排序方法

小十七耶 2018-09-19 09:20:06
<div id="article_content" class="article_content clearfix csdn-tracking-statistics" data-pid="blog" data-mod="popu_307" data-dsm="post">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://csdnimg.cn/release/phoenix/template/css/ck_htmledit_views-e2445db1a8.css">
<div class="htmledit_views">

<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size:12px">作者:寒小阳<br>
</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">时间:2013年9月。<br>
</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">出处:<a target="_blank" href="http://blog.csdn.net/han_xiaoyang/article/details/12118943" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(202,0,0); text-decoration:none"></a><a target="_blank" href="http://blog.csdn.net/han_xiaoyang/article/details/12163251" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(202,0,0); text-decoration:none">http://blog.csdn.net/han_xiaoyang/article/details/12163251</a>。<br>
</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">声明:版权所有,转载请注明出处,谢谢。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<br>
</p>
<h1 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t0"></a><a target="_blank" name="t0" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">0、前言    </span></span></h1>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"> 从这一部分开始直接切入我们计算机互联网笔试面试中的重头戏算法了,初始的想法是找一条主线,比如数据结构或者解题思路方法,将博主见过做过整理过的算法题逐个分析一遍(博主当年自己学算法就是用这种比较笨的刷题学的,囧),不过又想了想,算法这东西,博主自己学的过程中一直深感,基础还是非常重要的,很多难题是基础类数据结构和题目的思想综合发散而来。比如说作为最基本的排序算法就种类很多,而事实上笔试面试过程中发现掌握的程度很一般,有很多题目,包括很多算法难题,其母题或者基本思想就是基于这些经典算法的,比如说快排的partition算法,比如说归并排序中的思想,比如说桶排序中桶的思想。</span><br>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">        这里对笔试面试最常涉及到的12种排序算法(包括</span><strong><span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312">插入排序、二分插入排序、希尔排序、选择排序、冒泡排序、鸡尾酒排序、快速排序、堆排序、归并排序、桶排序、计数排序和基数排序</span></strong><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">)进行了详解。每一种算法都有</span><span style="font-family:FangSong_GB2312; color:rgb(255,0,0)">基本介绍、算法原理分析、图解/flash演示/视频演示、算法代码、笔试面试重点分析、笔试面试题</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">等板块,希望能帮助大家真正理解这些排序算法,并能使用这些算法的思想解决一些题。不多说了,下面就进入正题了。</span></p>
<h1 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t1"></a><a target="_blank" name="t1" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">一、插入排序</span></h1>
<h2 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t2"></a><a target="_blank" name="t2" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">1)算法简介</span></h2>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">        插入排序(Insertion Sort)的算法描述是一种简单直观的排序算法。它的工作原理是通过</span><span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(255,0,0)">构建有序序列,对于未排序数据,在已排序序列中从后向前扫描,找到相应位置并插入</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">。插入排序在实现上,通常采用in-place排序(即只需用到O(1)的额外空间的排序),因而在从后向前扫描过程中,</span><span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(255,0,0)">需要反复把已排序元素逐步向后挪位</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">,为最新元素提供插入空间。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<h2 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t3"></a><a target="_blank" name="t3" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">2)算法描述和分析</span></h2>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">    一般来说,插入排序都采用in-place在数组上实现。具体算法描述如下:</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    1、从第一个元素开始,该元素可以认为已经被排序</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    2、取出下一个元素,在已经排序的元素序列中从后向前扫描</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    3、如果该元素(已排序)大于新元素,将该元素移到下一位置</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    4、重复步骤3,直到找到已排序的元素小于或者等于新元素的位置</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    5、将新元素插入到该位置后</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(51,51,255)">    6、重复步骤2~5</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">        如果目标是把n个元素的序列升序排列,那么采用插入排序存在最好情况和最坏情况。最好情况就是,序列已经是升序排列了,在这种情况下,需要进行的比较操作需(n-1)次即可。最坏情况就是,序列是降序排列,那么此时需要进行的比较共有n(n-1)/2次。插入排序的赋值操作是比较操作的次数减去(n-1)次。平均来说</span><span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312; color:rgb(255,0,0)">插入排序算法复杂度为O(n^2)</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">。因而,插入排序不适合对于数据量比较大的排序应用。但是,如果需要排序的数据量很小,例如,量级小于千,那么插入排序还是一个不错的选择。 插入排序在工业级库中也有着广泛的应用,在STL的sort算法和stdlib的qsort算法中,都将插入排序作为快速排序的补充,用于少量元素的排序(通常为8个或以下)。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<h2 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t4"></a><a target="_blank" name="t4" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">3)算法图解、flash演示、视频演示</span></h2>
<h3 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t5"></a><a target="_blank" name="t5" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">图解:</span></h3>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; text-align:center">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20130929144225312?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvaGFuX3hpYW95YW5n/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" style="border:none; max-width:100%"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<h3 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t6"></a><a target="_blank" name="t6" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">Flash:</span></h3>
<div style="font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"><strong><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tjbpi.com/jpk/shujujiegou/flash/%B5%DA%CA%AE%D2%BB%D5%C2%20%C5%C5%D0%F2/%D6%B1%BD%D3%B2%E5%C8%EB%C5%C5%D0%F2.swf" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(202,0,0); text-decoration:none">http://www.tjbpi.com/jpk/shujujiegou/flash/%B5%DA%CA%AE%D2%BB%D5%C2%20%C5%C5%D0%F2/%D6%B1%BD%D3%B2%E5%C8%EB%C5%C5%D0%F2.swf</a><br>
</strong></span></div>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<h3 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t7"></a><a target="_blank" name="t7" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">视频:插入排序舞蹈</span></h3>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<a target="_blank" href="http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjU4NTY5MzEy.html" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(202,0,0); text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'">http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjU4NTY5MzEy.html</span></span></a></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
</p>
<h2 style="margin:0px; padding:0px; font-family:Arial; line-height:26px"><a name="t8"></a><a target="_blank" name="t8" style="color:rgb(202,0,0)"></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:14px">4)算法代码</span></h2>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"></spa
...全文
196 2 打赏 收藏 转发到动态 举报
写回复
用AI写文章
2 条回复
切换为时间正序
请发表友善的回复…
发表回复
三狸酱 2021-01-12
  • 打赏
  • 举报
回复
写的真不错,请问可以转载吗!
verejava 2018-09-25
  • 打赏
  • 举报
回复
数据结构算法 之 二分法折半查找 http://www.verejava.com/?id=173042223942111

249

社区成员

发帖
与我相关
我的任务
社区描述
其他产品/厂家
社区管理员
  • 其他
加入社区
  • 近7日
  • 近30日
  • 至今
社区公告
暂无公告

试试用AI创作助手写篇文章吧