Format Specification Fields: scanf and wscanf Functions
A format specification has the following form:
%
[width] [{h | l | I64 | L}]type
The format argument specifies the interpretation of the input and can contain one or more of the following:
White-space characters: blank (' '); tab ('\t'); or newline ('\n'). A white-space character causes scanf to read, but not store, all consecutive white-space characters in the input up to the next non–white-space character. One white-space character in the format matches any number (including 0) and combination of white-space characters in the input.
Non–white-space characters, except for the percent sign (%). A non–white-space character causes scanf to read, but not store, a matching non–white-space character. If the next character in stdin does not match, scanf terminates.
Format specifications, introduced by the percent sign (%).