spring bean 的注册顺序及依赖注入问题

[sunkaigoon]

各位好！
我用java spring mvc 做一个app的后台项目，遇到了一个问题。
我权限管理用的是shiro框架，自定义了一个realm，realm里面采用@Autowired注入了一个名为loginService的bean，同时realm注册到spring。LoginServiceImpl类实现了LoginService接口，并用@Service注解扫描注入LoginServiceImpl，名为loginService。当我启动项目时报错，提示注册realm失败，因为loginService这个bean不存在。

项目配置：
1、web.xml

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext_*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
   
    <filter>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
      
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>cloudServlet</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:config/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>cloudServlet</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

2、applicationContext_shiro.xml

    <bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
        <property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager"/>
        <property name="sessionMode" value="native"/>
        <property name="realm" ref="hfrealm"/>
        <property name="sessionManager" ref="hfsessionManager"/>
    </bean>
	<bean id="hf_session_listener" class="com.hf.hfmo.shiro.hf_session_listener"></bean>
	<bean id="hfsessionManager" class="com.hf.hfmo.shiro.SessionManager">
		<property name="globalSessionTimeout" value="86400000" />
		<property name="sessionListeners" ref="hf_session_listener">
		</property>
		<property name="sessionValidationInterval" value="3600000"></property>
	</bean>
    <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManager"> </bean>
    <bean id="hfrealm" class="com.hf.hfmo.shiro.OrientDbRealm">
        <property name="name" value="OrientDbRealm"/>
        <property name="credentialsMatcher">
            <bean class="org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.AllowAllCredentialsMatcher">
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"
          depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
    <bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
        <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="secureRemoteInvocationExecutor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.remoting.SecureRemoteInvocationExecutor">
        <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
        <property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
        <property name="loginUrl" value="/consumer/login"/>
        <property name="successUrl" value="/s/index"/>
        <property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/s/unauthorized"/>
        <property name="filterChainDefinitions">
            <value>
                /favicon.ico = anon
                /logo.png = anon
                /index.html = anon
                /shiro.css = anon
                /consumer/login = anon
                /consumer/regist = anon
                /messages/** = authc
                /information/** = anon
                # allow WebStart to pull the jars for the swing app:
                /*.jar = anon
                # everything else requires authentication:
                /** = authc
            </value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

3、realm

@Component
public class OrientDbRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

  private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(OrientDbRealm.class);

  @Autowired
  private LoginService loginService;
  
  @Override
  protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(
      final AuthenticationToken token)
      throws AuthenticationException {
    final HFUsernamePasswordToken credentials = (HFUsernamePasswordToken) token;
    final String username = credentials.getUsername();
    if (username == null) {
    	logger.warn("Userame is null");
    	return null;
    }
	HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
	map.put("telephone", username);
	map.put("pwd", new String(credentials.getPassword()));
	//final User user = userRepository.findByEmailAndActive(email, true);
	User user = loginService.findUser(map);
	if (user == null) {
		//throw new UnknownAccountException("Account does not exist");
		logger.warn("Account does not exist");
		return null;
	}
    return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(username, credentials.getPassword(),
        ByteSource.Util.bytes(username), getName());
  }

	@Override
	protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

}

4、错误内容：
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.hf.consumer.login.LoginService com.hf.hfmo.shiro.OrientDbRealm.loginService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.hf.consumer.login.LoginService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:571)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331)
... 42 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.hf.consumer.login.LoginService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1326)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1072)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:967)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:543)
... 44 more


是不是因为我的applicationContext_shiro.xml在dispatcher-servlet.xml之前加载，那么当注册realm时尚未对@Service标记的bean进行注册，所以realm内用@Autowired注入时找不到bean。难道spring不会等所有的bean都注册完了再进行依赖注入吗？请问我这里怎么处理比较好？
能不能推荐一些这方面的比较好的文章，十分感谢！

[sunkaigoon]

@xiekuntarena 其一： 自动扫描是这样的 @Service(value="loginService") public class LoginServiceImpl implements LoginService{} 这种用@Autowired应当没有问题。 其二： 我刚刚将@Autowired改成@Resource和@Resource(name="loginService")还是报错，找不到bean 其三： @Autowired private LoginService loginService; 这种自动注入在其它类中也用了，没有报错。 所以感觉不是这个问题。。。

[李德胜1995]

@Autowired默认按类型装配，默认要求依赖的对象必须存在，@Resource如果没有指定name，又没有指定type，则自动按照byName方式进行装配；如果没有匹配，也会按照类型匹配。。。。。应该检查一下service是否有扫描到吧

[sunkaigoon]

@pany1209 就是这个问题，我觉得是不是在加载shiro配置文件时开始注册realm，此时还没有加载dispatcher.xml导致@Service没有进行自动扫描。如果是这样的话，我这里是不是就不能用这个service了

[月明星稀灬]

引用 4 楼 sunkaigoon 的回复:

@pany1209 就是这个问题，我觉得是不是在加载shiro配置文件时开始注册realm，此时还没有加载dispatcher.xml导致@Service没有进行自动扫描。如果是这样的话，我这里是不是就不能用这个service了

感觉你这个配置文件里面的bean的名字都有点乱啊，随便取的名字？

[月明星稀灬]

要不然清个缓存试一试？

[李德胜1995]

引用 4 楼 sunkaigoon 的回复:

@pany1209 就是这个问题，我觉得是不是在加载shiro配置文件时开始注册realm，此时还没有加载dispatcher.xml导致@Service没有进行自动扫描。如果是这样的话，我这里是不是就不能用这个service了

你的@component和@service扫描的配置看一下。。。

[月明星稀灬]

@Autowired 按类型注入 @Resource 按bean名注入，显然你在xml里面配置了bean指定了bean的名称，所以你注入的时候要配合@Resource注解使用

[sunkaigoon]

最后还是配置文件扫描顺序原因。context-param的配置文件先扫描，那么先注册这些配置文件中的bean。而注解扫描配置在applicationContext_shiro.xml里面，这个文件是最后被扫描的，所以注解扫描自动注册的bean在一开始或者说在注册context-param的配置文件中声明的bean是还不存在，所以会报错。

[huahua035]

OrientDbRealm 实现InitializingBean 接口

[huahua035]

这种情况，属于xml配置的bean和annotation的bean混用，造成父Bean初始化化，子Bean还没有初始化的情况

[chenhua141]

这个要看你有没有先注册了LoginService的实现类,如果没有,直接在applicationContext.xml注册LoginService就可以了.