••. .....................................~ . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••• 0 •• ~~~)}))}))})))))))))\..)}))?()))))))))))))))))j((~j< Figure 2. Angle of Incidence. Figure displays concept of reflection and refraction of light according to angle of incidence. The intensity of light is greater as the angle of incidence approaches nadir. (Jenkins, F.A., White, RE. "Fundamentals of Optics". McGraw-Hili, 1957, Chapter 25) 09 08 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 r - 0.\ O,j/6Y3- -500 17.5 35 52.5 70 horizonral scanning dislancC(lllm) 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 a b Figure 3. Wave Action Relationship to LiDAR Echo. "LiDAR measurements of wake profiles generated by propeller at 6000 rpm (a) and 8000 rpm (b). Su's work definitively showed LiDAR's ability to measure water surfaces, and the relationship of wave action to capability of echo. From Su (2007) figure 5, p.844 . This study examines whether LiDAR can accurately measure water surface elevations and slopes. In order to address this topic, I assess the vertical accuracy of LiDAR and the effects of water surface roughness on LiDAR within the active channel. Findings shed light on the utility of LiDAR for measuring water surface slopes in different stream environments and methodological constraints to using LiDAR for this purpose. 4 5 CHAPTER II BACKGROlJND Water Surface Slope Water surface slope is a significant component to many equations for modeling hydraulics, sediment transport, and fluvial geomorphic processes (Knighton, 1999, Sing & Zang, in press). Traditional methods for measuring water surface slope include both direct and indirect methods. Direct water surface slope measurements typically use a device such as a total station or theodolite in combination with a stadia rod or drop line to measure water surface elevations (Harrelson, et ai., 1994, Western et ai., 1997). Inaccuracies in measurements stem from surface turbulence that makes it difficult to precisely locate the water surface, especially in fast water where flows pile up against the measuring device (Halwas, 2002). Direct survey methods often require a field team to occupy several known points throughout a reach. This is a time consuming process, especially if one wanted to document water surface slope along large portions of a river. This method can be dangerous in deep or fast water. 6 Indirect methods of water surface slope measurement consist of acquiring approximate water surface elevations using strand lines, water marks, secondary data sources such as contours from topographic maps, or hydraulic modeling to back calculate the water depth (USACE, 1993; Western et aI., 1997). Variable quality of data and modeling errors can lead to inaccuracies using these methods. The use of strand lines and water marks may not necessarily represent the peak flows or the water surface. Contours may be calculated or interpolated from survey points taken outside the channel area. The most commonly used hydraulic models are based on reconstruction of I-dimensional flow within the channel and do not account for channel variability between cross section locations. LiDAR water surface returns have a great deal of promise for improving measurement of water surfaces in several significant ways. LiDAR measurements eliminate hazards associated with surveyors being in the water. LiDAR also captures an immense amount of elevation data over a very short period of time, with hundreds of thousands of pulses collected within a few seconds for a single swath. Within this mass of pulses, hundreds or thousands of measurements off the water's surface may be collected depending on the nature of surface roughness, with broken water surfaces increasing the likelihood of measurements (Figure 3). In addition, most terrestrial LiDAR surveys collect data by flying multiple overlapping flight lines, thus increasing the number of returns in off nadir overlapping areas and the potential for returns from water surfaces. 7 The accuracy of high quality LiDAR measurements is comparable to field techniques. The relative variability of quality LiDAR vertical measurements typically ranges between 0.03-0.05 meters (Leica, 2007), where relative variability is the total range of vertical error within an individual scan on surface of consistent elevation. Lastly, LiDAR has the ability to collect water surface elevations over large stretches of river within a single flight of a few hours. LiDAR Measurements of Active Channel Features Recent studies evaluating the utility of LiDAR in the active channel environment have documented the effectiveness of using LiDAR DTMs to extract bank profiles. Magid et al. (2005) examined long term changes of longitudinal profiles along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. The study used historical survey data from 1923 and differenced topographic elevations with LiDAR data flown in 2000. LiDAR with three meter spot spacing was used to estimate water surface profiles based on the LiDAR elevations nearest to the known channel. Cavalli et al. (2007) extracted longitudinal profiles of the exposed bed of the Rio Cordon, Italy using 0.5 meter LiDAR DEM cells. This study successfully attributed LiDAR DEM roughness within the channel to instream habitats. Bowen and Waltermire (2002) found that LiDAR elevations within the floodplain were less accurate than advertised by vendors and sensor manufacturers. Dense vegetation within the riparian area prevented LiDAR pulses from reaching the 8 ground surface resulting in accuracies ranging 1-2 meters. Accuracies within unvegetated areas and flat surfaces met vendor specifications (l5-20cm). James et al. (2007) used LiDAR at 3 meter spot spacing to map transverse profiles of gullies under forest canopies. Results from this study showed that gully morphologies were underestimated by LiDAR data, possibly due to low density point spacing and biased filtering of the bare earth model. Today, point densities of 4-8 points/m2 are common and would likely alleviate some of the troubles found in this study. Additional studies have used LiDAR to extract geomorphic data from channel areas. Schumann et al. (2008) compared a variety of remotely sensed elevation models for floodplain mapping. The study used 2 meter LiDAR DEMs as topographic base data for floodplain modeling, and found that modeled flood stages based on the LiDAR DEM were accurate to within 0.35m. Ruesser and Bierman (2007) used high resolution LiDAR data to calculate erosion fluxes between strath terraces based on elevation. Gangodagamage et al. (2007) used LiDAR to extract river corridor width series, which help to quantify processes involved in valley formation. This study used a fixed water surface elevation and did not attempt to demonstrate the accuracy of LiDAR derived water surfaces. Green LiDAR also has been used to examine riverine environments. Green LiDAR functions much like terrestrial LiDAR (which uses an infrared laser) except that green LiDAR systems use green light that has the ability to penetrate the water surface and measure the elevation of the channel bed. Green LiDAR is far less common than terrestrial LiDAR and the majority of studies have been centered on studies of ocean shorelines. Wang and Philpot (2007) assessed attenuation parameters for measuring bathymetry in near shore shallow water, concluding that quality bathymetric models can be achieved through a number of post-processing steps. Hilldale and Raft (2007) assessed the accuracy and precision of bathymetric LiDAR and concluded that although the resulting models were informative, bathymetric LiDAR was less precise than traditional survey methods. In general, it is often difficult to assess the accuracy of bathymetric LiDAR given issues related to access of the channel bed at time of flight. 9 10 CHAPTER III STUDY AREA The study area is the Sandy River, Oregon, which flows from the western slopes ofMount Hood northwest to the Columbia River (Figure 4). Recent LiDAR data and aerial photography capture the variety of water surface characteristics in the Sandy River, which range from shooting flow to wide pool-riffle formations. The recent removal of the large run-of-river Marmot Dam upstream of the analysis sites has also generated interest in the river's hydraulics and geomorphology. 11 545000 ,·......,c' 550000 556000 560000 Washington, I 565000 -. Portland Sandy River .Eugene Oregon 570000 ooo '~" ooo ~ ooo~ • Gresham (""IIIII/hill /flIt'r Oregon Clack. fna County Marmot Dam IHillshaded area represents 2006 LiDAR extent. Ol1hophotography was collected only along the Sandy River channel within the LiDAR extent. 10 KiiomElt:IS t---+---+-~I--+--+----t-+--+---+----jl 545000 550000 555000 560000 565000 570000 Figure 4. Site Map. Site area map showing location of analysis reaches within the 2006 and 2007 LiDAR coverage areas. Olihophotography was also collected for the 2006 study, but was collected only along the Sandy River channel. 12 Floodplain longitudinal slopes along the Sandy River average 0.02 and reach a maximum of 0.04. The Sandy River has closely spaced pool-riffles and rapids in the upper reaches, transitioning to longer sequenced pool-riffle morphology in the middle and lower reaches. The Sandy River bed is dominated by sand. Cobbles and small boulders are present mostly in areas of riffles and rapids. Much of the channel is incised with steep slopes along the channel boundaries. The flow regime is typical of Pacific Northwest streams, with peak flows in the winter months ofNovember through February and in late spring with snowmelt runoff (Figure 5). Low flows occur between late September and early October. The average peak annual flow at the Sandy River station below Bull Run River (USGS 14142500) is 106cms. Average annual low flow for the same gauge is 13.9cms. 13 USGS 14142500 SRNDY RIVER BL~ BULL RUN RIVER, NR BULL RUN, OR 200 k.===_~~~=~~~=.......==",,=~-........==~ ~....J Jan 01Feb Ollar 01Rpr O:t1ay 01Jun 01Jul 01Rug OJSep 010ct 01Nov O:IJec 01 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 \ 11 ~I\\ ,1\ 1\ j\ 1"J'fn I\. I, ) \ , ,;' ) I I" 'I'•., I I' I' ] 30000 ~~-~----~-------------~-------, o ~ 20000 ~ 8'-. 10000 ~ Ql Ql ~ U '001 ~ ::::J U, Ql to 1000 to .= u Co? '001 Cl )- .....J. a: Cl Hedian daily statistic <59 years) Daily nean discharge --- Estinated daily nean discharge Period of approved data Period of provisional data Figure 5, Annual Hydrograph of Sandy River. US Geological Survey gaging station annual hydrograph of Sandy River, Oregon at Bull Run River. Data from http://waterdata.usgs.gov/or/nwis/annual/ Vegetation is mostly a mixture of Douglas fir and western red hemlock (Figure 6). Other vegetation includes palustrine forest found in the upper portions of the study area, and agricultural lands found in the middle and lower portions. Douglas fir and western red hemlock make up 87% of vegetated areas, palustrine forest 5%, and agricultural lands 5%, the remaining 3% is open water associated with the channel and reservoirs (Oregon GAP Analysis Program, 2002). The city of Troutdale, OR abuts the lower reaches of the Sandy River. Along this stretch of river Himalayan blackberry, an invasive species, dominates the western banks (Figure 7). The presence of Himalayan blackberry is significant because LiDAR has trouble penetrating through the dense clusters of vines. When this blackberry is close to the water's edge it is difficult to accurately define the channel boundary. 14 15 545000 550000 555000 560000 565000 570000 Reach 3 10 !'Open Water Palustrine Forest Red Alder-Big Leaf Maple Forest Urban oo o o~ 545000 550000 555000 560000 565000 570000 Figure 6. Oregon GAP Vegetation within Study Area. 1999 Oregon GAP Analysis data for Sandy River area. Map shows how the Sandy River area is dominated by Douglas fir forest with areas of palustrine forest and agricultural lands (Oregon Natural Heritage Program, 1999). 16 Figure 7. Photo of Himalayan Blackberry on Sandy River. Himalayan blackberry near mouth of the Sandy River March, 25th 2007. Photo by John English. This study focuses on three reaches of channel that represent a range of water surface conditions along the river. Reach 1 is a I80-m long pool-riffle reach located 3.7 river kilometers upstream from the mouth, and is where we collected field data shortly after the 2007 LiDAR flight (Figure 8a). The bed is sandy in this reach and can change dramatically during high flows. The bank full width of Reach 1 is approximately 108 meters at its widest point. At the downstream end of the riffle, the channel is constricted 17 by riprap placed along the banks as the river flows under a bridge. Vegetation comprises deciduous and conifer trees such as Douglas fir, hemlock, and cottonwoods. Blackberry is present along the channel, but is not so dense that it obscures the active channel boundary. 18 b. Figure 8. Reach 1 Site Area Map with Photo. Reach 1 site area. Top figure (a) shows approximate width at bank full and length of field data collections. Yellow circles represent points along stream margins where water surface elevations were surveyed. Bottom photo (b) looks downstream from total station location. 19 Reach 2 (Figure 9) is located approximately 23.5 kIn upstream from the mouth of the Sandy River and is 1,815 meters in length. The widest portion of channel at approximate bank full is 116m. The channel consists of a large meander with sinuosity of 1.38 and consists of six riffles and five pools spaced at regular intervals. The substrate consists of sands with small boulders and large cobbles dominating riffle areas. Cobbles and boulders have likely been introduced to the channel as a result of mass wasting. Douglas fir dominates along banks. 20 oJ> 0° 200 MetersO 0 ~~~~~~I O~~~OOO~ Figure 9. Reach 2 Site Area Map. Site map of Reach 2. Reach 2 contains 359 cross sections derived from LiDAR and 3,456 sample points. Inset map shows cross section sample locations derived from LiDAR and smooth/rough water surface delineations used in analysis. 21 Reach 3 is located 40.7km upstream from the mouth of the Sandy and is 2,815 meters in length (Figure 10). The widest portion of this section at approximate banle full is 88 meters. The upstream extent of the channel includes the supercritical flow of Marmot Dam. The channel is incised and relatively straight with a sinuosity of 1.08. Fine sands dominate the channel bed with some boulders likely present from mass wasting along valley walls. As with Reach 2, Douglas fir dominates bank vegetation along. 200 40) Inset mAp displays UDAR point I densily alol1g willl cross seellon Sanlpleing dala LiDAR cross section SAmple locations were used to eX1mcl poinl density values. 503 fOC I 000 '.1..Hrs 1-.,...--,.-+--=1..,=-,---4I--+-1---11 . Reach 3 Figure 10. Reach 3 Site Area Map. Site map of Reach 3. Inset map shows point LiDAR water surface points. Reach 3 contains 550 cross sections and 3,348 sample points. Visual examination of this map allows one to see how point density varies within the active channel. 22 CHAPTER IV METHODS Overview LiDAR data and orthophotography were collected in 2006 and additional LiDAR data were collected over the same area in 2007. Field measurements were obtained five days after the 2007 LiDAR flight in order to compare field measurements of water surface slope to LiDAR-based measurements. Time of flight field measurements of water surface elevations were not obtained for the 2006 flight, but the coincident collection of LiDAR data and orthophotos provide a basis for evaluating variability of LiDAR-based slopes over different channel types as identified from aerial photos. Following sections provide more detail regarding these methods. 23 LiDAR Data and Image Acquisition All LiDAR data were collected using a Leica ALS50 Phase II LiDAR system mounted on a Cessna Caravan C208 (see Table 1 for LiDAR acquisition specifications). The 2006 LiDAR data were collected October 2211d and encompassed 13,780 hectares of high resolution (2':4 points/m2 ) LiDAR data from the mouth of the Sandy River to Marmot Dam. Fifteen centimeter ground resolution orthophotography was collected September 26th , 2006 along the riparian corridor of the Sandy River from its mouth to just above the former site ofMarmot dam (Figure 4). The 2007 LiDAR were collected on October 8th and covered the same extent as the 2006 flight, but did not include orthophotography. Data included filtered XYZ ASCII point data, LiDAR DEMs as ESRI formatted grids at 0.5 meter cell size. Data were collected at 2':8 points per m2 providing a data set with significantly higher point density than the 2006 LiDAR data. The 2006 LiDAR data were collected in one continuous flight. 2006 orthophotography was collected using an RC30 camera system. Data were delivered in RGB geoTIFF format. LiDAR data were calibrated by the contractor to correct for IMU position errors (pitch, roll, heading, and mirror scale). Quality control points were collected along roads and other permanent flat features for absolute vertical correction of data. Horizontal accuracy ofLiDAR data is governed by flying height above ground with horizontal accuracy being equal to 1I3300th of flight altitude (meters) (Leica, 2007). 24 Table 1. Reported Accuracies of 2006 and 2007 LiDAR. Reported Accuracies and conditions for 2006 and 2007 LiDAR data. (Watershed Sciences PGE LiDAR Delivery Report, 2006, Watershed Sciences DOGAMI LiDAR Delivery Report, 2007). Relative Accuracy is a measure of flight line offsets resulting from sensor calibration. 2006 LiDAR 2007 LiDAR Flying height above ground level meters (AGL) 1100 1000 Absolute Vertical Accuracy in meters 0.063 0.034 Relative Accuracy in meters (calibration) 0.058 0.054 Horizontal Accuracy (l/3300th * AGL) meters 0.37 0.33 Discharge @ time of flight (cms) 13.05 20.8 - 21.8 LiDAR data collection over the Reach 1 field survey location was obtained in a single flight on October 8, 2007 between 1:30 and 6:00 pm. During the LiDAR flight, ground quality control data were collected along roads and other permanent flat surfaces within the collection area. These data were used to adjust for absolute vertical accuracy. Field Data Acquisition A river survey crew was dispatched at the soonest possible date (October 13, 2007) after the 2007 flight to collect ground truth data within the Reach 1. The initial aim was to survey water surface elevations at cross sections of the channel, but the survey was limited to near shore measurements due to high velocity conditions. We collected 187 measurements of bed elevation and depth one to fifteen meters from banks along both sides of the channel (Figure 8a) using standard total station longitudinal profile 25 survey methods (Harrelson, 1994). Seventy-six and 98 measurements were collected along the east and west banks, respectively, at intervals of approximately 1 to 2 meters. Thirteen additional measurements were collected along the east bank at approximately ten meter intervals. Depth measurements were added to bed elevations to derive water surface elevations. Discharge during the survey ranged between 22.5 and 22.7 cms during the survey of the east bank and remained steady at 22.5 cms during the survey of the west bank (USGS station 14142500). LiDAR Processing The goal ofLiDAR processing for this project was to classify LiDAR point data within the active channel as water and output this subset data for further analysis. The LiDAR imagery was first clipped to the active channel using a boundary digitized from the 2006 high resolution orthophotography. LiDAR point data were then reclassified to remove bars, banks, and overhanging vegetation (Figure 11). 26 Figure 11. LiDAR Point Filtering Processing Step. LiDAR processing steps. Top image shows entire LiDAR point cloud clipped to active channel boundary. Lower image shows the final processed LiDAR points representing only those points that reflect off the water surface. All bars and overhanging vegetation have been removed as well. 27 Water points were classified using the ground classification algorithm in Terrascan© (Soininen, 2005) to separate water surface returns from those off of vegetation or other surfaces elevated above the ground. The classification routine uses a proprietary mathematical model to accomplish this task. Once the ground classification was finished, classified points were visually inspected to add or remove false positives and remove in-channel features such as bar islands. A total of 11,593 of 1,854,219 LiDAR points were classified as water. Points classified as water were output as comma delimited x,y,z ASCII text files (XYZ), then converted to a 0.5 meter linearly interpolated ESRI formatted grid using ESRI geoprocessing model script. Calculation of Water Surface Slopes Water surface slopes were calculated using the rise over run dimensionless slope equation where the rise is the vertical difference between upstream and downstream water surface elevations and run is the longitudinal distance between elevation locations. LiDAR data is typically used in grid format. For this reason grid data were used for calculation of water surface slopes. We used linear interpolation to grid the LiDAR point data as this is the standard method used by the LiDAR contractor. In order to compare the LiDAR and field data it was also necessary to interpolate field 28 measurements to create a water surface for the entire stream. The field data-based DEM was created using kriging interpolation within ArcGIS Desktop Spatial Analyst (Figure 12). No quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the interpolation method of the field-based water surface. The kriging interpolation was chosen because it producex the smoothest water surface based on visual inspection when compared to linear and natural neighbor interpolations, which generated irregular fluctuations that were unrealistic for a water surface. The kriged surface provided a water surface elevation model for comparative analysis with LiDAR. 29 Figure 12. Field DEM Interpolated using Kriging. Field DEM interpolated from field survey points using kriging method found in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. DEM has been hiIlshaded to show surface characteristics. The very small differences in water surface elevations generate only slight variations in the hillshadeing. To compare LiDAR and field-based water surface slopes, water surface elevations from the LiDAR and field-based DEMS were extracted at the same locations along Reach I. To accomplish this, 37 cross sections were manually constructed at approximately Sm spacings (Figure 13). Cross sections comparisons were used rather than point-to-point comparisons between streamside field and LiDAR data points because the cross sections provide water surface slopes that are more representative of the entire channel. The Sm interval spacing was considered to be a sufficient for fine resolution slope extraction. Because cross section center points were used to calculate the longitudinal distance and because the stream was sinuous, the projection of the cross sections from the center line to the banks led to stream side distances between cross sections that differed from Sm. 30 31 Smooth 125 Meters I 100 I 75 I 50 I 25 I Cross Sections Cross Section Data Roughness Delineation Cross Section Sample Locations _ Rough oI ~ each 1 Figure 13. Reach 1 LiDAR Cross Sections and Sample Point Locations. Reach I LiDAR-derived cross section sample locations and areas of smooth and rough water surface delineations. 37 cross section and 444 sample points lie within Reach 1. 32 Cross sections were extracted using a custom ArcObjects VBA script (Appendix A). This script extracted 1 cell nearest neighbor elevations along the transverse cross sections at 5 meter intervals creating 444 cross section sample locations (Figure 13). Cross section averages were calculated using field-based and LiDAR-based elevation water surface grids. The average cross sectional elevation value for field and LiDAR data were then exported to Excel files, merged with longitudinal distance between cross section, and used to calculate field survey-based and LiDAR-based slopes between cross sections. Reaches 2 and 3, for which only LiDAR data were available, were sampled using the same cross sectional approach used in Reach 1. The data extracted from these reaches were used to characterize how LiDAR-based elevations, slopes and point densities interact with varying water surface roughness. Within Reach 2, 359 cross sections were drawn and elevations were sampled every five meters along each cross section creating 3,456 cross section sample locations (Figure 9). Reach 3 contained 550 cross sections and 3,348 cross section sample locations (Figure 10). Slopes were calculated between each cross section. 33 Evaluating LiDAR Slope Accuracies and Controls The accuracy of elevation data is the major control on slope accuracy, so a comparative analysis was performed using field survey and LiDAR elevations. First, field-based and LiDAR slopes were calculated at distance intervals of five, ten and twenty meters using average cross section elevations to test the sensitivity of the slopes to vertical inaccuracies in the LiDAR data. The field and LiDAR elevations were differenced using the same points used to create average cross section elevations. Differences were plotted in the form of histogram and cumulative frequency plot after transforming them into absolute values. Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine the range, minimum, maximum, and mean offset between data sets. Finally LiDAR and field-based values were compared using regression analysis. This study also examined the effects of water surface roughness on LiDAR elevation measurements, LiDAR point density, and LiDAR derived water surface slopes. Each reach was divided into smooth and rough sections based on visual analysis of the orthophoto data. One-meter resolution slope rasters were created from the LiDAR water surface grids using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. One meter resolution point density grids were created from LiDAR point data (ArcGIS Spatial Analyst). Using the cross section sample points, values for water surface type, elevation, slope, and point density were extracted within each reach. Point sample data were transferred to tabular format, and average values were generated for each cross section. These tables were used to calculate 34 descriptive statistics associated with water surfaces such as elevation variance, average slope variance, average point density, and average slope. It is assumed in this study that smooth water surfaces are associated with pools and thus ought to have relatively low slopes. Conversely rough water surfaces are assumed to be representative of riffles and rapids, and thus ought to have relatively steeper slopes. Reach 1 contains field data, so slopes from LiDAR and field data were compared with respect to water surface conditions as determined from the aerial photos. 35 CHAPTER V RESULTS Results of this study encompass three analyses. Elevation analysis describes the statistical difference between LiDAR and field-based water surface elevations for Reach 1. Slope analysis compares LiDAR derived and field-based slopes calculated at 5, 10, and 20m longitudinal distances. These analyses aim to quantify both slope accuracy and slope sensitivity. Lastly, water surface analysis examines the relationship between LiDAR measured water surface slopes, point density, and water surface roughness. Comparison of Absolute Elevations from Field and LiDAR Data in Reach 1 The difference between water surface elevations from LiDAR affects the numerator within the rise over run equation, which in tum affects slope. This elevation analysis evaluation quantifies differences between field and LiDAR data. LiDAR-based cross section elevations were differenced from field-based cross section elevations. Difference values were examined through statistical analysis. 36 In terms of absolute elevations relative to sea level, the majority of LiDAR-based water surface elevations were lower than field-based elevations, although the LiDAR elevations were higher in the upper portion ofReach 1. Differences ranged between -0.04 and 0.05m with a mean absolute difference between field and LiDAR elevations of 0.02m (Figure 14 and Table 2). The range of differences is within the expected relative accuracies of LiDAR claimed by the LiDAR provider. Elevations for field and LiDAR data are significantly correlated with an R2 of 0.94 (Figure 15). The negative offset was expected given that discharge at time of LiDAR acquisition was lower than discharge at time of field data acquisition. Discharge during field acquisition ranged between 22.5 and 22.7 cfs, while discharge during LiDAR acquisition was between 20.8 and 21.8cfs. The portion of Reach 1 where LiDAR water surface measurements were higher than field measurements may be related to difference in discharge or change in bed configuration. Overall results showed that LiDAR data and field-based water surface measurements are comparable. 37 Distribution of Elevation Differences Between Field and LiDAR Water Surfaces 10 9 8 7 >. 6 u r:: ell 5 :l C'" ~ 4 u.. 3 2 0+---+ -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 More Elevation Difference, Field - L1DAR (m) Figure 14. Differences Between LiDAR and Field Based Elevations. Elevation difference statistics between cross sections derived from field and LiDAR elevation data. Positive differences indicate that field-based elevations were higher than LiDAR; negative differences indicate LiDAR elevations were higher. Values on x axis represent minimum difference within range. For example, the 0.01 category includes values ranging from 0.01 to 0.0199. y-1.18x-1.03 .... R2 =0.94 ""..,; I •• ./... ./ .- ./ • ./ • ./. /""I ./iI ../. _._~. -? , 38 Table 2. Results of LiDAR and Field Elevation Comparison. Descriptive and regression statistics for absolute difference lField - LiDARI values between cross section elevations. All units in meters. Sample size is 37. Mean 0.028 Median 0.030 Standard Deviation 0.013 Kurtosis -0.640 Skewness -0.484 Range of difference 0.093 Minimum difference 0.002 Absolute maximum difference 0.047 Confidence Level(95.0%) (m) 0.004 Elevation Comparison of Field and LiDAR Water Surface Elevations 5.72 5.70 ~_ 5.68 g 5.66 :0:; I1l 5.64 > iii 5.62 ell 5.60 () ~ 5.58 ~ 5.56 ~ 5.54 1\1 5.52 ~ IX 5.50 error in measurements or real change in the system. 40 5 meter Longitudinal Profile Comparison 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 5.75 .s 5.70 ~" _ • •• • :. 5 Cll 5.55 • • ~ • • w 5.50 • • • • • • • • • 5.45 5.40 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Longitudinal Distance Down Stream (m) B 20 meter Longitudinal Profile Comparison 5.75 5.70 • ,. 20 Cll 5.55 •• Q) W 5.50 •• • , 5.45 . 5.40 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Longitudinal Distance Down Stream (m) C Figure 16. Comparison of LiDAR and Field Longitudinal Profiles (5, 10, 20 meters). Longitudinal profiles of a) 5 meter, b) 10 meter, and c) 20 meter cross section elevations. 41 Slope Comparisons Slope in this study is calculated as the dimensionless ratio of rise over run. As noted in the Methods section, slopes were calculated over three different horizontal intervals to test the sensitivity of the LiDAR's internal relative accuracy. Differences in Sm LiDAR and field-based slopes derived from cross sections reveal substantial scatter (Figure l7a), although they clearly covary. Ten meter interval slopes show a stronger relationship (Figure 17b), while slopes based on cross sections spaced 20 m apart have the strongest relationship (Figure l7c). The slope associated with regression of field and LiDAR elevation data is not approximately 1 as one might expect. This is because LiDAR elevations are higher than field elevations at the upstream end of the reach, and lower at the downstream end. 42 5m Slope Comparison -c: ~ -0:: Q) (/l ~ ~.01 Q) C. .2 en 0:: « 0 ::i A -c: ~ 0:: --Q) (/l i2 -0.01 Q) C. 0 en 0:: « 0 ::i B 0.004 = 0.58x - 0.001 R2 = 0.38 ~.008 -0.008 Field Slope (Rise/Run) 10 meter Slope Comparison 0.004 y = 0.63x - 0.001 R2 = 0.51 -0.008 -0.008 Field Slope (Rise/Run) 20 meter Slope Comparison • 0.004 0.002 0.004 C :::l -0:: Q) (/l i2 ~.01 -Q) c. o Ci5 0:: « o~ 0.004 =0.66x - 0.001 R2 = 0.80 ~.008 ~.006 -0.008 Field Slope (Rise/Run) 0.002 0.004 C Figure 17. Regression of Field and LiDAR Based Slopes (5,10,20 meters). Scatter plots showing comparisons between slope values calculated at distance intervals of a) 5 meters, b) 10 meters, and c) 20 meters. 43 Figure 18 shows how the range of differences between LiDAR and field-based water surface slopes decrease as longitudinal distance increases. Five meter slope differences ranged between -0.004 and 0.004 (Figure 18a). Ten meter slope differences ranged between -0.002 and 0.003 (Figure 18b). Twenty meter slope differences ranged between 0 and 0.002 (Figure 18c). 44 Differences of Slope at 5m Between Field and LiDAR 10 » 8 0c Ql 6 :J 0" 4 .Q..l u. 2 0 SIll>< SIl"> SIll\- ~<::J <;:><::J <;:><::J SIl" ~ SIl" SIll\- SIl"> SIll>< ~/l, r;:,<::J ~'::; ~'::; ~'::; ~'::; ~o Slope Difference (Field-LiDAR) A Differences of Slope at 10m Between Field and L1DAR 7 6 ~ 5 lii 4 :J 0" 3 ~ u. 2 1 o +---+--~--;..J SIll>< ~<::J Slope Difference (Field-LiDAR) B Differences of Slope at 20m Between Field and LiDAR 4 ~~I\- ~~" ~ ~~" ~~I\- ~~"> ~~I>< o"/l, <;:>.~. ~.~.~.~. ~ Slope Difference (Field-LiDAR) o +---+--+--+--t- SIll>< SIl"> <;:><::J <;:><::J ~ 3 c Ql :J 2 0" ~ U. C Figure 18. Differences Between LiDAR and Field Based Slopes (5, 10,20 meters). Histogram charts showing difference values between field and LiDAR derived slopes at a) 5 meter slope distances, b) 10 meter slope distances, and c) 20 meter slope distances. 45 The mean difference between slopes decreases from 0.0017 to 0.0007 as slope distance interval is increased. Maximum slope difference and standard deviation of offsets decrease from 0.001 to 0.0005 and 0.0047 to 0.0014 respectively. Regression analysis of these data show a significant relationship for all three comparisons, and adjusted R2 increased from 0.357 to 0.763 with slope distance interval (Table 3). Table 3. Results of LiDAR and Field Slope Comparison (5, 10,20 meters). Descriptive and regression statistics for offsets between field and LiDAR derived slope values (Field minus LiDAR). Slope values are dimensionless rise / run. All data is significant at 0.01. Distance Interval 5m 10m 20m Mean 0.0017 0.0012 0.0007 Standard Deviation 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005 Range of Difference 0.0080 0.0047 0.0024 Minimum difference 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 Maximum difference 0.0047 0.0026 0.0015 Count 36 16 8 Adjusted R squared 0.36 0.47 0.76 Water surface slope for the entire length of Reach 1 (l59.32m) was compared and yielded a difference of 0.0005. This difference is smaller (by 0.0002) than the difference between 20 meter slope (Table 4). Slope was calculated by differencing the most upstream and downstream cross sections and dividing by total length of reach. Differences between LiDAR and field-based slopes may represent real change due to the five day lag between data sets and difference in discharge. 46 Table 4. Results of Reach 1 Slope Comparison. Comparison of slopes calculated using the farthest upstream and downstream cross section elevation values. Slope values have dimensionless units stemming from rise over run. Upper Lower Reach Elevation (m) Elevation (m) Len2th (m) Slope Field 5.652 5.491 159.32 -0.0010 LiDAR 5.697 5.455 159.32 -0.0015 Surface Roughness Analysis Water surface condition was characterized as smooth or rough based on 2006 aerial photography (Figure 19). Surface roughness was examined to understand its effect on LiDAR data within the active channel, as well as LiDAR's ability to potentially capture difference in water surface turbulence. Table 5 shows statistics with relation to water surface condition for all three reaches. 47 Figure 19. Relationship of Water Surfaces to LiDAR Point Density. 2006 aerial photos were used to delineate rough and smooth water surfaces. Image on left shows a transition between rough water surface (seen as white water) and smooth water surface (seen as upstream pool). Image on right shows LiDAR point density in points per square meter. In all reaches point density, variance of elevations, and water surface slopes were significantly higher in rough surface conditions. These results indicate that LiDAR point density is directly related to the roughness of a water surface and that is capturing the rough water characteristics one would expect in areas where turbulence generates surface waves. 48 Table 5. Water Surface Roughness Results for Reach 1,2, and 3. Water surface statistical output for rough and smooth water surface of Reaches 1, 2, and 3. Results within table represent average values for each Reach. Slope values have dimensionless units from rise over run equation derived from ESRI generated slope grid. Point density values based on points/m2 • Elevation variance in meters. Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Rou~h water No. of Sample Points 153 1981 1968 Avg Slope -0.013 -0.011 -0.007 Point Density (pts/mL ) 1.195 1.002 1.217 Elevation Variance (m) 0.003 0.018 0.041 Smooth water No. of Sample Points 290 1474 1378 Avg Slope 0.0075 -0.0006 -0.0033 Point Density (pts/mL ) 0.149 0.550 0.480 Elevation Variance (m) 0.001 0.0077 0.024 Within Reach 1, cross section elevations were separated into rough and smooth water conditions and slopes were calculated using field and LiDAR data sets (Table 6). Again, results showed that rough water surfaces have greater slopes than smooth water surfaces. The smooth water surface of Reach 1 yielded a larger discrepancy between field and LiDAR derived slopes compared to rough water surface. This is because small differences between LiDAR and field elevations generate larger proportional error in the rise / run equation when total elevation differences between upstream and downstream are small. 49 Table 6. Results of Reach 1 Water Surface Roughness Comparison. Reach 1 water surface roughness slope analysis. Reach 1 was divided into smooth and rough water surfaces based upon visual characteristics present in aerial photography. Slopes were calculated for each area and compared with field data to examine accuracy. Surface Reach Upper Lower Slope Type Lenl!th (m) Elevation (m) Elevation (m) Slope Difference Field Smooth 83.11 5.652 5.642 -0.0001 N/A LiDAR Smooth 83.11 5.697 5.612 -0.0010 0.0009 Field Rough 71.73 5.635 5.491 -0.0020 N/A LiDAR Rough 71.73 5.592 5.455 -0.0019 -0.0001 Prior to collections of the 2007 data, Reach 3 contained the former Marmot Dam that was dismantled on October 19th , 2007 (Figure 20). The areas at and directly below the dam are rough water surfaces. The super critical flow at the dam yielded a slope of - 0.896 (Table 7). The run below the dam contained low slope values of less than -0.002. Both the dam fall and adjacent run yielded high point densities of greater than 2 points per square meter. 50 Cross Sections o Cross Section Sample Locations L1DAR derived Slope Model Value Higll 178814133 25 50 75 100 125 150 ~.',eters I I I I I I La,·, 0003936 Figure 20. Marmot Dam: Orthophotography and Colorized Slope Model. Mannot Dam at far upstream portion of Reach 3. Image on left shows dam site in 2006 orthophotography. Image on right shows the increase in slope associated with the dam. Marmot Dam was removed Oct. 19th , 2007. Table 7. Subset of Reach 3 Water Surface Roughness Analysis Near Marmot Dam. Subset of Reach 3 immediately surrounding Marmot Dam roughness analysis containing values for Mannot Dam. The roughness results fell within expectations showing increases in slope at the dam fall and high point densities at the dam fall and immediate down stream run. Habitat Type Avg Slope Point Density Point Density Variance Dam Fall -0.896 2.284 1.003 Dam Run -0.001 2.085 5.320 51 CHAPTER VI DISCUSSION The elevation analysis portion of this study shows that LiDAR can provide water surface profiles and slopes that are comparable to field-based data. The differences between LiDAR and field based measurements can be attributed to three potential sources. The first is the relative accuracy of the LiDAR data which has been reported between O.05m and O.06m by the vendor. The second source can be associated with the accuracy of field based measurements which are similar to the relative accuracy of the LiDAR (O.03m-O.05m). Lastly, the discharge differed between field data collection and LiDAR collection by O.02cms. It is possible that much of the O.05m difference observed through most of the Reach 1 profile (Figure 16) could be attributed to the difference in discharge and changes in bed configuration, but without further evidence, the degree of difference due to error or real change cannot be identified. Even if one attributes all the difference to error in LiDAR measurements, the overall correspondence ofLiDAR and field measurement (Figure 15 and 16) indicates that LiDAR-based surveys are useful for many hydrologic applications. 52 In the upper portion of the reach, the profiles display LiDAR elevations that are higher than the field data elevations, whereas the reverse is true at the base of the reach. This could be a function of difference in discharge between datasets, change in bed configuration, or an artifact of low point density. Low density of points forces greater lengths of interpolation between LiDAR points leading to a coarse DEM (Figure 21). Overall, the analysis Reach 1 profile indicates that LiDAR was able to match the fieldbased elevation measurements within ±O.05m. 53 Rough & Smooth Wa~t:e:-r~S~u=rf;:a~c:e:s~rz~~J,;~~ Grid Interpolation in Low Point Density Figure 21. LiDAR Point Density versus Interpolation. Side by side image showing long lines of interpolation associated with smooth water surfaces (right image). Smooth water surfaces tend to have low LiDAR point density. The image on the right shows a hillshade ofthe LiDAR DEM. The DEM has been visualized using a 2 standard deviation stretch to highlight long lines of interpolation. The comparability of LiDAR and field-based slopes showed a significant trend with increasing downstream distances between cross sections. Adjusted R2 values increased from 0.36 to 0.76 and the range of difference between field and LiDAR based slopes decreased from 0.0047 to 0.00 14 as longitudinal distance increased from 5 to 20- 54 m. This suggests that the 0.05m of expected variation of LiDAR derived water surface elevation has less effect on water surface slope accuracy as distance between elevation measurements points increases. Likewise, slopes accuracies along rivers with low gradients will improve as the longitudinal distance between elevation points increases. Overall, data has shown that LiDAR can measure water surface slopes with mean difference relative to field measurements of 0.017, 0.012, and 0.007 at horizontal distances of 5, 10, and 20 meters respectively. Although the discrepancy between field and LiDAR-based slopes is greatest at 5-m intervals, the overall slopes (Fig 17) and longitudinal profiles (Fig 16) even at this distance generally correspond. The use of a 5m interval water surface slope as a basis for comparison is really a worst case example, as water surface slopes are usually measured over longer reach scale distances where the discrepancy between LiDAR and field-based measurements is lower. The continuous channel coverage and accuracies derived from LiDAR represent a new level of accuracy and precision in terms of spatial extent and resolution of water surface slope measurements. Analysis of surface roughness found that rough water surfaces had significantly higher point densities than smooth water surfaces. Rough water surfaces averaged at least 1 point/m2 , while smooth water surfaces averaged less than 1 point/2m2 • Longitudinal profiles of Reach 1 indicate the most accurate water surface measurements occur in areas of higher point density (Fig. 16). Future applications that attempt to use 55 LiDAR to measure water surface slope ought to sample DEM elevations from high point density areas of channel. Water surface analysis also showed trends relating water surface roughness and slope. Rough water surfaces for all three analysis reaches averaged larger average slope values than smooth water surfaces. This is because rough water surfaces are commonly associated with steps, riffles, and rapids. All three of these habitat types are areas have higher slopes than smooth water habitats. Smooth water surfaces are commonly associated with pools or glides, which would be areas of lower slope. Future research should examine the potential for using LiDAR to characterize stream habitats based on in-stream point density and slope. This study is not without its limitations. The field area used to test the accuracy of LiDAR is only representative of a small portion of the Sandy River. Comparisons of field and LiDAR data would be improved by having mid-channel field data. One might also question the use of field based water surface slopes as control for measuring "accuracy". Water surface slope is difficult to measure for reasons stated earlier in this paper. One might make the argument that there is no real way to truly measure LiDAR accuracy of water surface slope, and that LiDAR and field based measurements are simply comparable. In this context, LiDAR holds an advantage over field based measurements given its ability to measure large sections of river in a single day. LiDAR has a distinct advantage over traditional methods of measurement in that measurements are returned from the water surface, and consequently not subject to errors 56 associated with variability of surface turbulence piling up against the measuring device. LiDAR can also capture long stretches of channel within a few seconds reducing the influence of changes in discharge. LiDAR data in general does have its limitations. LiDAR data are only as accurate as the instrumentation and vendor capabilities. LiDAR must be corrected for calibrations and GPS drift to create a reliable data set, and not all LiDAR vendors produce the same level of quality. LiDAR data may be more accurate in some river reaches than others. The study reaches of this study contained well defined open channels, which made identifying LiDAR returns off the water surface possible. Both LiDAR data sets were collected at low flows. Flows that are too low or channels that are too narrow may limit ability to extract water surface elevations because of protruding boulders or dense vegetation that hinders accurate measurements. In some cases vegetation within and adjacent to the channel may interfere with LiDAR's ability to reach the water surface. Researchers should consider flow, channel morphology, and biota when obtaining water surface slopes from LiDAR. 57 CHAPTER VII CONCLUSION This paper examined the ability of LiDAR data to accurately measure water surface slopes. This study has shown that LiDAR data provides sufficiently accurate elevation measurements within the active channel to accurately measure water surface slopes. Measurement of water surface slope with LiDAR provides researchers a tool which is both more efficient and cost effective in comparison with traditional field-based survey methods. Additionally, analysis showed that LiDAR point density is significantly higher in rough surface conditions. Water surface elevations should be gathered from high point density areas as low point density may hinder elevation accuracy. Channel morphology, gradient, flow, and biota should be considered when extracting water surface slopes as these attributes influence water surface measurement. Further study should examine accuracy of LiDAR derived water surface slopes in channel morphologies other than those in this study. Overall, the recognition that LiDAR can accurately measure water surface slopes allows researchers an unprecedented ability to study hydraulic processes for large stretches of river. Common: APPENDIX ARCGIS VBA SCRIPT CODE 58 Public g---.pStrmLayer As ILayer ' stream centerline layer selected by user (for step 1) Public g_StrearnLength As Double ' stream centerline length (for step 1) Public g_InputDistance As Integer 'As Double 'distance entered by user (for step 1) Public g_NumSegments As Integer I number of sample points entered by user (for step 1) Public gyPointLayer As ILayer I point layer created from stream centerline (for step 1) Public g]ntShpF1Name As String I point layer pathname (for step 1) Public gyMouseCursor As IMouseCursor 'mouse cursor Public g_LinearConverson As Double I linear conversion factor Public gyDEMLayer As IRasterLayer I DEM layer (for steps 3 and 4) Public g_DEMConvertUnits As Double I DEM vertical units conversion factor (for steps 3 and 4) Public g_MaxSearchDistance As Double 'maximum search distance (for step 4) Public L NumDirections As Integer I number of directions to search in (for step 4) Public g_SampleDistance As Double 'sample distance (for step 5) Public g_SampleNumber As Double ' total sample points (for step 5) Public g_VegBeginPoint As Boolean I where to start the calucaltion (for step 5) Public g_VegCaclMethod As Boolean 'which method for Vegetation Calculation (for step 5) Public gyContribLayer As ILayer ' contributing point layer (for step 6) Public gyReceivLayer As ILayer 'receiving point layer (for step 6) Public gyOutputLayerName As String I output shapefile (for step 6) Function VerifyField(fLayer As ILayer, fldName As String) As Boolean I verify that topo fields are in the stream centerline point layer Dim pFields As IFields Dim pField As IField Dim pFeatLayer As IFeatureLayer Dim pFeatClass As IFeatureClass Set pFeatLayer = fLayer Set pFeatClass = pFeatLayer.FeatureClass Set pFields = pFeatClass.Fields For i = 0 To pFields.FieldCount - 1 Set pField = pFields.Field(i) 'MsgBox pField.Name IfpField.Name = fldName Then VerifyField = True Exit Function End If Next VerifyField = False End Function Function Ca1cPointLatLong(inPnt As IPoint, inLayer As ILayer) As IPoint , in point layer Dim pFLayer As IFeatureLayer Set pFLayer = inLayer , spatial reference environment Dim pInSpatialRef As ISpatialReference Dim pOutSpatialRef As ISpatialReference Dim pGeoTrans As IGeoTransformation Dim pInGeoDataset As IGeoDataset Set pInGeoDataset = pFLayer Dim pSpatRefFact As ISpatialReferenceFactory , get map units of shapefile spatial reference Dim pPCS As IProjectedCoordinateSystem Set pPCS = pInGeoDataset.SpatialReference 'set spatial reference environment Set pSpatRefFact = New SpatialReferenceEnvironment Set pInSpatialRef= pInGeoDataset.SpatialReference 'MsgBox pInSpatialRef.Name Set pOutSpatialRef= pSpatRefFact.CreateGeographicCoordinateSystem(esriSRGeoCS_WGS1984) Set pGeoTrans = pSpatRefFact.CreateGeoTransformation(esriSRGeoTransformation_NADI983_To_WGS1984_1) Dim pOutGeom As IGeometry2 Set Ca1cPointLatLong = New Point Set CalcPointLatLong.SpatialReference = pInSpatialRef Ca1cPointLatLong.PutCoords inPnt.X, inPnt.Y Set pOutGeom = Ca1cPointLatLong pOutGeom.ProjectEx pOutSpatialRef, esriTransformForward, pGeoTrans, 0, 0, ° 'MsgBox inPnt.X &" "& inPnt.Y & vbCrLf& Ca1cPointLatLong.X &" "& Ca1cPointLatLong.Y End Function Sub OpenGxDialogO Dim pGxdial As IGxDialog Set pGxdial = New GxDialog pGxdial.ButtonCaption = "OK" pGxdial.Title = "Create Stream Centerline Point Shapefile" pGxdial.RememberLocation = True Dim pShapeFileObj As IGxObject Dim pGxFilter As IGxObjectFilter Set pGxFilter = New GxFilterShapefiles 'e.g shp Set pGxdial.ObjectFilter = pGxFilter If pGxdial.DoModaISave(ThisDocument.Parent.hWnd) Then Dim pLocation As IGxFile Dim fn As String 59 Set pLocation = pGxdial.FinalLocation fn = pGxdial.Name End If If Not pLocation Is Nothing Then LPntShpFlName = pLocation.Path & "\" & fn frmlB.tbxShpFileName.Text = g]ntShpFlName frmlB.cmdOK.Enabled = True End If End Sub Function GetAngle(pPolyline As IPolyline, dAlong As Double) As Double Dim pi As Double pi = 4 * Atn(l) Dim dAngle As Double Dim pLine As ILine Set pLine = New Line pPolyline.QueryTangent esriNoExtension, dAlong, False, 1, pLine , convert from radians to degrees dAngle = (180 * pLine.Angle) / pi I adjust angles , ESRI defines 0 degrees as the positive X-axis, increasing counter-clockwise I Ecology references 0 degrees as North, increasing clockwise If dAngle <= 90 Then GetAngle = 90 - dAngle Else GetAngle = 360 - (dAngle - 90) End If End Function Function FeatureExists(strFeatureFileName As String) As Boolean On Error GoTo ErrHandler: Dim pWSF As IWorkspaceFactory Set pWSF = New ShapefileWorkspaceFactory Dim pFeatWS As IFeatureWorksiJace Dim pFeatDS As IFeatureClass Dim strWorkspace As String Dim strFeatDS As String strWorkspace = SplitWorkspaceName(strFeatureFileName) & "\" strFeatDS = SplitFileName(strFeatureFileName) If PWSF.IsWorkspace(strWorkspace) Then Set pFeatWS = pWSF.OpenFromFile(strWorkspace, 0) Set pFeatDS = pFeatWS.OpenFeatureClass(strFeatDS) End If 60 FeatureExists = (Not pFeatDS Is Nothing) Set pWSF =Nothing Set pFeatWS = Nothing Set pFeatDS = Nothing Exit Function ErrHandler: FeatureExists = False End Function 'Returns a Workspace given for example C: \temp\dataset returns C:\temp Function SplitWorkspaceName(sWholeName As String) As String On Error GoTo ERH Dim pos As Integer pos = InStrRev(sWholeName, "\") If pos > 0 Then SplitWorkspaceName = Mid(sWholeName, 1, pos - 1) Else Exit Function End If Exit Function ERH: MsgBox "Workspace Split" & Err.Description End Function 'Returns a filename given for example C:\temp\dataset returns dataset Function SplitFileName(sWholeName As String) As String On Error GoTo ERH Dim pos As Integer Dim sT, sName As String pos = InStrRev(sWholeName, "\") Ifpos > 0 Then sT = Mid(sWholeName, 1, pos - 1) Ifpos = Len(sWholeName) Then Exit Function End If sName = Mid(sWholeName, pos + 1, Len(sWholeName) - Len(sT)) pos = InStr(sName, ".") If pos > 0 Then SplitFileName = Mid(sName, 1, pos - 1) Else SplitFileName = sName End If End If Exit Function ERH: 61 • MsgBox "Workspace Split:" & Err.Description End Function Public Sub BusyMouse(bolBusy As Boolean) 'Subroutine to change mouse cursor If g---'pMouseCursor Is Nothing Then Set g---'pMouseCursor = New MouseCursor End If IfbolBusy Then g---'pMouseCursor.SetCursor 2 Else g---'pMouseCursor.SetCursor 0 End If End Sub Function MakeColor(lRGB As Long) As IRgbColor Set MakeColor =New RgbColor MakeColor.RGB = lRGB End Function Function MakeDecoElement(pMarkerSym As IMarkerSymbol, _ dPos As Double)_ As ISimpleLineDecorationElement Set MakeDecoElement

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