ADC-Measurement-1222-2004下载

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该文档介绍了ADC的使用方法，以及adc输入滤波电阻电容参数的选择
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该文档介绍了ADC的使用方法，以及adc输入滤波电阻电容参数的选择

详细分析ADC的输入噪声问题和解决方案。 In this discussion we have considered the input-referred noise, common to all ADCs. In precision, low-frequency measurement applications, effects of this noise can be reduced by digitally averaging the ADC output data, using lower sampling rates and additional hardware. While the resolution of the ADC can actually be increased by this averaging process, integral-nonlinearity errors are not reduced. Only a small amount of input-referred noise is needed to increase the resolution by the averaging technique; however, use of increased noise requires a larger number of samples in the average, so a point of diminishing returns is reached.

This dissertation proposes three circuit design techniques for successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). According to the measurement results of the proof-of-concept prototypes, the proposed techniques are able to improve the operating speed and achieve excellent energy efficiency. The proposed techniques and chip measurement results are sketched as follows: The first technique is a monotonic capacitor switching procedure. Compared to converters that use the conventional procedure, the average switching energy and total sampling capacitance are reduced by about 81.3% and 50%, respectively. A 10-bit, 50-MS/s SAR ADC with the proposed monotonic capacitor switching procedure is implemented in a 0.13-μm 1P8M CMOS technology. The prototype ADC consumes 0.92 mW from a 1.2-V supply, and the effective number of bit (ENOB) is 8.48 bits. The resulting figure of merit (FOM) is 52 fJ/conversion-step. However, the signal-dependent offset caused by the variation of the input common-mode voltage degrades the linearity of ADC. We proposed an improved comparator design to avoid the linearity degradation. Besides, to avoid a clock signal with frequency higher than sampling rate, we used an asynchronous control circuit to internally generate the necessary control signals. The revised prototype is also implemented in a 0.13-μm 1P8M CMOS technology. It consumes 0.826 mW from a 1.2-V supply and achieves an ENOB of 9.18 bits. The resultant FOM is 29 fJ/conversion-step.

5G/ADC/BIOA transistor level implementation of a 3 bit digital harmonic canceling (DHC) digital to analog converter (DAC), and a 10 bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) is designed. The circuits are intended to be a part of a bio-impedance measurement system in which a current is injected into the myocardium tissue and blood pool for the purpose of determining the heart’s stroke volume. The DHC DAC injects a 100 µArms current at a 20 kHz fundamental frequency using appropriately weighted current mirrors from a 160 kHz square-wave reference clock. A fs = 160 kS/s ADC is designed with synchronous SAR logic, bottom-plate sampling, and a charge-redistribution capacitive DAC.

CPU-Z Readme file ------------------ Version 1.47 August 2008 Contact : cpuz@cpuid.com Web page: http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php Validation page : http://valid.x86-secret.com/ Forum : http://forum.x86-secret.com/forumdisplay.php?f=16 CPUID SDK : http://www.cpuid-pro.com/devkits.php CPU-Z is a freeware and can be freely distributed. Configuration file (cpuz.ini) ------------------------------ The configuration file must be named cpuz.ini and be present at the same directory level as cpuz.exe. It contains the following : [CPU-Z] TextFontName=Verdana TextFontSize=13 TextFontColor=000060 LabelFontName=Verdana LabelFontSize=13 PCI=ON MaxPCIBus=256 DMI=ON Sensor=ON SMBus=ON Display=ON - TextFontName : Font used for the information boxes. - TextFontSize : Size of the font used for the information boxes. - TextFontColor : Color of the font used for the information boxes. Value is expressed in hexadecimal, and consists in a classic Red/Green/Blue color code : RRGGBB - LabelFontName : Font used for the label boxes. - LabelFontSize : Size of the font used for the label boxes. - Sensor : Set to OFF disables sensor chip detection and voltages measurement. - PCI : Set to OFF disables the PCI information. This disables chipset, SPD and, depending on the hardware, sensoring information. - MaxPCIBus : Sets the maximum PCI bus to scan. Default value is 256. - DMI : Set to OFF disables the DMI (Desktop Management Interface) information. This concerns BIOS vendor and version, motherboard vendor and revision. - SMBus : Set to OFF disables SMBus information : SPD, and, depending on the hardware, sensoring information. - Display : Set to OFF disables the video card information reported in the validator. Parameters ---------- -txt=filename : Launch CPU-Z in ghost mode (no interface appears) and generates the register dump file (.txt) in the same directory as the exe file. -html=filename : Same as "-txt" except it generates the html report. -core=id : Displays clock speed of core #id (id can be set from 0 to Number of cores minus one). Keys ---- F5 : save the current tab in a bmp file F6 : save the current tab in the clipboard F7 : save cvf file in the current directory Cache Latency Tool ------------------ The cache latency tool can be downloaded at that address : http://www.cpuid.com/download/latency.zip History ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.47 - August 2008 - Intel Core i7 processor. - Intel Core 2 Duo S Mobile processors. - NVIDIA MCP79/7A chipset. - AMD 790GX / SB750 chipset. MD5 cpuz.exe (1.47) : A7484EFA3C32BC968C248CB1237FF493 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.46 - June 2008 - AMD Puma platform (Turion & Turion Ultra "Griffin"); - AMD Black Edition processors. - Intel Xeon EX "Dunnington". MD5 cpuz.exe (1.46) : C47432C41EC26156128F7B8E09E884CF -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.45 - May 2008 - Intel Atom Z500/Z510/Z520/Z530/Z540 processors. - Intel Core 2 Duo E7x00 processor. - AMD 45 nm Phenom (Dened & Shanghai) processors. - Intel P45 chipset. MD5 cpuz.exe (1.45) : DD4E540C04297CF93DC721166C13446E -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.44.2 - Mars 2008 - NVIDIA 650i, 680i, 750a/780a, 750i, 780i, 790i chipsets (1.44.2) - Intel G35 chipset (1.44.2) - Updated support for VIA chipsets (1.44.2) - Support for the new validator (1.44.1) - Preliminary support for VIA Isaiah processor. - Support for all VIA Model D processors: VIA C7-M, VIA C7-D, VIA Eden, VIA Eden. - Memory timings on Intel 5400A/B MCH (Skulltrail). - Fix AMD Phenom detection issue on Windows Vista 64. MD5 (1.44.2) : 81FB48A6EC7355E8D0DD71ADC2157CF6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.43 - January 2008 - Intel Skulltrail platform support (Core 2 Extreme QX9775 + 5400B MCH). - Intel X48 chipset detection. - AMD Athlon 64-LE 1600 and 1620 support. - Fix detection issues on unlocked Phenom (ES/BE). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.42 - November 2007 - Intel Wolfdale/Yorkfield/Penryn CPUs support. - AMD Phenom and Opteron Barcelona support improved. - Current core selection menu (right click on the CPU page). - Loading progress. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.41 - September 2007 - New CPU voltage monitoring. - Intel Xeon Tigerton support. - Intel IA64 CPUs support (Itanium / Itanium2)(special thanks to Rami Radi and Ray Hinchliffe). - AMD K10 Phenom preliminary support. - NVIDIA MCP73 support. - Intel XMP profiles support. - Memory modules nominal voltage. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.40.5 - July 2007 - NVIDIA nForce 560 chipset support. - Intel Dynamic FSB technology support. - Athlon 64 X2 BE & Sempron LE (TDP 45W). - SiS671/FX/DX/MX northbridge support. - SiS968 southbridge support. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.40 - May 2007 - VIA P4M800CE chipset support. - Preliminary support for Intel Penryn CPUs family (45 nm). - Intel Core 2 Duo E6x20, Pentium E2140/2160 processors recognition. - Intel P35, G33, G31, Q35, Q33, X38 chipsets support. - Intel GL960/GM965/PM965 chipsets support. - AMD Athlon 64 "Lima" processor support. - AMD Geode LX processor support. - NVIDIA nForce 520 chipset support. - New parameter "-console" to generate output in a command prompt (Windows XP only). - New icon. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.39 - February 2007 - Windows Vista 64 support. - VIA CX700/VX700 chipset. - Added Merom XE (X7900/X7800) - Added "PCI" and "MaxPCIBus" in the ini file to configure PCI scanning. - Added "-core" parameter to display the clock speed of the specified core. - Lot of bug fixes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.38 - November 2006 - VIA P4M890 and P4M900 chipsets. - NVIDIA 650i and 680i chipset. - AMD Athlon 64 FX-7x processor. - Core 2 Duo E6850, E6750, E6650 processors. - socket 775 Xeon processor. - New parameters "-txt" and "-html" (see above). - Lot of bug fixes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.37 - October 2006 - Intel Core 2 Quad, Celeron 360, Mobile Core 2 Duo T5200 support. - Changed SSE4 to SSSE3 (Supplemental SSE3). - Added VIA VT8237A southbridge. - New HTML report. - Several bug fixes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.36 - August 2006 - New processor information display. - Intel 5000X/P/Z/V SPD support. - Intel Pentium D 925 & 945. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.35 - June 2006 - ATI RS350, RS400, RS480/RX480, RS482, RD580/RX580, RS600/RD600, RS690, RS700 chipsets support. - ATI SB600 southbridge support. - Intel P965 chipset support. - Engineering samples Core based CPUs report. - Windows Vista product line report. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.34.1 - May 2006 - AMD socket AM2/S1/F (rev F.) CPUs support. - Enhanced Performance Profile (EPP) memory information report. - Added Trc (bank cycle time) in DDR2 SPD report. - Added Trc (bank cycle time) on i925, i945, i955, i975 chipsets. - FB-DIMM DDR2 SPD information report. - Core 2 Duo names and logos added. - Turion 64 X2 logo added. - Several bug fixed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.33.1 - April 2006 - Intel i965 chipset support added. - Fix SPD detection problem on SiS 964/965/966 southbridges. - ODC (Odd Divisor Correct) for Athlon64 rev E. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.33 - April 2006 - Memory Command Rate timing added. - Improved support for Intel Conroe/Merom CPUs. - Celeron M 420/430 Yonah. - Xeon Dual core Dempsey. - VIA C7-M CPU detection added. - VIA PT880, PT880 Pro, K8T900 chipsets support. - nVidia nForce 550/560/570 (MCP55) chipset support. - VIA VT8251 southbridge support. - Fixed HyperTransport information misreports (in dump file). - Added K6-2 and K6-III logos. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.32.1 - March 2006 - New Intel logos. - Added Pentium D 925, Pentium EE 965. - Several bugs fixed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.32 - February 2006 - Athlon FX-60 detection added. - Athlon64 new memory dividers. - Celeron 35x Cedar Mill, Pentium D 805. - Core Solo & Core Duo detection improved. - VIA C7 CPU detection added. - Intel i975X, i945GT chipsets support. - ATI RD580 chipset support. - ULi smbus support improved. - Fix smbus conflict with ClockGen. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.31 - November 2005 - Improved support for ATI RS480/482 chipsets. - GeForce 6100/6150 (nForce 410/430) chipsets support. - Intel E7520 chipset support. - New CPUs support : AMD Opteron socket 939, Intel Pentium 4 Cedar Mill and Presler, Intel Xeon Paxville, Intel Pentium M Yonah SC & DC. - Several bug fixed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.30 - August 2005 - Latest Sempron and Turion support improved. - Intel Xeon Potomac, Pentium M 780 support. - Improved Windows version report. - Support for SMBus on latest SiS bridges (964, 965, 966) and ULi bridges. - Increased clocks refresh rate. - Several bug fixed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.29 - June 2005 - New PCI devices report. - Switch for VCore report in .ini file. - VCore report on some uGuru mainboards. - Improved clocks computation. - Improved support for latest AMD CPUs, Celeron D 3x1 (EM64T). - Improved support for SiS 649, 650 and 656 chipsets, Intel 915PM chipset. - Improved stability when several instances of CPU-Z are running in the same time. - Restored html report in ghost mode (see "Parameters" chapter above). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.28.6 - March 2005 - Support for Athlon 64 X2 CPUs - Support for i955X chipset - Bunch of bugs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.28 - March 2005 - Support for SiS chipsets improved : 648FX, 649, 655FX, 655TX, 656 - Support for nVidia nForce4 SLI Intel Edition - Support for Intel Pentium D, Pentium XE, AMD Turion, Opteron 252 - New F7 key to simplifiy the creation of the validation file -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.27 - February 2005 - Support for Intel Pentium 4 6xx CPUs. - New validation system. - Hundred of bug fixes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.26 - December 2004 - VCore display on Pentium M CPUs. - New CPU clock computation. - Improved support of Transmeta CPUs. - Several bugs fixed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.25 - November 2004 - nVidia nForce4 chipset support - Intel Pentium 4J support - New button to refresh memory timings - Several bugs fixed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.24 - September 2004 - AMD Sempron support - New memory SPD page - PCI-Express graphic interface support - Configuration file - External cache latency tool - Restored html report - Fix several bugs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.23 - June 2004 - Intel i915P/G, i925X chipsets support - Intel LGA775 CPUs support - Intel's CPU number display - New AMD Athlon 64 steppings - New report in one file -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.22 - April 2004 - New CPUs : Xeon Nocona, Celeron Prescott - DDR2 memory support - Clock mode when iconized -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.21 - January 2004 - one file package - Windows 64 support - new chipsets support - new CPU support : Celeron M, Pentium 4 "Prescott" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.20a - October 2003 - memory frequency and ratio on nForce2 - KT600 support - W83627THF VRM mode - SPD read improvement - Fix some memory leaks (DMI) - Fix memory size report - Fix AGP side band status --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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