[求组]db2中的with ... as (...) 在mssql中应该如何表示

dunerunner 2014-07-09 09:04:08
如题
在db2中

WITH tmp (xxx, xxx, ...) AS (
SELECT ... FROM ...
)
SELECT * FROM tmp;

这种用法在mssql中应该怎么做?
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专注or全面 2014-07-09
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引用 3 楼 dunerunner 的回复:
[quote=引用 1 楼 x_wy46 的回复:]


create table #temp
(
	id int,
	name varchar(20)
)

insert into #temp values (1,'AAA')
insert into #temp values (1,'BBB')
insert into #temp values (1,'CCC')


with cte
as
(
	select id ,name from #temp
)

select * from cte

id          name
----------- --------------------
1           AAA
1           BBB
1           CCC

(3 行受影响)


这个搞完了,是不是得drop table #temp ???[/quote] drop不drop都行 关闭当前查询分析器临时表会自动被删除
dunerunner 2014-07-09
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引用 1 楼 x_wy46 的回复:


create table #temp
(
	id int,
	name varchar(20)
)

insert into #temp values (1,'AAA')
insert into #temp values (1,'BBB')
insert into #temp values (1,'CCC')


with cte
as
(
	select id ,name from #temp
)

select * from cte

id          name
----------- --------------------
1           AAA
1           BBB
1           CCC

(3 行受影响)


这个搞完了,是不是得drop table #temp ???
dunerunner 2014-07-09
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这个搞完了,是不是得drop table #temp ???
专注or全面 2014-07-09
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create table #temp
(
	id int,
	name varchar(20)
)

insert into #temp values (1,'AAA')
insert into #temp values (1,'BBB')
insert into #temp values (1,'CCC')


with cte
as
(
	select id ,name from #temp
)

select * from cte

id          name
----------- --------------------
1           AAA
1           BBB
1           CCC

(3 行受影响)


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The alternate is to use the ; cgi.force_redirect configuration below ; http://php.net/doc-root doc_root = ; The directory under which PHP opens the script using /~username used only ; if nonempty. ; http://php.net/user-dir user_dir = ; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside. ; http://php.net/extension-dir ; extension_dir = "./" ; On windows: ; extension_dir = "ext" ; Whether or not to enable the dl() function. The dl() function does NOT work ; properly in multithreaded servers, such as IIS or Zeus, and is automatically ; disabled on them. ; http://php.net/enable-dl enable_dl = Off ; cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as a CGI under ; most web servers. Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default. You can ; turn it off here AT YOUR OWN RISK ; **You CAN safely turn this off for IIS, in fact, you MUST.** ; http://php.net/cgi.force-redirect ;cgi.force_redirect = 1 ; if cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with ; every request. PHP's default behavior is to disable this feature. ;cgi.nph = 1 ; if cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape ; (iPlanet) web servers, you MAY need to set an environment variable name that PHP ; will look for to know it is OK to continue execution. Setting this variable MAY ; cause security issues, KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING FIRST. ; http://php.net/cgi.redirect-status-env ;cgi.redirect_status_env = ; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. PHP's ; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok ; what PATH_INFO is. For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs. Setting ; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting ; of zero causes PHP to behave as before. Default is 1. You should fix your scripts ; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED. ; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo ;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 ; FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate ; security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the ; security context that the request runs under. mod_fastcgi under Apache ; does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002) ; Set to 1 if running under IIS. Default is zero. ; http://php.net/fastcgi.impersonate ;fastcgi.impersonate = 1 ; Disable logging through FastCGI connection. PHP's default behavior is to enable ; this feature. ;fastcgi.logging = 0 ; cgi.rfc2616_headers configuration option tells PHP what type of headers to ; use when sending HTTP response code. If it's set 0 PHP sends Status: header that ; is supported by Apache. When this option is set to 1 PHP will send ; RFC2616 compliant header. ; Default is zero. ; http://php.net/cgi.rfc2616-headers ;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; File Uploads ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads. ; http://php.net/file-uploads file_uploads = On ; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not ; specified). ; http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir ;upload_tmp_dir = ; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files. ; http://php.net/upload-max-filesize upload_max_filesize = 2M ; Maximum number of files that can be uploaded via a single request max_file_uploads = 20 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Fopen wrappers ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow the treatment of URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files. ; http://php.net/allow-url-fopen allow_url_fopen = On ; Whether to allow include/require to open URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files. ; http://php.net/allow-url-include allow_url_include = Off ; Define the anonymous ftp password (your email address). PHP's default setting ; for this is empty. ; http://php.net/from ;from="john@doe.com" ; Define the User-Agent string. PHP's default setting for this is empty. ; http://php.net/user-agent ;user_agent="PHP" ; Default timeout for socket based streams (seconds) ; http://php.net/default-socket-timeout default_socket_timeout = 60 ; If your scripts have to deal with files from Macintosh systems, ; or you are running on a Mac and need to deal with files from ; unix or win32 systems, setting this flag will cause PHP to ; automatically detect the EOL character in those files so that ; fgets() and file() will work regardless of the source of the file. ; http://php.net/auto-detect-line-endings ;auto_detect_line_endings = Off ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Dynamic Extensions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; If you wish to have an extension loaded automatically, use the following ; syntax: ; ; extension=modulename.extension ; ; For example, on Windows: ; ; extension=msql.dll ; ; ... or under UNIX: ; ; extension=msql.so ; ; ... or with a path: ; ; extension=/path/to/extension/msql.so ; ; If you only provide the name of the extension, PHP will look for it in its ; default extension directory. ; ; Windows Extensions ; Note that ODBC support is built in, so no dll is needed for it. ; Note that many DLL files are located in the extensions/ (PHP 4) ext/ (PHP 5) ; extension folders as well as the separate PECL DLL download (PHP 5). ; Be sure to appropriately set the extension_dir directive. ; ;extension=php_bz2.dll ;extension=php_curl.dll ;extension=php_fileinfo.dll ;extension=php_gd2.dll ;extension=php_gettext.dll ;extension=php_gmp.dll ;extension=php_intl.dll ;extension=php_imap.dll ;extension=php_interbase.dll ;extension=php_ldap.dll ;extension=php_mbstring.dll ;extension=php_exif.dll ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it ;extension=php_mysql.dll ;extension=php_mysqli.dll ;extension=php_oci8.dll ; Use with Oracle 10gR2 Instant Client ;extension=php_oci8_11g.dll ; Use with Oracle 11gR2 Instant Client ;extension=php_openssl.dll ;extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll ;extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll ;extension=php_pdo_oci.dll ;extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll ;extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll ;extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll ;extension=php_pgsql.dll ;extension=php_pspell.dll ;extension=php_shmop.dll ; The MIBS data available in the PHP distribution must be installed. ; See http://www.php.net/manual/en/snmp.installation.php ;extension=php_snmp.dll ;extension=php_soap.dll ;extension=php_sockets.dll ;extension=php_sqlite3.dll ;extension=php_sybase_ct.dll ;extension=php_tidy.dll ;extension=php_xmlrpc.dll ;extension=php_xsl.dll ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Module Settings ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [CLI Server] ; Whether the CLI web server uses ANSI color coding in its terminal output. cli_server.color = On [Date] ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions ; http://php.net/date.timezone ;date.timezone = ; http://php.net/date.default-latitude ;date.default_latitude = 31.7667 ; http://php.net/date.default-longitude ;date.default_longitude = 35.2333 ; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith ;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333 ; http://php.net/date.sunset-zenith ;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333 [filter] ; http://php.net/filter.default ;filter.default = unsafe_raw ; http://php.net/filter.default-flags ;filter.default_flags = [iconv] ;iconv.input_encoding = ISO-8859-1 ;iconv.internal_encoding = ISO-8859-1 ;iconv.output_encoding = ISO-8859-1 [intl] ;intl.default_locale = ; This directive allows you to produce PHP errors when some error ; happens within intl functions. The value is the level of the error produced. ; Default is 0, which does not produce any errors. ;intl.error_level = E_WARNING [sqlite] ; http://php.net/sqlite.assoc-case ;sqlite.assoc_case = 0 [sqlite3] ;sqlite3.extension_dir = [Pcre] ;PCRE library backtracking limit. ; http://php.net/pcre.backtrack-limit ;pcre.backtrack_limit=100000 ;PCRE library recursion limit. ;Please note that if you set this value to a high number you may consume all ;the available process stack and eventually crash PHP (due to reaching the ;stack size limit imposed by the Operating System). ; http://php.net/pcre.recursion-limit ;pcre.recursion_limit=100000 [Pdo] ; Whether to pool ODBC connections. Can be one of "strict", "relaxed" or "off" ; http://php.net/pdo-odbc.connection-pooling ;pdo_odbc.connection_pooling=strict ;pdo_odbc.db2_instance_name [Pdo_mysql] ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.cache_size pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.default-socket pdo_mysql.default_socket= [Phar] ; http://php.net/phar.readonly ;phar.readonly = On ; http://php.net/phar.require-hash ;phar.require_hash = On ;phar.cache_list = [mail function] ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/smtp SMTP = localhost ; http://php.net/smtp-port smtp_port = 25 ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/sendmail-from ;sendmail_from = me@example.com ; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i"). ; http://php.net/sendmail-path ;sendmail_path = ; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters ; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of ; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode. ;mail.force_extra_parameters = ; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename mail.add_x_header = On ; The path to a log file that will log all mail() calls. Log entries include ; the full path of the script, line number, To address and headers. ;mail.log = ; Log mail to syslog (Event Log on Windows). ;mail.log = syslog [SQL] ; http://php.net/sql.safe-mode sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] ; http://php.net/odbc.default-db ;odbc.default_db = Not yet implemented ; http://php.net/odbc.default-user ;odbc.default_user = Not yet implemented ; http://php.net/odbc.default-pw ;odbc.default_pw = Not yet implemented ; Controls the ODBC cursor model. ; Default: SQL_CURSOR_STATIC (default). ;odbc.default_cursortype ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/odbc.allow-persistent odbc.allow_persistent = On ; Check that a connection is still valid before reuse. ; http://php.net/odbc.check-persistent odbc.check_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/odbc.max-persistent odbc.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/odbc.max-links odbc.max_links = -1 ; Handling of LONG fields. Returns number of bytes to variables. 0 means ; passthru. ; http://php.net/odbc.defaultlrl odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 ; Handling of binary data. 0 means passthru, 1 return as is, 2 convert to char. ; See the documentation on odbc_binmode and odbc_longreadlen for an explanation ; of odbc.defaultlrl and odbc.defaultbinmode ; http://php.net/odbc.defaultbinmode odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 ;birdstep.max_links = -1 [Interbase] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ibase.allow_persistent = 1 ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ibase.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ibase.max_links = -1 ; Default database name for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_db = ; Default username for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_user = ; Default password for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_password = ; Default charset for ibase_connect(). ;ibase.default_charset = ; Default timestamp format. ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ; Default date format. ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d" ; Default time format. ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S" [MySQL] ; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements ; http://php.net/mysql.allow_local_infile mysql.allow_local_infile = On ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/mysql.allow-persistent mysql.allow_persistent = On ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/mysql.cache_size mysql.cache_size = 2000 ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysql.max-persistent mysql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysql.max-links mysql.max_links = -1 ; Default port number for mysql_connect(). If unset, mysql_connect() will use ; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the ; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look ; at MYSQL_PORT. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-port mysql.default_port = ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-socket mysql.default_socket = ; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysql.default-host mysql.default_host = ; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysql.default-user mysql.default_user = ; Default password for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file. ; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysql.default_password") ; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this ; file will be able to reveal the password as well. ; http://php.net/mysql.default-password mysql.default_password = ; Maximum time (in seconds) for connect timeout. -1 means no limit ; http://php.net/mysql.connect-timeout mysql.connect_timeout = 60 ; Trace mode. When trace_mode is active (=On), warnings for table/index scans and ; SQL-Errors will be displayed. ; http://php.net/mysql.trace-mode mysql.trace_mode = Off [MySQLi] ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysqli.max-persistent mysqli.max_persistent = -1 ; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements ; http://php.net/mysqli.allow_local_infile ;mysqli.allow_local_infile = On ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/mysqli.allow-persistent mysqli.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/mysqli.max-links mysqli.max_links = -1 ; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache ; http://php.net/mysqli.cache_size mysqli.cache_size = 2000 ; Default port number for mysqli_connect(). If unset, mysqli_connect() will use ; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the ; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look ; at MYSQL_PORT. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-port mysqli.default_port = 3306 ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in ; MySQL defaults. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-socket mysqli.default_socket = ; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-host mysqli.default_host = ; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-user mysqli.default_user = ; Default password for mysqli_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode). ; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file. ; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysqli.default_pw") ; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this ; file will be able to reveal the password as well. ; http://php.net/mysqli.default-pw mysqli.default_pw = ; Allow or prevent reconnect mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] ; Enable / Disable collection of general statistics by mysqlnd which can be ; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_statistics mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On ; Enable / Disable collection of memory usage statistics by mysqlnd which can be ; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On ; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used when sending commands to MySQL in bytes. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size ;mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size = 2048 ; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used for reading data sent by the server in ; bytes. ; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size ;mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size = 32768 [OCI8] ; Connection: Enables privileged connections using external ; credentials (OCI_SYSOPER, OCI_SYSDBA) ; http://php.net/oci8.privileged-connect ;oci8.privileged_connect = Off ; Connection: The maximum number of persistent OCI8 connections per ; process. Using -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/oci8.max-persistent ;oci8.max_persistent = -1 ; Connection: The maximum number of seconds a process is allowed to ; maintain an idle persistent connection. Using -1 means idle ; persistent connections will be maintained forever. ; http://php.net/oci8.persistent-timeout ;oci8.persistent_timeout = -1 ; Connection: The number of seconds that must pass before issuing a ; ping during oci_pconnect() to check the connection validity. When ; set to 0, each oci_pconnect() will cause a ping. Using -1 disables ; pings completely. ; http://php.net/oci8.ping-interval ;oci8.ping_interval = 60 ; Connection: Set this to a user chosen connection class to be used ; for all pooled server requests with Oracle 11g Database Resident ; Connection Pooling (DRCP). To use DRCP, this value should be set to ; the same string for all web servers running the same application, ; the database pool must be configured, and the connection string must ; specify to use a pooled server. ;oci8.connection_class = ; High Availability: Using On lets PHP receive Fast Application ; Notification (FAN) events generated when a database node fails. The ; database must also be configured to post FAN events. ;oci8.events = Off ; Tuning: This option enables statement caching, and specifies how ; many statements to cache. Using 0 disables statement caching. ; http://php.net/oci8.statement-cache-size ;oci8.statement_cache_size = 20 ; Tuning: Enables statement prefetching and sets the default number of ; rows that will be fetched automatically after statement execution. ; http://php.net/oci8.default-prefetch ;oci8.default_prefetch = 100 ; Compatibility. Using On means oci_close() will not close ; oci_connect() and oci_new_connect() connections. ; http://php.net/oci8.old-oci-close-semantics ;oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off [PostgreSQL] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/pgsql.allow-persistent pgsql.allow_persistent = On ; Detect broken persistent links always with pg_pconnect(). ; Auto reset feature requires a little overheads. ; http://php.net/pgsql.auto-reset-persistent pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/pgsql.max-persistent pgsql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/pgsql.max-links pgsql.max_links = -1 ; Ignore PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not. ; Notice message logging require a little overheads. ; http://php.net/pgsql.ignore-notice pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 ; Log PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not. ; Unless pgsql.ignore_notice=0, module cannot log notice message. ; http://php.net/pgsql.log-notice pgsql.log_notice = 0 [Sybase-CT] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. ; http://php.net/sybct.allow-persistent sybct.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/sybct.max-persistent sybct.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit. ; http://php.net/sybct.max-links sybct.max_links = -1 ; Minimum server message severity to display. ; http://php.net/sybct.min-server-severity sybct.min_server_severity = 10 ; Minimum client message severity to display. ; http://php.net/sybct.min-client-severity sybct.min_client_severity = 10 ; Set per-context timeout ; http://php.net/sybct.timeout ;sybct.timeout= ;sybct.packet_size ; The maximum time in seconds to wait for a connection attempt to succeed before returning failure. ; Default: one minute ;sybct.login_timeout= ; The name of the host you claim to be connecting from, for display by sp_who. ; Default: none ;sybct.hostname= ; Allows you to define how often deadlocks are to be retried. -1 means "forever". ; Default: 0 ;sybct.deadlock_retry_count= [bcmath] ; Number of decimal digits for all bcmath functions. ; http://php.net/bcmath.scale bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] ; http://php.net/browscap ;browscap = extra/browscap.ini [Session] ; Handler used to store/retrieve data. ; http://php.net/session.save-handler session.save_handler = files ; Argument passed to save_handler. In the case of files, this is the path ; where data files are stored. Note: Windows users have to change this ; variable in order to use PHP's session functions. ; ; The path can be defined as: ; ; session.save_path = "N;/path" ; ; where N is an integer. Instead of storing all the session files in ; /path, what this will do is use subdirectories N-levels deep, and ; store the session data in those directories. This is useful if you ; or your OS have problems with lots of files in one directory, and is ; a more efficient layout for servers that handle lots of sessions. ; ; NOTE 1: PHP will not create this directory structure automatically. ; You can use the script in the ext/session dir for that purpose. ; NOTE 2: See the section on garbage collection below if you choose to ; use subdirectories for session storage ; ; The file storage module creates files using mode 600 by default. ; You can change that by using ; ; session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path" ; ; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this ; does not overwrite the process's umask. ; http://php.net/session.save-path ;session.save_path = "/tmp" ; Whether to use cookies. ; http://php.net/session.use-cookies session.use_cookies = 1 ; http://php.net/session.cookie-secure ;session.cookie_secure = ; This option forces PHP to fetch and use a cookie for storing and maintaining ; the session id. We encourage this operation as it's very helpful in combating ; session hijacking when not specifying and managing your own session id. It is ; not the end all be all of session hijacking defense, but it's a good start. ; http://php.net/session.use-only-cookies session.use_only_cookies = 1 ; Name of the session (used as cookie name). ; http://php.net/session.name session.name = PHPSESSID ; Initialize session on request startup. ; http://php.net/session.auto-start session.auto_start = 0 ; Lifetime in seconds of cookie or, if 0, until browser is restarted. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-lifetime session.cookie_lifetime = 0 ; The path for which the cookie is valid. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-path session.cookie_path = / ; The domain for which the cookie is valid. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-domain session.cookie_domain = ; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript. ; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly session.cookie_httponly = ; Handler used to serialize data. php is the standard serializer of PHP. ; http://php.net/session.serialize-handler session.serialize_handler = php ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started ; on every session initialization. The probability is calculated by using ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator ; and gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1 ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance ; the gc will run on any give request. ; Default Value: 1 ; Development Value: 1 ; Production Value: 1 ; http://php.net/session.gc-probability session.gc_probability = 1 ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started on every ; session initialization. The probability is calculated by using the following equation: ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator and ; session.gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1 ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance ; the gc will run on any give request. Increasing this value to 1000 will give you ; a 0.1% chance the gc will run on any give request. For high volume production servers, ; this is a more efficient approach. ; Default Value: 100 ; Development Value: 1000 ; Production Value: 1000 ; http://php.net/session.gc-divisor session.gc_divisor = 1000 ; After this number of seconds, stored data will be seen as 'garbage' and ; cleaned up by the garbage collection process. ; http://php.net/session.gc-maxlifetime session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 ; NOTE: If you are using the subdirectory option for storing session files ; (see session.save_path above), then garbage collection does *not* ; happen automatically. You will need to do your own garbage ; collection through a shell script, cron entry, or some other method. ; For example, the following script would is the equivalent of ; setting session.gc_maxlifetime to 1440 (1440 seconds = 24 minutes): ; find /path/to/sessions -cmin +24 -type f | xargs rm ; Check HTTP Referer to invalidate externally stored URLs containing ids. ; HTTP_REFERER has to contain this substring for the session to be ; considered as valid. ; http://php.net/session.referer-check session.referer_check = ; How many bytes to read from the file. ; http://php.net/session.entropy-length ;session.entropy_length = 32 ; Specified here to create the session id. ; http://php.net/session.entropy-file ; Defaults to /dev/urandom ; On systems that don't have /dev/urandom but do have /dev/arandom, this will default to /dev/arandom ; If neither are found at compile time, the default is no entropy file. ; On windows, setting the entropy_length setting will activate the ; Windows random source (using the CryptoAPI) ;session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom ; Set to {nocache,private,public,} to determine HTTP caching aspects ; or leave this empty to avoid sending anti-caching headers. ; http://php.net/session.cache-limiter session.cache_limiter = nocache ; Document expires after n minutes. ; http://php.net/session.cache-expire session.cache_expire = 180 ; trans sid support is disabled by default. ; Use of trans sid may risk your users security. ; Use this option with caution. ; - User may send URL contains active session ID ; to other person via. email/irc/etc. ; - URL that contains active session ID may be stored ; in publicly accessible computer. ; - User may access your site with the same session ID ; always using URL stored in browser's history or bookmarks. ; http://php.net/session.use-trans-sid session.use_trans_sid = 0 ; Select a hash function for use in generating session ids. ; Possible Values ; 0 (MD5 128 bits) ; 1 (SHA-1 160 bits) ; This option may also be set to the name of any hash function supported by ; the hash extension. A list of available hashes is returned by the hash_algos() ; function. ; http://php.net/session.hash-function session.hash_function = 0 ; Define how many bits are stored in each character when converting ; the binary hash data to something readable. ; Possible values: ; 4 (4 bits: 0-9, a-f) ; 5 (5 bits: 0-9, a-v) ; 6 (6 bits: 0-9, a-z, A-Z, "-", ",") ; Default Value: 4 ; Development Value: 5 ; Production Value: 5 ; http://php.net/session.hash-bits-per-character session.hash_bits_per_character = 5 ; The URL rewriter will look for URLs in a defined set of HTML tags. ; form/fieldset are special; if you include them here, the rewriter will ; add a hidden field with the info which is otherwise appended ; to URLs. If you want XHTML conformity, remove the form entry. ; Note that all valid entries require a "=", even if no value follows. ; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset=" ; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; http://php.net/url-rewriter.tags url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry" ; Enable upload progress tracking in $_SESSION ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.enabled ;session.upload_progress.enabled = On ; Cleanup the progress information as soon as all POST data has been read ; (i.e. upload completed). ; Default Value: On ; Development Value: On ; Production Value: On ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.cleanup ;session.upload_progress.cleanup = On ; A prefix used for the upload progress key in $_SESSION ; Default Value: "upload_progress_" ; Development Value: "upload_progress_" ; Production Value: "upload_progress_" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.prefix ;session.upload_progress.prefix = "upload_progress_" ; The index name (concatenated with the prefix) in $_SESSION ; containing the upload progress information ; Default Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; Development Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; Production Value: "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.name ;session.upload_progress.name = "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" ; How frequently the upload progress should be updated. ; Given either in percentages (per-file), or in bytes ; Default Value: "1%" ; Development Value: "1%" ; Production Value: "1%" ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.freq ;session.upload_progress.freq = "1%" ; The minimum delay between updates, in seconds ; Default Value: 1 ; Development Value: 1 ; Production Value: 1 ; http://php.net/session.upload-progress.min-freq ;session.upload_progress.min_freq = "1" [MSSQL] ; Allow or prevent persistent links. mssql.allow_persistent = On ; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit. mssql.max_persistent = -1 ; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit. mssql.max_links = -1 ; Minimum error severity to display. mssql.min_error_severity = 10 ; Minimum message severity to display. mssql.min_message_severity = 10 ; Compatibility mode with old versions of PHP 3.0. mssql.compatability_mode = Off ; Connect timeout ;mssql.connect_timeout = 5 ; Query timeout ;mssql.timeout = 60 ; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096. ;mssql.textlimit = 4096 ; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096. ;mssql.textsize = 4096 ; Limits the number of records in each batch. 0 = all records in one batch. ;mssql.batchsize = 0 ; Specify how datetime and datetim4 columns are returned ; On => Returns data converted to SQL server settings ; Off => Returns values as YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss ;mssql.datetimeconvert = On ; Use NT authentication when connecting to the server mssql.secure_connection = Off ; Specify max number of processes. -1 = library default ; msdlib defaults to 25 ; FreeTDS defaults to 4096 ;mssql.max_procs = -1 ; Specify client character set. ; If empty or not set the client charset from freetds.conf is used ; This is only used when compiled with FreeTDS ;mssql.charset = "ISO-8859-1" [Assertion] ; Assert(expr); active by default. ; http://php.net/assert.active ;assert.active = On ; Issue a PHP warning for each failed assertion. ; http://php.net/assert.warning ;assert.warning = On ; Don't bail out by default. ; http://php.net/assert.bail ;assert.bail = Off ; User-function to be called if an assertion fails. ; http://php.net/assert.callback ;assert.callback = 0 ; Eval the expression with current error_reporting(). Set to true if you want ; error_reporting(0) around the eval(). ; http://php.net/assert.quiet-eval ;assert.quiet_eval = 0 [COM] ; path to a file containing GUIDs, IIDs or filenames of files with TypeLibs ; http://php.net/com.typelib-file ;com.typelib_file = ; allow Distributed-COM calls ; http://php.net/com.allow-dcom ;com.allow_dcom = true ; autoregister constants of a components typlib on com_load() ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-typelib ;com.autoregister_typelib = true ; register constants casesensitive ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-casesensitive ;com.autoregister_casesensitive = false ; show warnings on duplicate constant registrations ; http://php.net/com.autoregister-verbose ;com.autoregister_verbose = true ; The default character set code-page to use when passing strings to and from COM objects. ; Default: system ANSI code page ;com.code_page= [mbstring] ; language for internal character representation. ; http://php.net/mbstring.language ;mbstring.language = Japanese ; internal/script encoding. ; Some encoding cannot work as internal encoding. ; (e.g. SJIS, BIG5, ISO-2022-*) ; http://php.net/mbstring.internal-encoding ;mbstring.internal_encoding = EUC-JP ; http input encoding. ; http://php.net/mbstring.http-input ;mbstring.http_input = auto ; http output encoding. mb_output_handler must be ; registered as output buffer to function ; http://php.net/mbstring.http-output ;mbstring.http_output = SJIS ; enable automatic encoding translation according to ; mbstring.internal_encoding setting. Input chars are ; converted to internal encoding by setting this to On. ; Note: Do _not_ use automatic encoding translation for ; portable libs/applications. ; http://php.net/mbstring.encoding-translation ;mbstring.encoding_translation = Off ; automatic encoding detection order. ; auto means ; http://php.net/mbstring.detect-order ;mbstring.detect_order = auto ; substitute_character used when character cannot be converted ; one from another ; http://php.net/mbstring.substitute-character ;mbstring.substitute_character = none; ; overload(replace) single byte functions by mbstring functions. ; mail(), ereg(), etc are overloaded by mb_send_mail(), mb_ereg(), ; etc. Possible values are 0,1,2,4 or combination of them. ; For example, 7 for overload everything. ; 0: No overload ; 1: Overload mail() function ; 2: Overload str*() functions ; 4: Overload ereg*() functions ; http://php.net/mbstring.func-overload ;mbstring.func_overload = 0 ; enable strict encoding detection. ;mbstring.strict_detection = Off ; This directive specifies the regex pattern of content types for which mb_output_handler() ; is activated. ; Default: mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml) ;mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype= [gd] ; Tell the jpeg decode to ignore warnings and try to create ; a gd image. The warning will then be displayed as notices ; disabled by default ; http://php.net/gd.jpeg-ignore-warning ;gd.jpeg_ignore_warning = 0 [exif] ; Exif UNICODE user comments are handled as UCS-2BE/UCS-2LE and JIS as JIS. ; With mbstring support this will automatically be converted into the encoding ; given by corresponding encode setting. When empty mbstring.internal_encoding ; is used. For the decode settings you can distinguish between motorola and ; intel byte order. A decode setting cannot be empty. ; http://php.net/exif.encode-unicode ;exif.encode_unicode = ISO-8859-15 ; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-motorola ;exif.decode_unicode_motorola = UCS-2BE ; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-intel ;exif.decode_unicode_intel = UCS-2LE ; http://php.net/exif.encode-jis ;exif.encode_jis = ; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-motorola ;exif.decode_jis_motorola = JIS ; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-intel ;exif.decode_jis_intel = JIS [Tidy] ; The path to a default tidy configuration file to use when using tidy ; http://php.net/tidy.default-config ;tidy.default_config = /usr/local/lib/php/default.tcfg ; Should tidy clean and repair output automatically? ; WARNING: Do not use this option if you are generating non-html content ; such as dynamic images ; http://php.net/tidy.clean-output tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] ; Enables or disables WSDL caching feature. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-enabled soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 ; Sets the directory name where SOAP extension will put cache files. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-dir soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" ; (time to live) Sets the number of second while cached file will be used ; instead of original one. ; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-ttl soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 ; Sets the size of the cache limit. (Max. number of WSDL files to cache) soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] ; A default size of the shared memory segment ;sysvshm.init_mem = 10000 [ldap] ; Sets the maximum number of open links or -1 for unlimited. ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] ; For more information about mcrypt settings see http://php.net/mcrypt-module-open ; Directory where to load mcrypt algorithms ; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt) ;mcrypt.algorithms_dir= ; Directory where to load mcrypt modes ; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt) ;mcrypt.modes_dir= [dba] ;dba.default_handler= [curl] ; A default value for the CURLOPT_CAINFO option. This is required to be an ; absolute path. ;curl.cainfo = ; Local Variables: ; tab-width: 4 ; End:
Delphi 7.1 Update Release Notes=======================================================This file contains important supplemental and late-breakinginformation that may not appear in the main productdocumentation, and supersedes information contained in otherdocuments, including previously installed release notes.Borland recommends that you read this file in its entirety.NOTE: If you are updating a localized version of Delphi 7, visit the Borland Registered User web site to obtain a localized readme file that may contain important late- breaking information not included in this readme file.IMPORTANT: Delphi must be closed before installing this update. =====================================================CONTENTS * INSTALLING THIS UPDATE * UPDATING LOCALIZED VERSIONS OF DELPHI 7 * KNOWN ISSUES * ISSUES ADDRESSED BY THIS UPDATE - IDE - CORE DATABASE - DATASNAP - DBGO (ADO COMPONENTS) - dbExpress - dbExpress COMPONENTS AND DB VCL - dbExpress CORE DRIVER AND METADATA - dbExpress VENDOR ISSUES - dbExpress CERTIFICATION - WEB SNAP - ACTIVEX - COMPILER - RTL - VCL - THIRD PARTY - BOLD FOR DELPHI * VERIFYING THAT THE UPDATE WAS SUCCESSFUL * FILES INSTALLED BY THIS UPDATE =======================================================INSTALLING THIS UPDATE* This update can not be applied to Delphi 7 Architect Trial version. * This update can not be removed after it is installed.* You will need the original Delphi 7 installation CD available to install this update.* To install this update from the CD, insert the CD, and launch the d7_ent_upd1.exe file appropriate for your locale.* To install this update from the Web, double-click the self-executing installation file and follow the prompts. * The Delphi 7 documentation PDF files are available on the update CD.========================================================UPDATING LOCALIZED VERSIONS OF DELPHI 7* This update can be applied only to the English version of Delphi 7. There are separate updates for the German, French and Japanese ver
一、基础 1、说明:创建数据库 CREATE DATABASE database-name 2、说明:删除数据库 drop database dbname 3、说明:备份sql server --- 创建 备份数据的 device USE master EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat' --- 开始 备份 BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack 4、说明:创建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..) 根据已有的表创建新表: A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only 5、说明:删除新表 drop table tabname 6、说明:增加一个列 Alter table tabname add column col type 注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。 7、说明:添加主键: Alter table tabname add primary key(col) 说明:删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col) 8、说明:创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 删除索引:drop index idxname 注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。 9、说明:创建视图:create view viewname as select statement 删除视图:drop view viewname 10、说明:几个简单的基本的sql语句 选择:select * from table1 where 范围 插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2) 删除:delete from table1 where 范围 更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围 查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料! 排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc] 总数:select count as totalcount from table1 求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1 平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1 最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1 最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1 11、说明:几个高级查询运算词 A: UNION 运算符 UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。 B: EXCEPT 运算符 EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 但不在 TABLE2 的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。 C: INTERSECT 运算符 INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。 注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。 12、说明:使用外连接 A、left (outer) join: 左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。 SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c B:right (outer) join: 右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。 C:full/cross (outer) join: 全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表的所有记录。 12、分组:Group by: 一张表,一旦分组 完成后,查询后只能得到组相关的信息。 组相关的信息:(统计信息) count,sum,max,min,avg 分组的标准) 在SQLServer分组时:不能以text,ntext,image类型的字段作为分组依据 在selecte统计函数的字段,不能和普通的字段放在一起; 13、对数据库进行操作: 分离数据库: sp_detach_db; 附加数据库:sp_attach_db 后接表明,附加需要完整的路径名 14.如何修改数据库的名称: sp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name' 二、提升 1、说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用) 法一:select * into b from a where 11(仅用于SQlServer) 法二:select top 0 * into b from a 2、说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b; 3、说明:跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件 例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where.. 4、说明:子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3) 5、说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b 6、说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c 7、说明:在线视图查询(表名1:a ) select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1; 8、说明:between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2 9、说明:in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’) 10、说明:两张关联表,删除主表已经在副表没有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 ) 11、说明:四表联查问题: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where ..... 12、说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒 SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5 13、说明:一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页 select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段 具体实现: 关于数据库分页: declare @start int,@end int @sql nvarchar(600) set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’ exec sp_executesql @sql 注意:在top后不能直接跟一个变量,所以在实际应用只有这样的进行特殊的处理。Rid为一个标识列,如果top后还有具体的字段,这样做是非常有好处的。因为这样可以避免 top的字段如果是逻辑索引的,查询的结果后实际表的不一致(逻辑索引的数据有可能和数据表的不一致,而查询时如果处在索引则首先查询索引) 14、说明:前10条记录 select top 10 * form table1 where 范围 15、说明:选择在每一组b值相同的数据对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.) select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b) 16、说明:包括所有在 TableA 但不在 TableB和TableC 的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表 (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC) 17、说明:随机取出10条数据 select top 10 * from tablename order by newid() 18、说明:随机选择记录 select newid() 19、说明:删除重复记录 1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...) 2),select distinct * into temp from tablename delete from tablename insert into tablename select * from temp 评价: 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动,这种做法不适合大容量但数据操作 3),例如:在一个外部表导入数据,由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分,但很难判断具体位置,这样只有在下一次全部导入,这样也就产生好多重复的字段,怎样删除重复字段 alter table tablename --添加一个自增列 add column_b int identity(1,1) delete from tablename where column_b not in( select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...) alter table tablename drop column column_b 20、说明:列出数据库里所有的表名 select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户 21、说明:列出表里的所有的列名 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName') 22、说明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 的case。 select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type 显示结果: type vender pcs 电脑 A 1 电脑 A 1 光盘 B 2 光盘 A 2 手机 B 3 手机 C 3 23、说明:初始化表table1 TRUNCATE TABLE table1 24、说明:选择从10到15的记录 select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc 三、技巧 1、1=1,1=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多 “where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选, 如: if @strWhere !='' begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere end else begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']' end 我们可以直接写成 错误!未找到目录项。 set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere 2、收缩数据库 --重建索引 DBCC REINDEX DBCC INDEXDEFRAG --收缩数据和日志 DBCC SHRINKDB DBCC SHRINKFILE 3、压缩数据库 dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname) 4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限 exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname' go 5、检查备份集 RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak' 6、修复数据库 ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER GO DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK GO ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER GO 7、日志清除 SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname, @MaxMinutes INT, @NewSize INT USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名 SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名 @MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log. @NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M) Setup / initialize DECLARE @OriginalSize int SELECT @OriginalSize = size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName CREATE TABLE DummyTrans (DummyColumn char (8000) not null) DECLARE @Counter INT, @StartTime DATETIME, @TruncLog VARCHAR(255) SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(), @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY' DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize) EXEC (@TruncLog) -- Wrap the log if necessary. WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName) AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize BEGIN -- Outer loop. SELECT @Counter = 0 WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000)) BEGIN -- update INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTrans SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1 END EXEC (@TruncLog) END SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName DROP TABLE DummyTrans SET NOCOUNT OFF 8、说明:更改某个表 exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo' 9、存储更改全部表 CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch @OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128), @NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128) AS DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR select 'Name' = name, 'Owner' = user_name(uid) from sysobjects where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner order by name OPEN curObject FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0) BEGIN if @Owner=@OldOwner begin set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name) exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner end -- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner END close curObject deallocate curObject GO 10、SQL SERVER直接循环写入数据 declare @i int set @i=1 while @i<30 begin insert into test (userid) values(@i) set @i=@i+1 end 案例: 有如下表,要求就裱所有沒有及格的成績,在每次增長0.1的基礎上,使他們剛好及格: Name score Zhangshan 80 Lishi 59 Wangwu 50 Songquan 69 while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60) begin update tb_table set score =score*1.01 where score60 break else continue end 数据开发-经典 1.按姓氏笔画排序: Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多 2.数据库加密: select encrypt('原始密码') select pwdencrypt('原始密码') select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同;否则不相同 encrypt('原始密码') select pwdencrypt('原始密码') select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同;否则不相同 3.取回表字段: declare @list varchar(1000), @sql nvarchar(1000) select @list=@list+','+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name='表A' set @sql='select '+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+' from 表A' exec (@sql) 4.查看硬盘分区: EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives 5.比较A,B表是否相等: if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A) = (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B) print '相等' else print '不相等' 6.杀掉所有的事件探察器进程: DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT 'kill '+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses WHERE program_name IN('SQL profiler',N'SQL 事件探查器') EXEC sp_msforeach_worker '?' 7.记录搜索: 开头到N条记录 Select Top N * From 表 ------------------------------- N到M条记录(要有主索引ID) Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID Desc ---------------------------------- N到结尾记录 Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc 案例 例如1:一张表有一万多条记录,表的第一个字段 RecID 是自增长字段, 写一个SQL语句, 找出表的第31到第40个记录。 select top 10 recid from A where recid not in(select top 30 recid from A) 分析:如果这样写会产生某些问题,如果recid在表存在逻辑索引。 select top 10 recid from A where……是从索引查找,而后面的select top 30 recid from A则在数据表查找,这样由于索引的顺序有可能和数据表的不一致,这样就导致查询到的不是本来的欲得到的数据。 解决方案 1, 用order by select top 30 recid from A order by ricid 如果该字段不是自增长,就会出现问题 2, 在那个子查询也加条件:select top 30 recid from A where recid>-1 例2:查询表的最后以条记录,并不知道这个表共有多少数据,以及表结构。 set @s = 'select top 1 * from T where pid not in (select top ' + str(@count-1) + ' pid from T)' print @s exec sp_executesql @s 9:获取当前数据库的所有用户表 select Name from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>=0 10:获取某一个表的所有字段 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名') select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = 'u' and name = '表名') 两种方式的效果相同 11:查看与某一个表相关的视图、存储过程、函数 select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like '%表名%' 12:查看当前数据库所有存储过程 select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype='P' 13:查询用户创建的所有数据库 select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name='sa') 或者 select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid 0x01 14:查询某一个表的字段和数据类型 select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns where table_name = '表名' 15:不同服务器数据库之间的数据操作 --创建链接服务器 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 ' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ITSV ', 'false ',null, '用户名 ', '密码 ' --查询示例 select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名 --导入示例 select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名 --以后不再使用时删除链接服务器 exec sp_dropserver 'ITSV ', 'droplogins ' --连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource) --1、openrowset --查询示例 select * from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) --生成本地表 select * into 表 from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) --把本地表导入远程表 insert openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) select *from 本地表 --更新本地表 update b set b.列A=a.列A from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b on a.column1=b.column1 --openquery用法需要创建一个连接 --首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 ' --查询 select * FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') --把本地表导入远程表 insert openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') select * from 本地表 --更新本地表 update b set b.列B=a.列B FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') as a inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A --3、opendatasource/openrowset SELECT * FROM opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ' ).test.dbo.roy_ta --把本地表导入远程表 insert opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ').数据库.dbo.表名 select * from 本地表 SQL Server基本函数 SQL Server基本函数 1.字符串函数 长度与分析用 1,datalength(Char_expr) 返回字符串包含字符数,但不包含后面的空格 2,substring(expression,start,length) 取子串,字符串的下标是从“1”,start为起始位置,length为字符串长度,实际应用以len(expression)取得其长度 3,right(char_expr,int_expr) 返回字符串右边第int_expr个字符,还用left于之相反 4,isnull( check_expression , replacement_value )如果check_expression為空,則返回replacement_value的值,不為空,就返回check_expression字符操作类 5,Sp_addtype 自定義數據類型 例如:EXEC sp_addtype birthday, datetime, 'NULL' 6,set nocount {on|off} 使返回的结果不包含有关受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数的信息。如果存储过程包含的一些语句并不返回许多实际的数据,则该设置由于大量减少了网络流量,因此可显著提高性能。SET NOCOUNT 设置是在执行或运行时设置,而不是在分析时设置。 SET NOCOUNT 为 ON 时,不返回计数(表示受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数)。 SET NOCOUNT 为 OFF 时,返回计数 常识 在SQL查询:from后最多可以跟多少张表或视图:256 在SQL语句出现 Order by,查询时,先排序,后取 在SQL,一个字段的最大容量是8000,而对于nvarchar(4000),由于nvarchar是Unicode码。 SQLServer2000同步复制技术实现步骤 一、 预备工作 1.发布服务器,订阅服务器都创建一个同名的windows用户,并设置相同的密码,做为发布快照文件夹的有效访问用户 --管理工具 --计算机管理 --用户和组 --右键用户 --新建用户 --建立一个隶属于administrator组的登陆windows的用户(SynUser) 2.在发布服务器上,新建一个共享目录,做为发布的快照文件的存放目录,操作: 我的电脑--D:\ 新建一个目录,名为: PUB --右键这个新建的目录 --属性--共享 --选择"共享该文件夹" --通过"权限"按纽来设置具体的用户权限,保证第一步创建的用户(SynUser) 具有对该文件夹的所有权限 --确定 3.设置SQL代理(SQLSERVERAGENT)服务的启动用户(发布/订阅服务器均做此设置) 开始--程序--管理工具--服务 --右键SQLSERVERAGENT --属性--登陆--选择"此账户" --输入或者选择第一步创建的windows登录用户名(SynUser) --"密码"输入该用户的密码 4.设置SQL Server身份验证模式,解决连接时的权限问题(发布/订阅服务器均做此设置) 企业管理器 --右键SQL实例--属性 --安全性--身份验证 --选择"SQL Server 和 Windows" --确定 5.在发布服务器和订阅服务器上互相注册 企业管理器 --右键SQL Server组 --新建SQL Server注册... --下一步--可用的服务器,输入你要注册的远程服务器名 --添加 --下一步--连接使用,选择第二个"SQL Server身份验证" --下一步--输入用户名和密码(SynUser) --下一步--选择SQL Server组,也可以创建一个新组 --下一步--完成 6.对于只能用IP,不能用计算机名的,为其注册服务器别名(此步在实施没用到) (在连接端配置,比如,在订阅服务器上配置的话,服务器名称输入的是发布服务器的IP) 开始--程序--Microsoft SQL Server--客户端网络实用工具 --别名--添加 --网络库选择"tcp/ip"--服务器别名输入SQL服务器名 --连接参数--服务器名称输入SQL服务器ip地址 --如果你修改了SQL的端口,取消选择"动态决定端口",并输入对应的端口号 二、 正式配置 1、配置发布服务器 打开企业管理器,在发布服务器(B、C、D)上执行以下步骤: (1) 从[工具]下拉菜单的[复制]子菜单选择[配置发布、订阅服务器和分发]出现配置发布和分发向导 (2) [下一步] 选择分发服务器 可以选择把发布服务器自己作为分发服务器或者其他sql的服务器(选择自己) (3) [下一步] 设置快照文件夹 采用默认\\servername\Pub (4) [下一步] 自定义配置 可以选择:是,让我设置分发数据库属性启用发布服务器或设置发布设置 否,使用下列默认设置(推荐) (5) [下一步] 设置分发数据库名称和位置 采用默认值 (6) [下一步] 启用发布服务器 选择作为发布的服务器 (7) [下一步] 选择需要发布的数据库和发布类型 (8) [下一步] 选择注册订阅服务器 (9) [下一步] 完成配置 2、创建出版物 发布服务器B、C、D上 (1)从[工具]菜单的[复制]子菜单选择[创建和管理发布]命令 (2)选择要创建出版物的数据库,然后单击[创建发布] (3)在[创建发布向导]的提示对话框单击[下一步]系统就会弹出一个对话框。对话框上的内容是复制的三个类型。我们现在选第一个也就是默认的快照发布(其他两个大家可以去看看帮助) (4)单击[下一步]系统要求指定可以订阅该发布的数据库服务器类型, SQLSERVER允许在不同的数据库如 orACLE或ACCESS之间进行数据复制。 但是在这里我们选择运行"SQL SERVER 2000"的数据库服务器 (5)单击[下一步]系统就弹出一个定义文章的对话框也就是选择要出版的表 注意: 如果前面选择了事务发布 则再这一步只能选择带有主键的表 (6)选择发布名称和描述 (7)自定义发布属性 向导提供的选择: 是 我将自定义数据筛选,启用匿名订阅和或其他自定义属性 否 根据指定方式创建发布 (建议采用自定义的方式) (8)[下一步] 选择筛选发布的方式 (9)[下一步] 可以选择是否允许匿名订阅 1)如果选择署名订阅,则需要在发布服务器上添加订阅服务器 方法: [工具]->[复制]->[配置发布、订阅服务器和分发的属性]->[订阅服务器] 添加 否则在订阅服务器上请求订阅时会出现的提示:改发布不允许匿名订阅 如果仍然需要匿名订阅则用以下解决办法 [企业管理器]->[复制]->[发布内容]->[属性]->[订阅选项] 选择允许匿名请求订阅 2)如果选择匿名订阅,则配置订阅服务器时不会出现以上提示 (10)[下一步] 设置快照 代理程序调度 (11)[下一步] 完成配置 当完成出版物的创建后创建出版物的数据库也就变成了一个共享数据库 有数据 srv1.库名..author有字段:id,name,phone, srv2.库名..author有字段:id,name,telphone,adress 要求: srv1.库名..author增加记录则srv1.库名..author记录增加 srv1.库名..author的phone字段更新,则srv1.库名..author对应字段telphone更新 --*/ --大致的处理步骤 --1.在 srv1 上创建连接服务器,以便在 srv1 操作 srv2,实现同步 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv2','','SQLOLEDB','srv2的sql实例名或ip' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv2','false',null,'用户名','密码' go --2.在 srv1 和 srv2 这两台电脑,启动 msdtc(分布式事务处理服务),并且设置为自动启动 。我的电脑--控制面板--管理工具--服务--右键 Distributed Transaction Coordinator--属性--启动--并将启动类型设置为自动启动 go --然后创建一个作业定时调用上面的同步处理存储过程就行了 企业管理器 --管理 --SQL Server代理 --右键作业 --新建作业 --"常规"项输入作业名称 --"步骤"项 --新建 --"步骤名"输入步骤名 --"类型"选择"Transact-SQL 脚本(TSQL)" --"数据库"选择执行命令的数据库 --"命令"输入要执行的语句: exec p_process --确定 --"调度"项 --新建调度 --"名称"输入调度名称 --"调度类型"选择你的作业执行安排 --如果选择"反复出现" --点"更改"来设置你的时间安排 然后将SQL Agent服务启动,并设置为自动启动,否则你的作业不会被执行 设置方法: 我的电脑--控制面板--管理工具--服务--右键 SQLSERVERAGENT--属性--启动类型--选择"自动启动"--确定. --3.实现同步处理的方法2,定时同步 --在srv1创建如下的同步处理存储过程 create proc p_process as --更新修改过的数据 update b set name=i.name,telphone=i.telphone from srv2.库名.dbo.author b,author i where b.id=i.id and (b.name i.name or b.telphone i.telphone) --插入新增的数据 insert srv2.库名.dbo.author(id,name,telphone) select id,name,telphone from author i where not exists( select * from srv2.库名.dbo.author where id=i.id) --删除已经删除的数据(如果需要的话) delete b from srv2.库名.dbo.author b where not exists( select * from author where id=b.id) go
数据库操作语句大全(sql) 一、基础 1、说明:创建数据库 CREATE DATABASE database-name 2、说明:删除数据库 drop database dbname 3、说明:备份sql server --- 创建 备份数据的 device USE master EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat' --- 开始 备份 BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack 4、说明:创建新表 create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..) 根据已有的表创建新表: A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表) B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only 5、说明:删除新表 drop table tabname 6、说明:增加一个列 Alter table tabname add column col type 注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。 7、说明:添加主键: Alter table tabname add primary key(col) 说明:删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col) 8、说明:创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 删除索引:drop index idxname 注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。 9、说明:创建视图:create view viewname as select statement 删除视图:drop view viewname 10、说明:几个简单的基本的sql语句 选择:select * from table1 where 范围 插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2) 删除:delete from table1 where 范围 更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围 查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料! 排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc] 总数:select count as totalcount from table1 求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1 平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1 最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1 最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1 11、说明:几个高级查询运算词 A: UNION 运算符 UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。 B: EXCEPT 运算符 EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 但不在 TABLE2 的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。 C: INTERSECT 运算符 INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。 注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。 12、说明:使用外连接 A、left (outer) join: 左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。 SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c B:right (outer) join: 右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。 C:full/cross (outer) join: 全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表的所有记录。 12、分组:Group by: 一张表,一旦分组 完成后,查询后只能得到组相关的信息。 组相关的信息:(统计信息) count,sum,max,min,avg 分组的标准) 在SQLServer分组时:不能以text,ntext,image类型的字段作为分组依据 在selecte统计函数的字段,不能和普通的字段放在一起; 13、对数据库进行操作: 分离数据库: sp_detach_db; 附加数据库:sp_attach_db 后接表明,附加需要完整的路径名 14.如何修改数据库的名称: sp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name' 二、提升 1、说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用) 法一:select * into b from a where 11(仅用于SQlServer) 法二:select top 0 * into b from a 2、说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b; 3、说明:跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用) insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件 例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where.. 4、说明:子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3) 5、说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b 6、说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c 7、说明:在线视图查询(表名1:a ) select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1; 8、说明:between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括 select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2 select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2 9、说明:in 的使用方法 select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’) 10、说明:两张关联表,删除主表已经在副表没有的信息 delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 ) 11、说明:四表联查问题: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where ..... 12、说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒 SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5 13、说明:一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页 select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段 具体实现: 关于数据库分页: declare @start int,@end int @sql nvarchar(600) set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’ exec sp_executesql @sql 注意:在top后不能直接跟一个变量,所以在实际应用只有这样的进行特殊的处理。Rid为一个标识列,如果top后还有具体的字段,这样做是非常有好处的。因为这样可以避免 top的字段如果是逻辑索引的,查询的结果后实际表的不一致(逻辑索引的数据有可能和数据表的不一致,而查询时如果处在索引则首先查询索引) 14、说明:前10条记录 select top 10 * form table1 where 范围 15、说明:选择在每一组b值相同的数据对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.) select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b) 16、说明:包括所有在 TableA 但不在 TableB和TableC 的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表 (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC) 17、说明:随机取出10条数据 select top 10 * from tablename order by newid() 18、说明:随机选择记录 select newid() 19、说明:删除重复记录 1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...) 2),select distinct * into temp from tablename delete from tablename insert into tablename select * from temp 评价: 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动,这种做法不适合大容量但数据操作 3),例如:在一个外部表导入数据,由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分,但很难判断具体位置,这样只有在下一次全部导入,这样也就产生好多重复的字段,怎样删除重复字段 alter table tablename --添加一个自增列 add column_b int identity(1,1) delete from tablename where column_b not in( select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...) alter table tablename drop column column_b 20、说明:列出数据库里所有的表名 select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户 21、说明:列出表里的所有的列名 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName') 22、说明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 的case。 select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type 显示结果: type vender pcs 电脑 A 1 电脑 A 1 光盘 B 2 光盘 A 2 手机 B 3 手机 C 3 23、说明:初始化表table1 TRUNCATE TABLE table1 24、说明:选择从10到15的记录 select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc 三、技巧 1、1=1,1=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多 “where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选, 如: if @strWhere !='' begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere end else begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']' end 我们可以直接写成 错误!未找到目录项。 set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere 2、收缩数据库 --重建索引 DBCC REINDEX DBCC INDEXDEFRAG --收缩数据和日志 DBCC SHRINKDB DBCC SHRINKFILE 3、压缩数据库 dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname) 4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限 exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname' go 5、检查备份集 RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak' 6、修复数据库 ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER GO DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK GO ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER GO 7、日志清除 SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname, @MaxMinutes INT, @NewSize INT USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名 SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名 @MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log. @NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M) Setup / initialize DECLARE @OriginalSize int SELECT @OriginalSize = size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName CREATE TABLE DummyTrans (DummyColumn char (8000) not null) DECLARE @Counter INT, @StartTime DATETIME, @TruncLog VARCHAR(255) SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(), @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY' DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize) EXEC (@TruncLog) -- Wrap the log if necessary. WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName) AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize BEGIN -- Outer loop. SELECT @Counter = 0 WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000)) BEGIN -- update INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTrans SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1 END EXEC (@TruncLog) END SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB' FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName DROP TABLE DummyTrans SET NOCOUNT OFF 8、说明:更改某个表 exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo' 9、存储更改全部表 CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch @OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128), @NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128) AS DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128) DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR select 'Name' = name, 'Owner' = user_name(uid) from sysobjects where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner order by name OPEN curObject FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0) BEGIN if @Owner=@OldOwner begin set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name) exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner end -- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner END close curObject deallocate curObject GO 10、SQL SERVER直接循环写入数据 declare @i int set @i=1 while @i<30 begin insert into test (userid) values(@i) set @i=@i+1 end 案例: 有如下表,要求就裱所有沒有及格的成績,在每次增長0.1的基礎上,使他們剛好及格: Name score Zhangshan 80 Lishi 59 Wangwu 50 Songquan 69 while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60) begin update tb_table set score =score*1.01 where score60 break else continue end 数据开发-经典 1.按姓氏笔画排序: Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多 2.数据库加密: select encrypt('原始密码') select pwdencrypt('原始密码') select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同;否则不相同 encrypt('原始密码') select pwdencrypt('原始密码') select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同;否则不相同 3.取回表字段: declare @list varchar(1000), @sql nvarchar(1000) select @list=@list+','+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name='表A' set @sql='select '+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+' from 表A' exec (@sql) 4.查看硬盘分区: EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives 5.比较A,B表是否相等: if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A) = (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B) print '相等' else print '不相等' 6.杀掉所有的事件探察器进程: DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT 'kill '+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses WHERE program_name IN('SQL profiler',N'SQL 事件探查器') EXEC sp_msforeach_worker '?' 7.记录搜索: 开头到N条记录 Select Top N * From 表 ------------------------------- N到M条记录(要有主索引ID) Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID Desc ---------------------------------- N到结尾记录 Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc 案例 例如1:一张表有一万多条记录,表的第一个字段 RecID 是自增长字段, 写一个SQL语句, 找出表的第31到第40个记录。 select top 10 recid from A where recid not in(select top 30 recid from A) 分析:如果这样写会产生某些问题,如果recid在表存在逻辑索引。 select top 10 recid from A where……是从索引查找,而后面的select top 30 recid from A则在数据表查找,这样由于索引的顺序有可能和数据表的不一致,这样就导致查询到的不是本来的欲得到的数据。 解决方案 1, 用order by select top 30 recid from A order by ricid 如果该字段不是自增长,就会出现问题 2, 在那个子查询也加条件:select top 30 recid from A where recid>-1 例2:查询表的最后以条记录,并不知道这个表共有多少数据,以及表结构。 set @s = 'select top 1 * from T where pid not in (select top ' + str(@count-1) + ' pid from T)' print @s exec sp_executesql @s 9:获取当前数据库的所有用户表 select Name from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>=0 10:获取某一个表的所有字段 select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名') select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = 'u' and name = '表名') 两种方式的效果相同 11:查看与某一个表相关的视图、存储过程、函数 select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like '%表名%' 12:查看当前数据库所有存储过程 select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype='P' 13:查询用户创建的所有数据库 select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name='sa') 或者 select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid 0x01 14:查询某一个表的字段和数据类型 select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns where table_name = '表名' 15:不同服务器数据库之间的数据操作 --创建链接服务器 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 ' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ITSV ', 'false ',null, '用户名 ', '密码 ' --查询示例 select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名 --导入示例 select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名 --以后不再使用时删除链接服务器 exec sp_dropserver 'ITSV ', 'droplogins ' --连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource) --1、openrowset --查询示例 select * from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) --生成本地表 select * into 表 from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) --把本地表导入远程表 insert openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名) select *from 本地表 --更新本地表 update b set b.列A=a.列A from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b on a.column1=b.column1 --openquery用法需要创建一个连接 --首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 ' --查询 select * FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') --把本地表导入远程表 insert openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') select * from 本地表 --更新本地表 update b set b.列B=a.列B FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') as a inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A --3、opendatasource/openrowset SELECT * FROM opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ' ).test.dbo.roy_ta --把本地表导入远程表 insert opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ').数据库.dbo.表名 select * from 本地表 SQL Server基本函数 SQL Server基本函数 1.字符串函数 长度与分析用 1,datalength(Char_expr) 返回字符串包含字符数,但不包含后面的空格 2,substring(expression,start,length) 取子串,字符串的下标是从“1”,start为起始位置,length为字符串长度,实际应用以len(expression)取得其长度 3,right(char_expr,int_expr) 返回字符串右边第int_expr个字符,还用left于之相反 4,isnull( check_expression , replacement_value )如果check_expression為空,則返回replacement_value的值,不為空,就返回check_expression字符操作类 5,Sp_addtype 自定義數據類型 例如:EXEC sp_addtype birthday, datetime, 'NULL' 6,set nocount {on|off} 使返回的结果不包含有关受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数的信息。如果存储过程包含的一些语句并不返回许多实际的数据,则该设置由于大量减少了网络流量,因此可显著提高性能。SET NOCOUNT 设置是在执行或运行时设置,而不是在分析时设置。 SET NOCOUNT 为 ON 时,不返回计数(表示受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数)。 SET NOCOUNT 为 OFF 时,返回计数 常识 在SQL查询:from后最多可以跟多少张表或视图:256 在SQL语句出现 Order by,查询时,先排序,后取 在SQL,一个字段的最大容量是8000,而对于nvarchar(4000),由于nvarchar是Unicode码。 SQLServer2000同步复制技术实现步骤 一、 预备工作 1.发布服务器,订阅服务器都创建一个同名的windows用户,并设置相同的密码,做为发布快照文件夹的有效访问用户 --管理工具 --计算机管理 --用户和组 --右键用户 --新建用户 --建立一个隶属于administrator组的登陆windows的用户(SynUser) 2.在发布服务器上,新建一个共享目录,做为发布的快照文件的存放目录,操作: 我的电脑--D:\ 新建一个目录,名为: PUB --右键这个新建的目录 --属性--共享 --选择"共享该文件夹" --通过"权限"按纽来设置具体的用户权限,保证第一步创建的用户(SynUser) 具有对该文件夹的所有权限 --确定 3.设置SQL代理(SQLSERVERAGENT)服务的启动用户(发布/订阅服务器均做此设置) 开始--程序--管理工具--服务 --右键SQLSERVERAGENT --属性--登陆--选择"此账户" --输入或者选择第一步创建的windows登录用户名(SynUser) --"密码"输入该用户的密码 4.设置SQL Server身份验证模式,解决连接时的权限问题(发布/订阅服务器均做此设置) 企业管理器 --右键SQL实例--属性 --安全性--身份验证 --选择"SQL Server 和 Windows" --确定 5.在发布服务器和订阅服务器上互相注册 企业管理器 --右键SQL Server组 --新建SQL Server注册... --下一步--可用的服务器,输入你要注册的远程服务器名 --添加 --下一步--连接使用,选择第二个"SQL Server身份验证" --下一步--输入用户名和密码(SynUser) --下一步--选择SQL Server组,也可以创建一个新组 --下一步--完成 6.对于只能用IP,不能用计算机名的,为其注册服务器别名(此步在实施没用到) (在连接端配置,比如,在订阅服务器上配置的话,服务器名称输入的是发布服务器的IP) 开始--程序--Microsoft SQL Server--客户端网络实用工具 --别名--添加 --网络库选择"tcp/ip"--服务器别名输入SQL服务器名 --连接参数--服务器名称输入SQL服务器ip地址 --如果你修改了SQL的端口,取消选择"动态决定端口",并输入对应的端口号 二、 正式配置 1、配置发布服务器 打开企业管理器,在发布服务器(B、C、D)上执行以下步骤: (1) 从[工具]下拉菜单的[复制]子菜单选择[配置发布、订阅服务器和分发]出现配置发布和分发向导 (2) [下一步] 选择分发服务器 可以选择把发布服务器自己作为分发服务器或者其他sql的服务器(选择自己) (3) [下一步] 设置快照文件夹 采用默认\\servername\Pub (4) [下一步] 自定义配置 可以选择:是,让我设置分发数据库属性启用发布服务器或设置发布设置 否,使用下列默认设置(推荐) (5) [下一步] 设置分发数据库名称和位置 采用默认值 (6) [下一步] 启用发布服务器 选择作为发布的服务器 (7) [下一步] 选择需要发布的数据库和发布类型 (8) [下一步] 选择注册订阅服务器 (9) [下一步] 完成配置 2、创建出版物 发布服务器B、C、D上 (1)从[工具]菜单的[复制]子菜单选择[创建和管理发布]命令 (2)选择要创建出版物的数据库,然后单击[创建发布] (3)在[创建发布向导]的提示对话框单击[下一步]系统就会弹出一个对话框。对话框上的内容是复制的三个类型。我们现在选第一个也就是默认的快照发布(其他两个大家可以去看看帮助) (4)单击[下一步]系统要求指定可以订阅该发布的数据库服务器类型, SQLSERVER允许在不同的数据库如 orACLE或ACCESS之间进行数据复制。 但是在这里我们选择运行"SQL SERVER 2000"的数据库服务器 (5)单击[下一步]系统就弹出一个定义文章的对话框也就是选择要出版的表 注意: 如果前面选择了事务发布 则再这一步只能选择带有主键的表 (6)选择发布名称和描述 (7)自定义发布属性 向导提供的选择: 是 我将自定义数据筛选,启用匿名订阅和或其他自定义属性 否 根据指定方式创建发布 (建议采用自定义的方式) (8)[下一步] 选择筛选发布的方式 (9)[下一步] 可以选择是否允许匿名订阅 1)如果选择署名订阅,则需要在发布服务器上添加订阅服务器 方法: [工具]->[复制]->[配置发布、订阅服务器和分发的属性]->[订阅服务器] 添加 否则在订阅服务器上请求订阅时会出现的提示:改发布不允许匿名订阅 如果仍然需要匿名订阅则用以下解决办法 [企业管理器]->[复制]->[发布内容]->[属性]->[订阅选项] 选择允许匿名请求订阅 2)如果选择匿名订阅,则配置订阅服务器时不会出现以上提示 (10)[下一步] 设置快照 代理程序调度 (11)[下一步] 完成配置 当完成出版物的创建后创建出版物的数据库也就变成了一个共享数据库 有数据 srv1.库名..author有字段:id,name,phone, srv2.库名..author有字段:id,name,telphone,adress 要求: srv1.库名..author增加记录则srv1.库名..author记录增加 srv1.库名..author的phone字段更新,则srv1.库名..author对应字段telphone更新 --*/ --大致的处理步骤 --1.在 srv1 上创建连接服务器,以便在 srv1 操作 srv2,实现同步 exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv2','','SQLOLEDB','srv2的sql实例名或ip' exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv2','false',null,'用户名','密码' go --2.在 srv1 和 srv2 这两台电脑,启动 msdtc(分布式事务处理服务),并且设置为自动启动 。我的电脑--控制面板--管理工具--服务--右键 Distributed Transaction Coordinator--属性--启动--并将启动类型设置为自动启动 go --然后创建一个作业定时调用上面的同步处理存储过程就行了 企业管理器 --管理 --SQL Server代理 --右键作业 --新建作业 --"常规"项输入作业名称 --"步骤"项 --新建 --"步骤名"输入步骤名 --"类型"选择"Transact-SQL 脚本(TSQL)" --"数据库"选择执行命令的数据库 --"命令"输入要执行的语句: exec p_process --确定 --"调度"项 --新建调度 --"名称"输入调度名称 --"调度类型"选择你的作业执行安排 --如果选择"反复出现" --点"更改"来设置你的时间安排 然后将SQL Agent服务启动,并设置为自动启动,否则你的作业不会被执行 设置方法: 我的电脑--控制面板--管理工具--服务--右键 SQLSERVERAGENT--属性--启动类型--选择"自动启动"--确定. --3.实现同步处理的方法2,定时同步 --在srv1创建如下的同步处理存储过程 create proc p_process as --更新修改过的数据 update b set name=i.name,telphone=i.telphone from srv2.库名.dbo.author b,author i where b.id=i.id and (b.name i.name or b.telphone i.telphone) --插入新增的数据 insert srv2.库名.dbo.author(id,name,telphone) select id,name,telphone from author i where not exists( select * from srv2.库名.dbo.author where id=i.id) --删除已经删除的数据(如果需要的话) delete b from srv2.库名.dbo.author b where not exists( select * from author where id=b.id) go

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