>&8

knowingone 2015-12-07 11:06:02
在阅读openwrt项目的Makefile时,在recipe中发现了>&8的shell语句,请问这是什么意思呢
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nswcfd 2015-12-08
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是的,8号fd,估计前面有什么exec脚本命令把fd 8跟某个文件或设备关联起来
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>& 这个在shell中是重定向 stdout和stderr的意思
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引用 2 楼 sinat_30196907 的回复:
我知道。。。 我只是不清楚未指定的8是什么意思@linux_liyi
文件描述符?
knowingone 2015-12-07
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我知道。。。 我只是不清楚未指定的8是什么意思@linux_liyi
弃用了struts,用spring mvc框架做了几个项目,感觉都不错,而且使用了注解方式,可以省掉一大堆配置文件。本文主要介绍使用注解方式配置的spring mvc,之前写的spring3.0 mvc和rest小例子没有介绍到数据层的内容,现在这一篇补上。下面开始贴代码。 文中用的框架版本:spring 3,hibernate 3,没有的,自己上网下。 先说web.xml配置: [java] view plaincopy 01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 02. 03. s3h3 04. 05. contextConfigLocation 06. classpath:applicationContext*.xml 07. 08. 09. org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener 10. 11. 12. 13. spring 14. org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 15. 1 16. 17. 18. spring <!-- 这里在配成spring,下边也要写一个名为spring-servlet.xml的文件,主要用来配置它的controller --> 19. *.do 20. 21. 22. index.jsp 23. 24. spring-servlet,主要配置controller的信息 [java] view plaincopy 01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 02. 09. 10. 11. <!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean --> 12. 13. <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> 14. 15. 16. <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 --> 17. 19. 20. 23. applicationContext.xml代码 [java] view plaincopy 01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 02. 11. 12. 13. <!-- 自动扫描所有注解该路径 --> 14. 15. 16. 17. 19. 20. 21. 22. ${dataSource.dialect} 23. ${dataSource.hbm2ddl.auto} 24. update 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. com.mvc.entity>&lt;!-- 扫描实体类,也就是平时所说的model --> 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. <!-- Dao的实现 --> 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. hibernate.properties数据库连接配置 [java] view plaincopy 01.dataSource.password=123 02.dataSource.username=root 03.dataSource.databaseName=test 04.dataSource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 05.dataSource.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect 06.dataSource.serverName=localhost:3306 07.dataSource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test 08.dataSource.properties=user=${dataSource.username};databaseName=${dataSource.databaseName};serverName=${dataSource.serverName};password=${dataSource.password} 09.dataSource.hbm2ddl.auto=update 配置已经完成,下面开始例子 先在数据库建表,例子用的是mysql数据库 [java] view plaincopy 01.CREATE TABLE `test`.`student` ( 02. `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 03. `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL, 04. `psw` varchar(45) NOT NULL, 05. PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 06.) 建好表后,生成实体类 [java] view plaincopy 01.package com.mvc.entity; 02. 03.import java.io.Serializable; 04. 05.import javax.persistence.Basic; 06.import javax.persistence.Column; 07.import javax.persistence.Entity; 08.import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 09.import javax.persistence.GenerationType; 10.import javax.persistence.Id; 11.import javax.persistence.Table; 12. 13.@Entity 14.@Table(name = "student") 15.public class Student implements Serializable { 16. private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 17. @Id 18. @Basic(optional = false) 19. @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 20. @Column(name = "id", nullable = false) 21. private Integer id; 22. @Column(name = "name") 23. private String user; 24. @Column(name = "psw") 25. private String psw; 26. public Integer getId() { 27. return id; 28. } 29. public void setId(Integer id) { 30. this.id = id; 31. } 32. 33. public String getUser() { 34. return user; 35. } 36. public void setUser(String user) { 37. this.user = user; 38. } 39. public String getPsw() { 40. return psw; 41. } 42. public void setPsw(String psw) { 43. this.psw = psw; 44. } 45.} Dao层实现 [java] view plaincopy 01.package com.mvc.dao; 02. 03.import java.util.List; 04. 05.public interface EntityDao { 06. public List<Object> createQuery(final String queryString); 07. public Object save(final Object model); 08. public void update(final Object model); 09. public void delete(final Object model); 10.} [java] view plaincopy 01.package com.mvc.dao; 02. 03.import java.util.List; 04. 05.import org.hibernate.Query; 06.import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback; 07.import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport; 08. 09.public class EntityDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements EntityDao{ 10. public List<Object> createQuery(final String queryString) { 11. return (List<Object>) getHibernateTemplate().execute( 12. new HibernateCallback<Object>() { 13. public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session) 14. throws org.hibernate.HibernateException { 15. Query query = session.createQuery(queryString); 16. List<Object> rows = query.list(); 17. return rows; 18. } 19. }); 20. } 21. public Object save(final Object model) { 22. return getHibernateTemplate().execute( 23. new HibernateCallback<Object>() { 24. public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session) 25. throws org.hibernate.HibernateException { 26. session.save(model); 27. return null; 28. } 29. }); 30. } 31. public void update(final Object model) { 32. getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() { 33. public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session) 34. throws org.hibernate.HibernateException { 35. session.update(model); 36. return null; 37. } 38. }); 39. } 40. public void delete(final Object model) { 41. getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() { 42. public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session) 43. throws org.hibernate.HibernateException { 44. session.delete(model); 45. return null; 46. } 47. }); 48. } 49.} Dao在applicationContext.xml注入 Dao只有一个类的实现,直接供其它service层调用,如果你想更换为其它的Dao实现,也只需修改这里的配置就行了。 开始写view页面,WEB-INF/view下新建页面student.jsp,WEB-INF/view这路径是在spring-servlet.xml文件配置的,你可以配置成其它,也可以多个路径。student.jsp代码 [xhtml] view plaincopy 01.<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 02. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 03.<%@ include file="/include/head.jsp"%> 04. 05.<html> 06.<head> 07.<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 08.<title>添加</title> 09. 11.// -->>&lt;!-- 13.table{ border-collapse:collapse; } 14.td{ border:1px solid #f00; } 15.-->>&lt;style mce_bogus="1">table{ border-collapse:collapse; } 16.td{ border:1px solid #f00; }</style> 17.>&lt;!-- 18.function add(){ 19. [removed].href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/student.do?method=add"; 20.} 21. 22.function del(id){ 23.$.ajax( { 24. type : "POST", 25. url : "<%=request.getContextPath()%>/student.do?method=del&id;=" + id, 26. dataType: "json", 27. success : function(data) { 28. if(data.del == "true"){ 29. alert("删除成功!"); 30. $("#" + id).remove(); 31. } 32. else{ 33. alert("删除失败!"); 34. } 35. }, 36. error :function(){ 37. alert("网络连接出错!"); 38. } 39.}); 40.} 41.// --> 47. 48. 序号 49. 姓名 50. 密码 51. 操作 52. 53. 54. "> 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. <input type="button" value="编辑"/> 60. <input type="button" value="${student.id}"/>')" value="删除"/> 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.</body> 67.</html> student_add.jsp [xhtml] view plaincopy 01.<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" 02. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 03.<%@ include file="/include/head.jsp"%> 04. 05.<html> 06.<head> 07.<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> 08.<title>学生添加</title> 09.>&lt;!-- 10.function turnback(){ 11. [removed].href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/student.do"; 12.} 13.// --> 17.
18. 19. >&lt;input id="user" name="user" type="text" /></td> 20. >&lt;input id="psw" name="psw" type="text" /></td> 21. 22.
姓名
密码
>&lt;input type="submit" value="提交"/><input type="button" value="返回" />
23. 24.</form> 25.</body> 26.</html> controller类实现,只需把注解写上,spring就会自动帮你找到相应的bean,相应的注解标记意义,不明白的,可以自己查下@Service,@Controller,@Entity等等的内容。 [java] view plaincopy 01.package com.mvc.controller; 02. 03.import java.util.List; 04. 05.import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 06.import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 07. 08.import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; 09.import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; 10.import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 11.import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 12.import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; 13.import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 14.import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 15.import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 16.import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 17. 18.import com.mvc.entity.Student; 19.import com.mvc.service.StudentService; 20. 21.@Controller 22.@RequestMapping("/student.do") 23.public class StudentController { 24. protected final transient Log log = LogFactory 25. .getLog(StudentController.class); 26. @Autowired 27. private StudentService studentService; 28. public StudentController(){ 29. 30. } 31. 32. @RequestMapping 33. public String load(ModelMap modelMap){ 34. List<Object> list = studentService.getStudentList(); 35. modelMap.put("list", list); 36. return "student"; 37. } 38. 39. @RequestMapping(params = "method=add") 40. public String add(HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap modelMap) throws Exception{ 41. return "student_add"; 42. } 43. 44. @RequestMapping(params = "method=save") 45. public String save(HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap modelMap){ 46. String user = request.getParameter("user"); 47. String psw = request.getParameter("psw"); 48. Student st = new Student(); 49. st.setUser(user); 50. st.setPsw(psw); 51. try{ 52. studentService.save(st); 53. modelMap.put("addstate", "添加成功"); 54. } 55. catch(Exception e){ 56. log.error(e.getMessage()); 57. modelMap.put("addstate", "添加失败"); 58. } 59. 60. return "student_add"; 61. } 62. 63. @RequestMapping(params = "method=del") 64. public void del(@RequestParam("id") String id, HttpServletResponse response){ 65. try{ 66. Student st = new Student(); 67. st.setId(Integer.valueOf(id)); 68. studentService.delete(st); 69. response.getWriter().print("{/"del/":/"true/"}"); 70. } 71. catch(Exception e){ 72. log.error(e.getMessage()); 73. e.printStackTrace(); 74. } 75. } 76.} service类实现 [java] view plaincopy 01.package com.mvc.service; 02. 03.import java.util.List; 04. 05.import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 06.import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 07.import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; 08. 09.import com.mvc.dao.EntityDao; 10.import com.mvc.entity.Student; 11. 12.@Service 13.public class StudentService { 14. @Autowired 15. private EntityDao entityDao; 16. 17. @Transactional 18. public List<Object> getStudentList(){ 19. StringBuffer sff = new StringBuffer(); 20. sff.append("select a from ").append(Student.class.getSimpleName()).append(" a "); 21. List<Object> list = entityDao.createQuery(sff.toString()); 22. return list; 23. } 24. 25. public void save(Student st){ 26. entityDao.save(st); 27. } 28. public void delete(Object obj){ 29. entityDao.delete(obj); 30. } 31.} OK,例子写完。有其它业务内容,只需直接新建view,并实现相应comtroller和service就行了,配置和dao层的内容基本不变,也就是每次只需写jsp(view),controller和service调用dao就行了。 怎样,看了这个,spring mvc是不是比ssh实现更方便灵活。
  一、序言····················································································································· 4 二、需求分析说明书···································································································· 4 2.1系统介绍................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2系统面向的用户群体............................................................................................................................. 4 2.3系统的功能性需求................................................................................................................................. 4 2.4系统的非功能性需求............................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.1用户界面需求.................................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.2软硬件环境需求.............................................................................................................................. 5 2.4.3软件质量需求.................................................................................................................................. 5 三、可行性分析报告···································································································· 5 3.1技术可行性............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2人员可能性............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.3时间、设备可能性................................................................................................................................. 5 3.4系统工作量............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.5代码工作量............................................................................................................................................. 5 3.6文档要求................................................................................................................................................. 5 四、开发环境与项目规划····························································································· 5 4.1开发环境................................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2项目规划与管理..................................................................................................................................... 5 4.2.1开发人员安排.................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2.2开发进度安排.................................................................................................................................. 6 五、软件界面设计标准与规范······················································································ 6 5.1编写目的................................................................................................................................................. 6 5.2界面设计思想......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.3界面设计原则......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.4界面设计样式......................................................................................................................................... 6 5.5常见提示信息样式................................................................................................................................. 6 5.6常见错误信息样式................................................................................................................................. 7 5.7其他界面约定......................................................................................................................................... 7 六、软件编码设计标准与规范······················································································ 7 6.1对象命名约定......................................................................................................................................... 7 6.2常量和变量命名约定............................................................................................................................. 8 6.3结构化编码约定..................................................................................................................................... 8 6.4数据源的约定......................................................................................................................................... 9 6.5数据库访问约定..................................................................................................................................... 9 6.6其他约定................................................................................................................................................. 9 七、数据库分析与设计································································································ 10 7.1数据库环境说明...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.2数据库命名标准与规范.......................................................................................................................... 10 7.3数据库逻辑设计...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.4数据库物理设计...................................................................................................................................... 10 7.4.1表、视图汇总.................................................................................................................................. 10 7.4.2各表、视图设计详解...................................................................................................................... 11 八、软件体系结构设计说明书······················································································ 15 8.1系统概述................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.2设计约束................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.3设计策略................................................................................................................................................. 15 8.4系统概要设计说明书............................................................................................................................. 16 8.4.1图例说明.......................................................................................................................................... 16 8.4.2系统总体结构图.............................................................................................................................. 16 8.4.3销售子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.4.4进货子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.4.5退货子系统流程图.......................................................................................................................... 17 8.5系统详细设计说明书............................................................................................................................. 17 8.5.1系统模块汇总.................................................................................................................................. 17 8.5.2系统核心模块详解.......................................................................................................................... 18 8.5.3系统模块详解.................................................................................................................................. 28 九、用户界面设计报告································································································ 42 9.1界面设计规范......................................................................................................................................... 42 9.2系统窗体汇总......................................................................................................................................... 42 9.3主界面设计............................................................................................................................................. 43 9.4子界面设计............................................................................................................................................. 43 9.5界面资源设计......................................................................................................................................... 44 十、软件测试分析报告································································································ 44 10.1测试范围与主要内容........................................................................................................................... 44 10.2测试方法............................................................................................................................................... 44 10.3测试报告............................................................................................................................................... 44 10.4改进建议与措施................................................................................................................................... 45 十一、软件使用说明书····························································&

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