WebLogic Support Patterns下载

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WebLogic Server故障诊断最佳实践。

非常好weblogic诊断教程 Oracle WebLogic Server 10g R3: Troubleshooting Methodologies Duration: 3 Days What you will learn This course teaches the steps to identify the symptoms and causes of the issues, the method of investigating the issues and the ways ofresolving the issues in various types of environments. This course provides administrators with the tools for supporting an enterprise infrastructure and helps to significantly improve operational efficiencies. Learn to: Identify, investigate, and resolve issues while administering WLS Use tools that support diagnosis of issues and help resolve the issues Audience Web Administrator Prerequisites Required Prerequisites Oracle WebLogic Server 10g R3: System Administration Suggested Prerequisites Basic knowledge of the Java programming language Working knowledge of the Java Virtual Machine Working knowledge with Linux Operating System Course Objectives List the uses of software patterns when troubleshooting Identify common system problematic behavior Describe the causes of and identify how to investigate problematic behavior List the steps to resolve the behavior causing the problems Course Topics Introduction to Diagnostic Patterns Overview of Patterns What is a Pattern Identifying Support Pattern Methodology Why Use Support Patterns Identifying Support Pattern Resources Common Diagnostic Tools JVM Management: Java SE 6.0 Monitoring and Management Architecture Identifying Processes and Threads Obtaining a Thread Dump Using WLS Memory: Define Java Heap Garbage Collection Review Configuring JRockit Heap Server Core Dump Pattern Identifying Server Core Dump Pattern Symptoms and Causes of a Server Core Dump Identifying Why Core File is Not Produced Investigating Causes of Server Core Dump Overview of Investigation Overview of Core File Tools Overview of Standard Investigation Tools Creating Troubleshooting Checklist Generic Server Hang Pattern Symptoms and Causes of a Server Hang Investigation of Server Hang Basic Investigation Steps View the Execute Threads Thread Dump on a Running Server Analysis and Troubleshooting Investigation Results Setting Server Thread Counts Troubleshooting Strategy Identifying High CPU Usage Pattern and Describing Resolution Steps Identifying High CPU Usage Pattern Review: Processes and Threads Investigating High CPU Usage: On Solaris, Linux, and Windows OS Analyzing the Server Instance to Determine What Threads are Causing the Issue Using the Analyzed Information to Identify Areas Where Performance Tuning is Required Analyzing and Diagnosing Out of Memory/Memory Leak Patterns Review of General Memory Concepts: Java Heap, Native Memory, and Memory Leaks Investigating Java Heap Out of Memory Errors Review Garbage Collection and Object References Symptoms, Causes, and Troubleshooting of Out of Memory in Java Heap Investigating Out of Native Memory Conditions Review: Process Size, Virtual vs. Physical Memory Symptoms, Causes, and Troubleshooting of Native Out of Memory Conditions Generic JDBC Pattern Understanding Generic JDBC Pattern Review: JDBC Database, Datasources, Connection Pool, and Statement Cache Investigating JDBC Problems Server Startup: Failed Pool Creation Causes of Resource Exceptions Overview of Insufficient Connections Troubleshooting WebLogic Server Crashes Troubleshooting WebLogic Server or Application Hangs and Memory Leaks Troubleshooting Too Many Open Files Pattern Symptoms, Causes, and Troubleshooting of Too Many Open Files Problem Copyright

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Not Using Commons Logging ................................................................... 12 Using SLF4J ............................................................................................ 13 Using Log4J ............................................................................................. 14 II. What’s New in Spring Framework 4.x .................................................................................... 16 3. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.0 ............................................ 17 3.1. Improved Getting Started Experience .................................................................. 17 3.2. Removed Deprecated Packages and Methods .................................................... 17 3.3. Java 8 (as well as 6 and 7) ............................................................................... 17 3.4. Java EE 6 and 7 ............................................................................................... 18 3.5. Groovy Bean Definition DSL .............................................................................. 18 3.6. Core Container Improvements ............................................................................ 19 3.7. General Web Improvements ............................................................................... 19 3.8. WebSocket, SockJS, and STOMP Messaging ..................................................... 19 3.9. Testing Improvements ........................................................................................ 20 III. Core Technologies .............................................................................................................. 21 4. The IoC container ........................................................................................................ 22 4.1. Introduction to the Spring IoC container and beans .............................................. 22 4.2. Container overview ............................................................................................ 22 Configuration metadata ..................................................................................... 23 Instantiating a container .................................................................................... 24 Composing XML-based configuration metadata .......................................... 25 Using the container .......................................................................................... 26 4.3. Bean overview ................................................................................................... 27 Naming beans .................................................................................................. 28 Aliasing a bean outside the bean definition ................................................ 28 Instantiating beans ........................................................................................... 29 Instantiation with a constructor .................................................................. 29 Instantiation with a static factory method .................................................... 30 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation iii Instantiation using an instance factory method ........................................... 30 4.4. Dependencies ................................................................................................... 32 Dependency injection ....................................................................................... 32 Constructor-based dependency injection .................................................... 32 Setter-based dependency injection ............................................................ 34 Dependency resolution process ................................................................. 35 Examples of dependency injection ............................................................. 36 Dependencies and configuration in detail ........................................................... 38 Straight values (primitives, Strings, and so on) ........................................... 38 References to other beans (collaborators) .................................................. 40 Inner beans .............................................................................................. 41 Collections ............................................................................................... 41 Null and empty string values ..................................................................... 44 XML shortcut with the p-namespace .......................................................... 44 XML shortcut with the c-namespace .......................................................... 46 Compound property names ....................................................................... 46 Using depends-on ............................................................................................ 47 Lazy-initialized beans ....................................................................................... 47 Autowiring collaborators .................................................................................... 48 Limitations and disadvantages of autowiring ............................................... 49 Excluding a bean from autowiring .............................................................. 50 Method injection ............................................................................................... 50 Lookup method injection ........................................................................... 51 Arbitrary method replacement ................................................................... 53 4.5. Bean scopes ..................................................................................................... 54 The singleton scope ......................................................................................... 55 The prototype scope ......................................................................................... 55 Singleton beans with prototype-bean dependencies ............................................ 56 Request, session, and global session scopes .................................................... 56 Initial web configuration ............................................................................ 57 Request scope ......................................................................................... 58 Session scope .......................................................................................... 58 Global session scope ............................................................................... 58 Scoped beans as dependencies ................................................................ 58 Custom scopes ................................................................................................ 60 Creating a custom scope .......................................................................... 60 Using a custom scope .............................................................................. 61 4.6. Customizing the nature of a bean ....................................................................... 62 Lifecycle callbacks ............................................................................................ 62 Initialization callbacks ............................................................................... 63 Destruction callbacks ................................................................................ 64 Default initialization and destroy methods .................................................. 64 Combining lifecycle mechanisms ............................................................... 66 Startup and shutdown callbacks ................................................................ 66 Shutting down the Spring IoC container gracefully in non-web applications ................................................................................................................. 68 ApplicationContextAware and BeanNameAware ................................................. 68 Other Aware interfaces ..................................................................................... 69 4.7. Bean definition inheritance ................................................................................. 71 4.8. Container Extension Points ................................................................................ 72 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation iv Customizing beans using a BeanPostProcessor ................................................. 72 Example: Hello World, BeanPostProcessor-style ........................................ 74 Example: The RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor ............................... 75 Customizing configuration metadata with a BeanFactoryPostProcessor ................ 75 Example: the Class name substitution PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer .......... 76 Example: the PropertyOverrideConfigurer .................................................. 77 Customizing instantiation logic with a FactoryBean ............................................. 78 4.9. Annotation-based container configuration ............................................................ 79 @Required ....................................................................................................... 80 @Autowired ..................................................................................................... 80 Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with qualifiers ....................................... 83 Using generics as autowiring qualifiers .............................................................. 89 CustomAutowireConfigurer ................................................................................ 90 @Resource ...................................................................................................... 90 @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy .................................................................... 92 4.10. Classpath scanning and managed components ................................................. 92 @Component and further stereotype annotations ............................................... 93 Meta-annotations .............................................................................................. 93 Automatically detecting classes and registering bean definitions .......................... 94 Using filters to customize scanning ................................................................... 95 Defining bean metadata within components ....................................................... 96 Naming autodetected components ..................................................................... 97 Providing a scope for autodetected components ................................................ 98 Providing qualifier metadata with annotations ..................................................... 99 4.11. Using JSR 330 Standard Annotations ............................................................... 99 Dependency Injection with @Inject and @Named ............................................. 100 @Named: a standard equivalent to the @Component annotation ....................... 100 Limitations of the standard approach ............................................................... 101 4.12. Java-based container configuration ................................................................. 102 Basic concepts: @Bean and @Configuration ................................................... 102 Instantiating the Spring container using AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ....... 103 Simple construction ................................................................................ 103 Building the container programmatically using register(Class…) ........... 104 Enabling component scanning with scan(String…) .................................... 104 Support for web applications with AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ............................................................................................................... 105 Using the @Bean annotation .......................................................................... 106 Declaring a bean .................................................................................... 107 Receiving lifecycle callbacks ................................................................... 107 Specifying bean scope ............................................................................ 108 Customizing bean naming ....................................................................... 109 Bean aliasing ......................................................................................... 109 Bean description ..................................................................................... 110 Using the @Configuration annotation ............................................................... 110 Injecting inter-bean dependencies ............................................................ 110 Lookup method injection ......................................................................... 111 Further information about how Java-based configuration works internally .... 111 Composing Java-based configurations ............................................................. 112 Using the @Import annotation ................................................................. 112 Conditionally including @Configuration classes or @Beans ....................... 116 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation v Combining Java and XML configuration ................................................... 117 4.13. Bean definition profiles and environment abstraction ........................................ 120 4.14. PropertySource Abstraction ............................................................................ 120 4.15. Registering a LoadTimeWeaver ...................................................................... 120 4.16. Additional Capabilities of the ApplicationContext .............................................. 120 Internationalization using MessageSource ........................................................ 121 Standard and Custom Events .......................................................................... 124 Convenient access to low-level resources ........................................................ 127 Convenient ApplicationContext instantiation for web applications ....................... 128 Deploying a Spring ApplicationContext as a J2EE RAR file ............................... 128 4.17. The BeanFactory ........................................................................................... 129 BeanFactory or ApplicationContext? ................................................................ 129 Glue code and the evil singleton ..................................................................... 131 5. Resources .................................................................................................................. 132 5.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 132 5.2. The Resource interface .................................................................................... 132 5.3. Built-in Resource implementations .................................................................... 133 UrlResource ................................................................................................... 133 ClassPathResource ........................................................................................ 133 FileSystemResource ....................................................................................... 134 ServletContextResource .................................................................................. 134 InputStreamResource ..................................................................................... 134 ByteArrayResource ......................................................................................... 134 5.4. The ResourceLoader ....................................................................................... 134 5.5. The ResourceLoaderAware interface ................................................................ 135 5.6. Resources as dependencies ............................................................................. 136 5.7. Application contexts and Resource paths .......................................................... 137 Constructing application contexts ..................................................................... 137 Constructing ClassPathXmlApplicationContext instances - shortcuts .......... 137 Wildcards in application context constructor resource paths ............................... 138 Ant-style Patterns ................................................................................... 138 The Classpath*: portability classpath*: prefix ............................................ 139 Other notes relating to wildcards ............................................................. 139 FileSystemResource caveats .......................................................................... 140 6. Validation, Data Binding, and Type Conversion ............................................................ 141 6.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 141 6.2. Validation using Spring’s Validator interface ...................................................... 141 6.3. Resolving codes to error messages .................................................................. 143 6.4. Bean manipulation and the BeanWrapper ......................................................... 144 Setting and getting basic and nested properties ............................................... 144 Built-in PropertyEditor implementations ............................................................ 146 Registering additional custom PropertyEditors .......................................... 149 6.5. Spring Type Conversion ................................................................................... 151 Converter SPI ................................................................................................ 151 ConverterFactory ............................................................................................ 152 GenericConverter ........................................................................................... 153 ConditionalGenericConverter ................................................................... 154 ConversionService API ................................................................................... 154 Configuring a ConversionService ..................................................................... 154 Using a ConversionService programmatically ................................................... 155 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation vi 6.6. Spring Field Formatting .................................................................................... 155 Formatter SPI ................................................................................................. 156 Annotation-driven Formatting ........................................................................... 157 Format Annotation API ............................................................................ 158 FormatterRegistry SPI ..................................................................................... 159 FormatterRegistrar SPI ................................................................................... 159 Configuring Formatting in Spring MVC ............................................................. 159 6.7. Configuring a global date & time format ............................................................ 161 6.8. Spring Validation ............................................................................................. 163 Overview of the JSR-303 Bean Validation API ................................................. 163 Configuring a Bean Validation Provider ............................................................ 164 Injecting a Validator ................................................................................ 164 Configuring Custom Constraints .............................................................. 164 Additional Configuration Options .............................................................. 165 Configuring a DataBinder ................................................................................ 165 Spring MVC 3 Validation ................................................................................. 166 Triggering @Controller Input Validation .................................................... 166 Configuring a Validator for use by Spring MVC ......................................... 166 Configuring a JSR-303/JSR-349 Validator for use by Spring MVC .............. 167 7. Spring Expression Language (SpEL) ........................................................................... 168 7.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 168 7.2. Feature Overview ............................................................................................ 168 7.3. Expression Evaluation using Spring’s Expression Interface ................................. 169 The EvaluationContext interface ...................................................................... 171 Type Conversion .................................................................................... 171 7.4. Expression support for defining bean definitions ................................................ 172 XML based configuration ................................................................................ 172 Annotation-based configuration ........................................................................ 173 7.5. Language Reference ........................................................................................ 174 Literal expressions .......................................................................................... 174 Properties, Arrays, Lists, Maps, Indexers ......................................................... 174 Inline lists ....................................................................................................... 175 Array construction ........................................................................................... 175 Methods ......................................................................................................... 176 Operators ....................................................................................................... 176 Relational operators ................................................................................ 176 Logical operators .................................................................................... 177 Mathematical operators ........................................................................... 177 Assignment .................................................................................................... 178 Types ............................................................................................................. 178 Constructors ................................................................................................... 179 Variables ........................................................................................................ 179 The #this and #root variables .................................................................. 179 Functions ....................................................................................................... 180 Bean references ............................................................................................. 180 Ternary Operator (If-Then-Else) ....................................................................... 180 The Elvis Operator ......................................................................................... 181 Safe Navigation operator ................................................................................ 181 Collection Selection ........................................................................................ 182 Collection Projection ....................................................................................... 182 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation vii Expression templating ..................................................................................... 183 7.6. Classes used in the examples .......................................................................... 183 8. Aspect Oriented Programming with Spring ................................................................... 187 8.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 187 AOP concepts ................................................................................................ 187 Spring AOP capabilities and goals ................................................................... 189 AOP Proxies .................................................................................................. 190 8.2. @AspectJ support ........................................................................................... 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support ............................................................................ 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support with Java configuration ................................. 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support with XML configuration ................................. 191 Declaring an aspect ........................................................................................ 191 Declaring a pointcut ........................................................................................ 192 Supported Pointcut Designators .............................................................. 192 Combining pointcut expressions .............................................................. 194 Sharing common pointcut definitions ........................................................ 194 Examples ............................................................................................... 196 Writing good pointcuts ............................................................................ 198 Declaring advice ............................................................................................. 199 Before advice ......................................................................................... 199 After returning advice .............................................................................. 200 After throwing advice .............................................................................. 200 After (finally) advice ................................................................................ 201 Around advice ........................................................................................ 202 Advice parameters .................................................................................. 203 Advice ordering ...................................................................................... 206 Introductions ................................................................................................... 206 Aspect instantiation models ............................................................................. 207 Example ......................................................................................................... 208 8.3. Schema-based AOP support ............................................................................ 209 Declaring an aspect ........................................................................................ 210 Declaring a pointcut ........................................................................................ 210 Declaring advice ............................................................................................. 212 Before advice ......................................................................................... 212 After returning advice .............................................................................. 212 After throwing advice .............................................................................. 213 After (finally) advice ................................................................................ 214 Around advice ........................................................................................ 214 Advice parameters .................................................................................. 215 Advice ordering ...................................................................................... 216 Introductions ................................................................................................... 217 Aspect instantiation models ............................................................................. 217 Advisors ......................................................................................................... 217 Example ......................................................................................................... 218 8.4. Choosing which AOP declaration style to use .................................................... 220 Spring AOP or full AspectJ? ........................................................................... 220 @AspectJ or XML for Spring AOP? ................................................................. 221 8.5. Mixing aspect types ......................................................................................... 222 8.6. Proxying mechanisms ...................................................................................... 222 Understanding AOP proxies ............................................................................ 223 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation viii 8.7. Programmatic creation of @AspectJ Proxies ..................................................... 225 8.8. Using AspectJ with Spring applications ............................................................. 225 Using AspectJ to dependency inject domain objects with Spring ........................ 226 Unit testing @Configurable objects .......................................................... 228 Working with multiple application contexts ................................................ 228 Other Spring aspects for AspectJ .................................................................... 229 Configuring AspectJ aspects using Spring IoC ................................................. 229 Load-time weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework ................................. 230 A first example ....................................................................................... 231 Aspects .................................................................................................. 234 ' META-INF/aop.xml' ............................................................................... 234 Required libraries (JARS) ........................................................................ 234 Spring configuration ................................................................................ 235 Environment-specific configuration ........................................................... 237 8.9. Further Resources ........................................................................................... 239 9. Spring AOP APIs ....................................................................................................... 240 9.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 240 9.2. Pointcut API in Spring ...................................................................................... 240 Concepts ........................................................................................................ 240 Operations on pointcuts .................................................................................. 241 AspectJ expression pointcuts .......................................................................... 241 Convenience pointcut implementations ............................................................ 241 Static pointcuts ....................................................................................... 241 Dynamic pointcuts .................................................................................. 242 Pointcut superclasses ..................................................................................... 243 Custom pointcuts ............................................................................................ 243 9.3. Advice API in Spring ........................................................................................ 243 Advice lifecycles ............................................................................................. 243 Advice types in Spring .................................................................................... 244 Interception around advice ...................................................................... 244 Before advice ......................................................................................... 244 Throws advice ........................................................................................ 245 After Returning advice ............................................................................ 246 Introduction advice .................................................................................. 247 9.4. Advisor API in Spring ....................................................................................... 249 9.5. Using the ProxyFactoryBean to create AOP proxies ........................................... 250 Basics ............................................................................................................ 250 JavaBean properties ....................................................................................... 250 JDK- and CGLIB-based proxies ...................................................................... 251 Proxying interfaces ......................................................................................... 252 Proxying classes ............................................................................................ 254 Using global advisors ...................................................................................... 255 9.6. Concise proxy definitions ................................................................................. 255 9.7. Creating AOP proxies programmatically with the ProxyFactory ............................ 256 9.8. Manipulating advised objects ............................................................................ 257 9.9. Using the "auto-proxy" facility ........................................................................... 258 Autoproxy bean definitions .............................................................................. 258 BeanNameAutoProxyCreator ................................................................... 259 DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator .............................................................. 259 AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ............................................................ 260 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation ix Using metadata-driven auto-proxying ............................................................... 260 9.10. Using TargetSources ...................................................................................... 262 Hot swappable target sources ......................................................................... 263 Pooling target sources .................................................................................... 263 Prototype target sources ................................................................................. 265 ThreadLocal target sources ............................................................................. 265 9.11. Defining new Advice types ............................................................................. 265 9.12. Further resources ........................................................................................... 266 10. Testing ..................................................................................................................... 267 10.1. Introduction to Spring Testing ......................................................................... 267 10.2. Unit Testing ................................................................................................... 267 Mock Objects ................................................................................................. 267 Environment ........................................................................................... 267 JNDI ...................................................................................................... 267 Servlet API ............................................................................................. 267 Portlet API ............................................................................................. 268 Unit Testing support Classes .......................................................................... 268 General utilities ...................................................................................... 268 Spring MVC ........................................................................................... 268 10.3. Integration Testing ......................................................................................... 268 Overview ........................................................................................................ 268 Goals of Integration Testing ............................................................................ 269 Context management and caching ........................................................... 269 Dependency Injection of test fixtures ....................................................... 269 Transaction management ........................................................................ 270 Support classes for integration testing ..................................................... 270 JDBC Testing Support .................................................................................... 271 Annotations .................................................................................................... 271 Spring Testing Annotations ..................................................................... 271 Standard Annotation Support .................................................................. 276 Spring JUnit Testing Annotations ............................................................. 277 Meta-Annotation Support for Testing ........................................................ 278 Spring TestContext Framework ....................................................................... 279 Key abstractions ..................................................................................... 280 Context management .............................................................................. 281 Dependency injection of test fixtures ........................................................ 297 Testing request and session scoped beans .............................................. 299 Transaction management ........................................................................ 301 TestContext Framework support classes .................................................. 304 Spring MVC Test Framework .......................................................................... 306 Server-Side Tests ................................................................................... 306 Client-Side REST Tests .......................................................................... 312 PetClinic Example .......................................................................................... 313 10.4. Further Resources ......................................................................................... 314 IV. Data Access ..................................................................................................................... 316 11. Transaction Management .......................................................................................... 317 11.1. Introduction to Spring Framework transaction management .............................. 317 11.2. Advantages of the Spring Framework’s transaction support model ..................... 317 Global transactions ......................................................................................... 317 Local transactions ........................................................................................... 318 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation x Spring Framework’s consistent programming model ......................................... 318 11.3. Understanding the Spring Framework transaction abstraction ............................ 319 11.4. Synchronizing resources with transactions ....................................................... 323 High-level synchronization approach ................................................................ 323 Low-level synchronization approach ................................................................. 323 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy ................................................................. 324 11.5. Declarative transaction management ............................................................... 324 Understanding the Spring Framework’s declarative transaction implementation ... 325 Example of declarative transaction implementation ........................................... 326 Rolling back a declarative transaction .............................................................. 330 Configuring different transactional semantics for different beans ........................ 331 settings ....................................................................................... 333 Using @Transactional ..................................................................................... 335 @Transactional settings .......................................................................... 339 Multiple Transaction Managers with @Transactional ................................. 340 Custom shortcut annotations ................................................................... 341 Transaction propagation .................................................................................. 341 Required ................................................................................................ 342 RequiresNew .......................................................................................... 342 Nested ................................................................................................... 343 Advising transactional operations ..................................................................... 343 Using @Transactional with AspectJ ................................................................. 346 11.6. Programmatic transaction management ........................................................... 347 Using the TransactionTemplate ....................................................................... 347 Specifying transaction settings ................................................................ 349 Using the PlatformTransactionManager ............................................................ 349 11.7. Choosing between programmatic and declarative transaction management ........ 350 11.8. Application server-specific integration .............................................................. 350 IBM WebSphere ............................................................................................. 351 Oracle WebLogic Server ................................................................................. 351 11.9. Solutions to common problems ....................................................................... 351 Use of the wrong transaction manager for a specific DataSource ....................... 351 11.10. Further Resources ....................................................................................... 351 12. DAO support ............................................................................................................ 352 12.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 352 12.2. Consistent exception hierarchy ....................................................................... 352 12.3. Annotations used for configuring DAO or Repository classes ............................ 353 13. Data access with JDBC ............................................................................................ 355 13.1. Introduction to Spring Framework JDBC .......................................................... 355 Choosing an approach for JDBC database access ........................................... 355 Package hierarchy .......................................................................................... 356 13.2. Using the JDBC core classes to control basic JDBC processing and error handling ................................................................................................................. 357 JdbcTemplate ................................................................................................. 357 Examples of JdbcTemplate class usage ................................................... 357 JdbcTemplate best practices ................................................................... 359 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate ....................................................................... 361 SQLExceptionTranslator .................................................................................. 363 Executing statements ...................................................................................... 365 Running queries ............................................................................................. 365 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xi Updating the database .................................................................................... 366 Retrieving auto-generated keys ....................................................................... 367 13.3. Controlling database connections .................................................................... 367 DataSource .................................................................................................... 367 DataSourceUtils .............................................................................................. 369 SmartDataSource ........................................................................................... 369 AbstractDataSource ........................................................................................ 369 SingleConnectionDataSource .......................................................................... 369 DriverManagerDataSource .............................................................................. 369 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy ................................................................. 370 DataSourceTransactionManager ...................................................................... 370 NativeJdbcExtractor ........................................................................................ 370 13.4. JDBC batch operations .................................................................................. 371 Basic batch operations with the JdbcTemplate ................................................. 371 Batch operations with a List of objects ............................................................. 372 Batch operations with multiple batches ............................................................ 373 13.5. Simplifying JDBC operations with the SimpleJdbc classes ................................ 374 Inserting data using SimpleJdbcInsert .............................................................. 374 Retrieving auto-generated keys using SimpleJdbcInsert .................................... 375 Specifying columns for a SimpleJdbcInsert ...................................................... 376 Using SqlParameterSource to provide parameter values ................................... 376 Calling a stored procedure with SimpleJdbcCall ............................................... 377 Explicitly declaring parameters to use for a SimpleJdbcCall ............................... 379 How to define SqlParameters .......................................................................... 380 Calling a stored function using SimpleJdbcCall ................................................. 381 Returning ResultSet/REF Cursor from a SimpleJdbcCall ................................... 381 13.6. Modeling JDBC operations as Java objects ..................................................... 382 SqlQuery ........................................................................................................ 383 MappingSqlQuery ........................................................................................... 383 SqlUpdate ...................................................................................................... 384 StoredProcedure ............................................................................................. 385 13.7. Common problems with parameter and data value handling .............................. 388 Providing SQL type information for parameters ................................................. 389 Handling BLOB and CLOB objects .................................................................. 389 Passing in lists of values for IN clause ............................................................ 390 Handling complex types for stored procedure calls ........................................... 391 13.8. Embedded database support .......................................................................... 392 Why use an embedded database? .................................................................. 392 Creating an embedded database instance using Spring XML ............................ 392 Creating an embedded database instance programmatically .............................. 392 Extending the embedded database support ...................................................... 393 Using HSQL ................................................................................................... 393 Using H2 ........................................................................................................ 393 Using Derby ................................................................................................... 393 Testing data access logic with an embedded database ..................................... 393 13.9. Initializing a DataSource ................................................................................. 394 Initializing a database instance using Spring XML ............................................. 394 Initialization of Other Components that Depend on the Database ............... 395 14. Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Data Access .......................................................... 397 14.1. Introduction to ORM with Spring ..................................................................... 397 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xii 14.2. General ORM integration considerations ......................................................... 398 Resource and transaction management ........................................................... 398 Exception translation ....................................................................................... 399 14.3. Hibernate ....................................................................................................... 399 SessionFactory setup in a Spring container ...................................................... 400 Implementing DAOs based on plain Hibernate 3 API ........................................ 400 Declarative transaction demarcation ................................................................ 402 Programmatic transaction demarcation ............................................................ 404 Transaction management strategies ................................................................ 405 Comparing container-managed and locally defined resources ............................ 407 Spurious application server warnings with Hibernate ......................................... 408 14.4. JDO .............................................................................................................. 409 PersistenceManagerFactory setup ................................................................... 409 Implementing DAOs based on the plain JDO API ............................................. 410 Transaction management ................................................................................ 412 JdoDialect ...................................................................................................... 413 14.5. JPA ............................................................................................................... 414 Three options for JPA setup in a Spring environment ........................................ 414 LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean .............................................................. 414 Obtaining an EntityManagerFactory from JNDI ......................................... 415 LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ............................................... 415 Dealing with multiple persistence units ..................................................... 417 Implementing DAOs based on plain JPA .......................................................... 418 Transaction Management ................................................................................ 420 JpaDialect ...................................................................................................... 421 15. Marshalling XML using O/X Mappers ......................................................................... 423 15.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 423 Ease of configuration ...................................................................................... 423 Consistent Interfaces ...................................................................................... 423 Consistent Exception Hierarchy ....................................................................... 423 15.2. Marshaller and Unmarshaller .......................................................................... 423 Marshaller ...................................................................................................... 423 Unmarshaller .................................................................................................. 424 XmlMappingException ..................................................................................... 425 15.3. Using Marshaller and Unmarshaller ................................................................. 425 15.4. XML Schema-based Configuration .................................................................. 427 15.5. JAXB ............................................................................................................. 427 Jaxb2Marshaller ............................................................................................. 428 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 428 15.6. Castor ........................................................................................................... 429 CastorMarshaller ............................................................................................ 429 Mapping ......................................................................................................... 429 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 429 15.7. XMLBeans ..................................................................................................... 430 XmlBeansMarshaller ....................................................................................... 430 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 430 15.8. JiBX .............................................................................................................. 431 JibxMarshaller ................................................................................................ 431 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 431 15.9. XStream ........................................................................................................ 432 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xiii XStreamMarshaller ......................................................................................... 432 V. The Web ........................................................................................................................... 434 16. Web MVC framework ................................................................................................ 435 16.1. Introduction to Spring Web MVC framework .................................................... 435 Features of Spring Web MVC ......................................................................... 436 Pluggability of other MVC implementations ...................................................... 437 16.2. The DispatcherServlet .................................................................................... 437 Special Bean Types In the WebApplicationContext ........................................... 440 Default DispatcherServlet Configuration ........................................................... 441 DispatcherServlet Processing Sequence .......................................................... 441 16.3. Implementing Controllers ................................................................................ 443 Defining a controller with @Controller .............................................................. 443 Mapping Requests With Using @RequestMapping ........................................... 444 New Support Classes for @RequestMapping methods in Spring MVC 3.1 .. 446 URI Template Patterns ........................................................................... 447 URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions ..................................... 448 Path Patterns ......................................................................................... 449 Patterns with Placeholders ...................................................................... 449 Matrix Variables ...................................................................................... 449 Consumable Media Types ....................................................................... 450 Producible Media Types .......................................................................... 451 Request Parameters and Header Values ................................................. 451 Defining @RequestMapping handler methods .................................................. 452 Supported method argument types .......................................................... 452 Supported method return types ............................................................... 454 Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam ... 455 Mapping the request body with the @RequestBody annotation .................. 456 Mapping the response body with the @ResponseBody annotation ............. 457 Creating REST Controllers with the @RestController annotation ................ 457 Using HttpEntity ...................................................................................... 457 Using @ModelAttribute on a method ....................................................... 458 Using @ModelAttribute on a method argument ......................................... 459 Using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session between requests ................................................................................... 461 Specifying redirect and flash attributes ..................................................... 461 Working with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data ............................ 462 Mapping cookie values with the @CookieValue annotation ........................ 462 Mapping request header attributes with the @RequestHeader annotation ... 463 Method Parameters And Type Conversion ............................................... 463 Customizing WebDataBinder initialization ................................................. 464 Support for the Last-Modified Response Header To Facilitate Content Caching ................................................................................................. 465 Assisting Controllers with the @ControllerAdvice annotation ...................... 465 Asynchronous Request Processing .................................................................. 466 Exception Handling for Async Requests ................................................... 467 Intercepting Async Requests ................................................................... 467 Configuration for Async Request Processing ............................................ 468 Testing Controllers ......................................................................................... 469 16.4. Handler mappings .......................................................................................... 469 Intercepting requests with a HandlerInterceptor ................................................ 469 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xiv 16.5. Resolving views ............................................................................................. 471 Resolving views with the ViewResolver interface .............................................. 471 Chaining ViewResolvers ................................................................................. 473 Redirecting to views ....................................................................................... 474 RedirectView .......................................................................................... 474 The redirect: prefix ................................................................................. 475 The forward: prefix ................................................................................. 475 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver ..................................................................... 475 16.6. Using flash attributes ..................................................................................... 478 16.7. Building URIs ................................................................................................. 479 16.8. Building URIs to Controllers and methods ....................................................... 480 16.9. Using locales ................................................................................................. 480 Obtaining Time Zone Information .................................................................... 481 AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver .......................................................................... 481 CookieLocaleResolver ..................................................................................... 481 SessionLocaleResolver ................................................................................... 481 LocaleChangeInterceptor ................................................................................ 482 16.10. Using themes ............................................................................................... 482 Overview of themes ........................................................................................ 482 Defining themes ............................................................................................. 482 Theme resolvers ............................................................................................. 483 16.11. Spring’s multipart (file upload) support ........................................................... 483 Introduction .................................................................................................... 483 Using a MultipartResolver with Commons FileUpload ........................................ 484 Using a MultipartResolver with Servlet 3.0 ....................................................... 484 Handling a file upload in a form ...................................................................... 484 Handling a file upload request from programmatic clients .................................. 486 16.12. Handling exceptions ..................................................................................... 486 HandlerExceptionResolver ............

Not Using Commons Logging ................................................................... 12 Using SLF4J ............................................................................................ 13 Using Log4J ............................................................................................. 14 II. What’s New in Spring Framework 4.x .................................................................................... 16 3. New Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.0 ............................................ 17 3.1. Improved Getting Started Experience .................................................................. 17 3.2. Removed Deprecated Packages and Methods .................................................... 17 3.3. Java 8 (as well as 6 and 7) ............................................................................... 17 3.4. Java EE 6 and 7 ............................................................................................... 18 3.5. Groovy Bean Definition DSL .............................................................................. 18 3.6. Core Container Improvements ............................................................................ 19 3.7. General Web Improvements ............................................................................... 19 3.8. WebSocket, SockJS, and STOMP Messaging ..................................................... 19 3.9. Testing Improvements ........................................................................................ 20 III. Core Technologies .............................................................................................................. 21 4. The IoC container ........................................................................................................ 22 4.1. Introduction to the Spring IoC container and beans .............................................. 22 4.2. Container overview ............................................................................................ 22 Configuration metadata ..................................................................................... 23 Instantiating a container .................................................................................... 24 Composing XML-based configuration metadata .......................................... 25 Using the container .......................................................................................... 26 4.3. Bean overview ................................................................................................... 27 Naming beans .................................................................................................. 28 Aliasing a bean outside the bean definition ................................................ 28 Instantiating beans ........................................................................................... 29 Instantiation with a constructor .................................................................. 29 Instantiation with a static factory method .................................................... 30 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation iii Instantiation using an instance factory method ........................................... 30 4.4. Dependencies ................................................................................................... 32 Dependency injection ....................................................................................... 32 Constructor-based dependency injection .................................................... 32 Setter-based dependency injection ............................................................ 34 Dependency resolution process ................................................................. 35 Examples of dependency injection ............................................................. 36 Dependencies and configuration in detail ........................................................... 38 Straight values (primitives, Strings, and so on) ........................................... 38 References to other beans (collaborators) .................................................. 40 Inner beans .............................................................................................. 41 Collections ............................................................................................... 41 Null and empty string values ..................................................................... 44 XML shortcut with the p-namespace .......................................................... 44 XML shortcut with the c-namespace .......................................................... 46 Compound property names ....................................................................... 46 Using depends-on ............................................................................................ 47 Lazy-initialized beans ....................................................................................... 47 Autowiring collaborators .................................................................................... 48 Limitations and disadvantages of autowiring ............................................... 49 Excluding a bean from autowiring .............................................................. 50 Method injection ............................................................................................... 50 Lookup method injection ........................................................................... 51 Arbitrary method replacement ................................................................... 53 4.5. Bean scopes ..................................................................................................... 54 The singleton scope ......................................................................................... 55 The prototype scope ......................................................................................... 55 Singleton beans with prototype-bean dependencies ............................................ 56 Request, session, and global session scopes .................................................... 56 Initial web configuration ............................................................................ 57 Request scope ......................................................................................... 58 Session scope .......................................................................................... 58 Global session scope ............................................................................... 58 Scoped beans as dependencies ................................................................ 58 Custom scopes ................................................................................................ 60 Creating a custom scope .......................................................................... 60 Using a custom scope .............................................................................. 61 4.6. Customizing the nature of a bean ....................................................................... 62 Lifecycle callbacks ............................................................................................ 62 Initialization callbacks ............................................................................... 63 Destruction callbacks ................................................................................ 64 Default initialization and destroy methods .................................................. 64 Combining lifecycle mechanisms ............................................................... 66 Startup and shutdown callbacks ................................................................ 66 Shutting down the Spring IoC container gracefully in non-web applications ................................................................................................................. 68 ApplicationContextAware and BeanNameAware ................................................. 68 Other Aware interfaces ..................................................................................... 69 4.7. Bean definition inheritance ................................................................................. 71 4.8. Container Extension Points ................................................................................ 72 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation iv Customizing beans using a BeanPostProcessor ................................................. 72 Example: Hello World, BeanPostProcessor-style ........................................ 74 Example: The RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor ............................... 75 Customizing configuration metadata with a BeanFactoryPostProcessor ................ 75 Example: the Class name substitution PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer .......... 76 Example: the PropertyOverrideConfigurer .................................................. 77 Customizing instantiation logic with a FactoryBean ............................................. 78 4.9. Annotation-based container configuration ............................................................ 79 @Required ....................................................................................................... 80 @Autowired ..................................................................................................... 80 Fine-tuning annotation-based autowiring with qualifiers ....................................... 83 Using generics as autowiring qualifiers .............................................................. 89 CustomAutowireConfigurer ................................................................................ 90 @Resource ...................................................................................................... 90 @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy .................................................................... 92 4.10. Classpath scanning and managed components ................................................. 92 @Component and further stereotype annotations ............................................... 93 Meta-annotations .............................................................................................. 93 Automatically detecting classes and registering bean definitions .......................... 94 Using filters to customize scanning ................................................................... 95 Defining bean metadata within components ....................................................... 96 Naming autodetected components ..................................................................... 97 Providing a scope for autodetected components ................................................ 98 Providing qualifier metadata with annotations ..................................................... 99 4.11. Using JSR 330 Standard Annotations ............................................................... 99 Dependency Injection with @Inject and @Named ............................................. 100 @Named: a standard equivalent to the @Component annotation ....................... 100 Limitations of the standard approach ............................................................... 101 4.12. Java-based container configuration ................................................................. 102 Basic concepts: @Bean and @Configuration ................................................... 102 Instantiating the Spring container using AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ....... 103 Simple construction ................................................................................ 103 Building the container programmatically using register(Class…) ........... 104 Enabling component scanning with scan(String…) .................................... 104 Support for web applications with AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ............................................................................................................... 105 Using the @Bean annotation .......................................................................... 106 Declaring a bean .................................................................................... 107 Receiving lifecycle callbacks ................................................................... 107 Specifying bean scope ............................................................................ 108 Customizing bean naming ....................................................................... 109 Bean aliasing ......................................................................................... 109 Bean description ..................................................................................... 110 Using the @Configuration annotation ............................................................... 110 Injecting inter-bean dependencies ............................................................ 110 Lookup method injection ......................................................................... 111 Further information about how Java-based configuration works internally .... 111 Composing Java-based configurations ............................................................. 112 Using the @Import annotation ................................................................. 112 Conditionally including @Configuration classes or @Beans ....................... 116 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation v Combining Java and XML configuration ................................................... 117 4.13. Bean definition profiles and environment abstraction ........................................ 120 4.14. PropertySource Abstraction ............................................................................ 120 4.15. Registering a LoadTimeWeaver ...................................................................... 120 4.16. Additional Capabilities of the ApplicationContext .............................................. 120 Internationalization using MessageSource ........................................................ 121 Standard and Custom Events .......................................................................... 124 Convenient access to low-level resources ........................................................ 127 Convenient ApplicationContext instantiation for web applications ....................... 128 Deploying a Spring ApplicationContext as a J2EE RAR file ............................... 128 4.17. The BeanFactory ........................................................................................... 129 BeanFactory or ApplicationContext? ................................................................ 129 Glue code and the evil singleton ..................................................................... 131 5. Resources .................................................................................................................. 132 5.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 132 5.2. The Resource interface .................................................................................... 132 5.3. Built-in Resource implementations .................................................................... 133 UrlResource ................................................................................................... 133 ClassPathResource ........................................................................................ 133 FileSystemResource ....................................................................................... 134 ServletContextResource .................................................................................. 134 InputStreamResource ..................................................................................... 134 ByteArrayResource ......................................................................................... 134 5.4. The ResourceLoader ....................................................................................... 134 5.5. The ResourceLoaderAware interface ................................................................ 135 5.6. Resources as dependencies ............................................................................. 136 5.7. Application contexts and Resource paths .......................................................... 137 Constructing application contexts ..................................................................... 137 Constructing ClassPathXmlApplicationContext instances - shortcuts .......... 137 Wildcards in application context constructor resource paths ............................... 138 Ant-style Patterns ................................................................................... 138 The Classpath*: portability classpath*: prefix ............................................ 139 Other notes relating to wildcards ............................................................. 139 FileSystemResource caveats .......................................................................... 140 6. Validation, Data Binding, and Type Conversion ............................................................ 141 6.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 141 6.2. Validation using Spring’s Validator interface ...................................................... 141 6.3. Resolving codes to error messages .................................................................. 143 6.4. Bean manipulation and the BeanWrapper ......................................................... 144 Setting and getting basic and nested properties ............................................... 144 Built-in PropertyEditor implementations ............................................................ 146 Registering additional custom PropertyEditors .......................................... 149 6.5. Spring Type Conversion ................................................................................... 151 Converter SPI ................................................................................................ 151 ConverterFactory ............................................................................................ 152 GenericConverter ........................................................................................... 153 ConditionalGenericConverter ................................................................... 154 ConversionService API ................................................................................... 154 Configuring a ConversionService ..................................................................... 154 Using a ConversionService programmatically ................................................... 155 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation vi 6.6. Spring Field Formatting .................................................................................... 155 Formatter SPI ................................................................................................. 156 Annotation-driven Formatting ........................................................................... 157 Format Annotation API ............................................................................ 158 FormatterRegistry SPI ..................................................................................... 159 FormatterRegistrar SPI ................................................................................... 159 Configuring Formatting in Spring MVC ............................................................. 159 6.7. Configuring a global date & time format ............................................................ 161 6.8. Spring Validation ............................................................................................. 163 Overview of the JSR-303 Bean Validation API ................................................. 163 Configuring a Bean Validation Provider ............................................................ 164 Injecting a Validator ................................................................................ 164 Configuring Custom Constraints .............................................................. 164 Additional Configuration Options .............................................................. 165 Configuring a DataBinder ................................................................................ 165 Spring MVC 3 Validation ................................................................................. 166 Triggering @Controller Input Validation .................................................... 166 Configuring a Validator for use by Spring MVC ......................................... 166 Configuring a JSR-303/JSR-349 Validator for use by Spring MVC .............. 167 7. Spring Expression Language (SpEL) ........................................................................... 168 7.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 168 7.2. Feature Overview ............................................................................................ 168 7.3. Expression Evaluation using Spring’s Expression Interface ................................. 169 The EvaluationContext interface ...................................................................... 171 Type Conversion .................................................................................... 171 7.4. Expression support for defining bean definitions ................................................ 172 XML based configuration ................................................................................ 172 Annotation-based configuration ........................................................................ 173 7.5. Language Reference ........................................................................................ 174 Literal expressions .......................................................................................... 174 Properties, Arrays, Lists, Maps, Indexers ......................................................... 174 Inline lists ....................................................................................................... 175 Array construction ........................................................................................... 175 Methods ......................................................................................................... 176 Operators ....................................................................................................... 176 Relational operators ................................................................................ 176 Logical operators .................................................................................... 177 Mathematical operators ........................................................................... 177 Assignment .................................................................................................... 178 Types ............................................................................................................. 178 Constructors ................................................................................................... 179 Variables ........................................................................................................ 179 The #this and #root variables .................................................................. 179 Functions ....................................................................................................... 180 Bean references ............................................................................................. 180 Ternary Operator (If-Then-Else) ....................................................................... 180 The Elvis Operator ......................................................................................... 181 Safe Navigation operator ................................................................................ 181 Collection Selection ........................................................................................ 182 Collection Projection ....................................................................................... 182 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation vii Expression templating ..................................................................................... 183 7.6. Classes used in the examples .......................................................................... 183 8. Aspect Oriented Programming with Spring ................................................................... 187 8.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 187 AOP concepts ................................................................................................ 187 Spring AOP capabilities and goals ................................................................... 189 AOP Proxies .................................................................................................. 190 8.2. @AspectJ support ........................................................................................... 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support ............................................................................ 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support with Java configuration ................................. 190 Enabling @AspectJ Support with XML configuration ................................. 191 Declaring an aspect ........................................................................................ 191 Declaring a pointcut ........................................................................................ 192 Supported Pointcut Designators .............................................................. 192 Combining pointcut expressions .............................................................. 194 Sharing common pointcut definitions ........................................................ 194 Examples ............................................................................................... 196 Writing good pointcuts ............................................................................ 198 Declaring advice ............................................................................................. 199 Before advice ......................................................................................... 199 After returning advice .............................................................................. 200 After throwing advice .............................................................................. 200 After (finally) advice ................................................................................ 201 Around advice ........................................................................................ 202 Advice parameters .................................................................................. 203 Advice ordering ...................................................................................... 206 Introductions ................................................................................................... 206 Aspect instantiation models ............................................................................. 207 Example ......................................................................................................... 208 8.3. Schema-based AOP support ............................................................................ 209 Declaring an aspect ........................................................................................ 210 Declaring a pointcut ........................................................................................ 210 Declaring advice ............................................................................................. 212 Before advice ......................................................................................... 212 After returning advice .............................................................................. 212 After throwing advice .............................................................................. 213 After (finally) advice ................................................................................ 214 Around advice ........................................................................................ 214 Advice parameters .................................................................................. 215 Advice ordering ...................................................................................... 216 Introductions ................................................................................................... 217 Aspect instantiation models ............................................................................. 217 Advisors ......................................................................................................... 217 Example ......................................................................................................... 218 8.4. Choosing which AOP declaration style to use .................................................... 220 Spring AOP or full AspectJ? ........................................................................... 220 @AspectJ or XML for Spring AOP? ................................................................. 221 8.5. Mixing aspect types ......................................................................................... 222 8.6. Proxying mechanisms ...................................................................................... 222 Understanding AOP proxies ............................................................................ 223 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation viii 8.7. Programmatic creation of @AspectJ Proxies ..................................................... 225 8.8. Using AspectJ with Spring applications ............................................................. 225 Using AspectJ to dependency inject domain objects with Spring ........................ 226 Unit testing @Configurable objects .......................................................... 228 Working with multiple application contexts ................................................ 228 Other Spring aspects for AspectJ .................................................................... 229 Configuring AspectJ aspects using Spring IoC ................................................. 229 Load-time weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework ................................. 230 A first example ....................................................................................... 231 Aspects .................................................................................................. 234 ' META-INF/aop.xml' ............................................................................... 234 Required libraries (JARS) ........................................................................ 234 Spring configuration ................................................................................ 235 Environment-specific configuration ........................................................... 237 8.9. Further Resources ........................................................................................... 239 9. Spring AOP APIs ....................................................................................................... 240 9.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 240 9.2. Pointcut API in Spring ...................................................................................... 240 Concepts ........................................................................................................ 240 Operations on pointcuts .................................................................................. 241 AspectJ expression pointcuts .......................................................................... 241 Convenience pointcut implementations ............................................................ 241 Static pointcuts ....................................................................................... 241 Dynamic pointcuts .................................................................................. 242 Pointcut superclasses ..................................................................................... 243 Custom pointcuts ............................................................................................ 243 9.3. Advice API in Spring ........................................................................................ 243 Advice lifecycles ............................................................................................. 243 Advice types in Spring .................................................................................... 244 Interception around advice ...................................................................... 244 Before advice ......................................................................................... 244 Throws advice ........................................................................................ 245 After Returning advice ............................................................................ 246 Introduction advice .................................................................................. 247 9.4. Advisor API in Spring ....................................................................................... 249 9.5. Using the ProxyFactoryBean to create AOP proxies ........................................... 250 Basics ............................................................................................................ 250 JavaBean properties ....................................................................................... 250 JDK- and CGLIB-based proxies ...................................................................... 251 Proxying interfaces ......................................................................................... 252 Proxying classes ............................................................................................ 254 Using global advisors ...................................................................................... 255 9.6. Concise proxy definitions ................................................................................. 255 9.7. Creating AOP proxies programmatically with the ProxyFactory ............................ 256 9.8. Manipulating advised objects ............................................................................ 257 9.9. Using the "auto-proxy" facility ........................................................................... 258 Autoproxy bean definitions .............................................................................. 258 BeanNameAutoProxyCreator ................................................................... 259 DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator .............................................................. 259 AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator ............................................................ 260 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation ix Using metadata-driven auto-proxying ............................................................... 260 9.10. Using TargetSources ...................................................................................... 262 Hot swappable target sources ......................................................................... 263 Pooling target sources .................................................................................... 263 Prototype target sources ................................................................................. 265 ThreadLocal target sources ............................................................................. 265 9.11. Defining new Advice types ............................................................................. 265 9.12. Further resources ........................................................................................... 266 10. Testing ..................................................................................................................... 267 10.1. Introduction to Spring Testing ......................................................................... 267 10.2. Unit Testing ................................................................................................... 267 Mock Objects ................................................................................................. 267 Environment ........................................................................................... 267 JNDI ...................................................................................................... 267 Servlet API ............................................................................................. 267 Portlet API ............................................................................................. 268 Unit Testing support Classes .......................................................................... 268 General utilities ...................................................................................... 268 Spring MVC ........................................................................................... 268 10.3. Integration Testing ......................................................................................... 268 Overview ........................................................................................................ 268 Goals of Integration Testing ............................................................................ 269 Context management and caching ........................................................... 269 Dependency Injection of test fixtures ....................................................... 269 Transaction management ........................................................................ 270 Support classes for integration testing ..................................................... 270 JDBC Testing Support .................................................................................... 271 Annotations .................................................................................................... 271 Spring Testing Annotations ..................................................................... 271 Standard Annotation Support .................................................................. 276 Spring JUnit Testing Annotations ............................................................. 277 Meta-Annotation Support for Testing ........................................................ 278 Spring TestContext Framework ....................................................................... 279 Key abstractions ..................................................................................... 280 Context management .............................................................................. 281 Dependency injection of test fixtures ........................................................ 297 Testing request and session scoped beans .............................................. 299 Transaction management ........................................................................ 301 TestContext Framework support classes .................................................. 304 Spring MVC Test Framework .......................................................................... 306 Server-Side Tests ................................................................................... 306 Client-Side REST Tests .......................................................................... 312 PetClinic Example .......................................................................................... 313 10.4. Further Resources ......................................................................................... 314 IV. Data Access ..................................................................................................................... 316 11. Transaction Management .......................................................................................... 317 11.1. Introduction to Spring Framework transaction management .............................. 317 11.2. Advantages of the Spring Framework’s transaction support model ..................... 317 Global transactions ......................................................................................... 317 Local transactions ........................................................................................... 318 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation x Spring Framework’s consistent programming model ......................................... 318 11.3. Understanding the Spring Framework transaction abstraction ............................ 319 11.4. Synchronizing resources with transactions ....................................................... 323 High-level synchronization approach ................................................................ 323 Low-level synchronization approach ................................................................. 323 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy ................................................................. 324 11.5. Declarative transaction management ............................................................... 324 Understanding the Spring Framework’s declarative transaction implementation ... 325 Example of declarative transaction implementation ........................................... 326 Rolling back a declarative transaction .............................................................. 330 Configuring different transactional semantics for different beans ........................ 331 settings ....................................................................................... 333 Using @Transactional ..................................................................................... 335 @Transactional settings .......................................................................... 339 Multiple Transaction Managers with @Transactional ................................. 340 Custom shortcut annotations ................................................................... 341 Transaction propagation .................................................................................. 341 Required ................................................................................................ 342 RequiresNew .......................................................................................... 342 Nested ................................................................................................... 343 Advising transactional operations ..................................................................... 343 Using @Transactional with AspectJ ................................................................. 346 11.6. Programmatic transaction management ........................................................... 347 Using the TransactionTemplate ....................................................................... 347 Specifying transaction settings ................................................................ 349 Using the PlatformTransactionManager ............................................................ 349 11.7. Choosing between programmatic and declarative transaction management ........ 350 11.8. Application server-specific integration .............................................................. 350 IBM WebSphere ............................................................................................. 351 Oracle WebLogic Server ................................................................................. 351 11.9. Solutions to common problems ....................................................................... 351 Use of the wrong transaction manager for a specific DataSource ....................... 351 11.10. Further Resources ....................................................................................... 351 12. DAO support ............................................................................................................ 352 12.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 352 12.2. Consistent exception hierarchy ....................................................................... 352 12.3. Annotations used for configuring DAO or Repository classes ............................ 353 13. Data access with JDBC ............................................................................................ 355 13.1. Introduction to Spring Framework JDBC .......................................................... 355 Choosing an approach for JDBC database access ........................................... 355 Package hierarchy .......................................................................................... 356 13.2. Using the JDBC core classes to control basic JDBC processing and error handling ................................................................................................................. 357 JdbcTemplate ................................................................................................. 357 Examples of JdbcTemplate class usage ................................................... 357 JdbcTemplate best practices ................................................................... 359 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate ....................................................................... 361 SQLExceptionTranslator .................................................................................. 363 Executing statements ...................................................................................... 365 Running queries ............................................................................................. 365 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xi Updating the database .................................................................................... 366 Retrieving auto-generated keys ....................................................................... 367 13.3. Controlling database connections .................................................................... 367 DataSource .................................................................................................... 367 DataSourceUtils .............................................................................................. 369 SmartDataSource ........................................................................................... 369 AbstractDataSource ........................................................................................ 369 SingleConnectionDataSource .......................................................................... 369 DriverManagerDataSource .............................................................................. 369 TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy ................................................................. 370 DataSourceTransactionManager ...................................................................... 370 NativeJdbcExtractor ........................................................................................ 370 13.4. JDBC batch operations .................................................................................. 371 Basic batch operations with the JdbcTemplate ................................................. 371 Batch operations with a List of objects ............................................................. 372 Batch operations with multiple batches ............................................................ 373 13.5. Simplifying JDBC operations with the SimpleJdbc classes ................................ 374 Inserting data using SimpleJdbcInsert .............................................................. 374 Retrieving auto-generated keys using SimpleJdbcInsert .................................... 375 Specifying columns for a SimpleJdbcInsert ...................................................... 376 Using SqlParameterSource to provide parameter values ................................... 376 Calling a stored procedure with SimpleJdbcCall ............................................... 377 Explicitly declaring parameters to use for a SimpleJdbcCall ............................... 379 How to define SqlParameters .......................................................................... 380 Calling a stored function using SimpleJdbcCall ................................................. 381 Returning ResultSet/REF Cursor from a SimpleJdbcCall ................................... 381 13.6. Modeling JDBC operations as Java objects ..................................................... 382 SqlQuery ........................................................................................................ 383 MappingSqlQuery ........................................................................................... 383 SqlUpdate ...................................................................................................... 384 StoredProcedure ............................................................................................. 385 13.7. Common problems with parameter and data value handling .............................. 388 Providing SQL type information for parameters ................................................. 389 Handling BLOB and CLOB objects .................................................................. 389 Passing in lists of values for IN clause ............................................................ 390 Handling complex types for stored procedure calls ........................................... 391 13.8. Embedded database support .......................................................................... 392 Why use an embedded database? .................................................................. 392 Creating an embedded database instance using Spring XML ............................ 392 Creating an embedded database instance programmatically .............................. 392 Extending the embedded database support ...................................................... 393 Using HSQL ................................................................................................... 393 Using H2 ........................................................................................................ 393 Using Derby ................................................................................................... 393 Testing data access logic with an embedded database ..................................... 393 13.9. Initializing a DataSource ................................................................................. 394 Initializing a database instance using Spring XML ............................................. 394 Initialization of Other Components that Depend on the Database ............... 395 14. Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Data Access .......................................................... 397 14.1. Introduction to ORM with Spring ..................................................................... 397 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xii 14.2. General ORM integration considerations ......................................................... 398 Resource and transaction management ........................................................... 398 Exception translation ....................................................................................... 399 14.3. Hibernate ....................................................................................................... 399 SessionFactory setup in a Spring container ...................................................... 400 Implementing DAOs based on plain Hibernate 3 API ........................................ 400 Declarative transaction demarcation ................................................................ 402 Programmatic transaction demarcation ............................................................ 404 Transaction management strategies ................................................................ 405 Comparing container-managed and locally defined resources ............................ 407 Spurious application server warnings with Hibernate ......................................... 408 14.4. JDO .............................................................................................................. 409 PersistenceManagerFactory setup ................................................................... 409 Implementing DAOs based on the plain JDO API ............................................. 410 Transaction management ................................................................................ 412 JdoDialect ...................................................................................................... 413 14.5. JPA ............................................................................................................... 414 Three options for JPA setup in a Spring environment ........................................ 414 LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean .............................................................. 414 Obtaining an EntityManagerFactory from JNDI ......................................... 415 LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ............................................... 415 Dealing with multiple persistence units ..................................................... 417 Implementing DAOs based on plain JPA .......................................................... 418 Transaction Management ................................................................................ 420 JpaDialect ...................................................................................................... 421 15. Marshalling XML using O/X Mappers ......................................................................... 423 15.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 423 Ease of configuration ...................................................................................... 423 Consistent Interfaces ...................................................................................... 423 Consistent Exception Hierarchy ....................................................................... 423 15.2. Marshaller and Unmarshaller .......................................................................... 423 Marshaller ...................................................................................................... 423 Unmarshaller .................................................................................................. 424 XmlMappingException ..................................................................................... 425 15.3. Using Marshaller and Unmarshaller ................................................................. 425 15.4. XML Schema-based Configuration .................................................................. 427 15.5. JAXB ............................................................................................................. 427 Jaxb2Marshaller ............................................................................................. 428 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 428 15.6. Castor ........................................................................................................... 429 CastorMarshaller ............................................................................................ 429 Mapping ......................................................................................................... 429 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 429 15.7. XMLBeans ..................................................................................................... 430 XmlBeansMarshaller ....................................................................................... 430 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 430 15.8. JiBX .............................................................................................................. 431 JibxMarshaller ................................................................................................ 431 XML Schema-based Configuration ........................................................... 431 15.9. XStream ........................................................................................................ 432 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xiii XStreamMarshaller ......................................................................................... 432 V. The Web ........................................................................................................................... 434 16. Web MVC framework ................................................................................................ 435 16.1. Introduction to Spring Web MVC framework .................................................... 435 Features of Spring Web MVC ......................................................................... 436 Pluggability of other MVC implementations ...................................................... 437 16.2. The DispatcherServlet .................................................................................... 437 Special Bean Types In the WebApplicationContext ........................................... 440 Default DispatcherServlet Configuration ........................................................... 441 DispatcherServlet Processing Sequence .......................................................... 441 16.3. Implementing Controllers ................................................................................ 443 Defining a controller with @Controller .............................................................. 443 Mapping Requests With Using @RequestMapping ........................................... 444 New Support Classes for @RequestMapping methods in Spring MVC 3.1 .. 446 URI Template Patterns ........................................................................... 447 URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions ..................................... 448 Path Patterns ......................................................................................... 449 Patterns with Placeholders ...................................................................... 449 Matrix Variables ...................................................................................... 449 Consumable Media Types ....................................................................... 450 Producible Media Types .......................................................................... 451 Request Parameters and Header Values ................................................. 451 Defining @RequestMapping handler methods .................................................. 452 Supported method argument types .......................................................... 452 Supported method return types ............................................................... 454 Binding request parameters to method parameters with @RequestParam ... 455 Mapping the request body with the @RequestBody annotation .................. 456 Mapping the response body with the @ResponseBody annotation ............. 457 Creating REST Controllers with the @RestController annotation ................ 457 Using HttpEntity ...................................................................................... 457 Using @ModelAttribute on a method ....................................................... 458 Using @ModelAttribute on a method argument ......................................... 459 Using @SessionAttributes to store model attributes in the HTTP session between requests ................................................................................... 461 Specifying redirect and flash attributes ..................................................... 461 Working with "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" data ............................ 462 Mapping cookie values with the @CookieValue annotation ........................ 462 Mapping request header attributes with the @RequestHeader annotation ... 463 Method Parameters And Type Conversion ............................................... 463 Customizing WebDataBinder initialization ................................................. 464 Support for the Last-Modified Response Header To Facilitate Content Caching ................................................................................................. 465 Assisting Controllers with the @ControllerAdvice annotation ...................... 465 Asynchronous Request Processing .................................................................. 466 Exception Handling for Async Requests ................................................... 467 Intercepting Async Requests ................................................................... 467 Configuration for Async Request Processing ............................................ 468 Testing Controllers ......................................................................................... 469 16.4. Handler mappings .......................................................................................... 469 Intercepting requests with a HandlerInterceptor ................................................ 469 Spring Framework 4.0.0.RELEASE Spring Framework Reference Documentation xiv 16.5. Resolving views ............................................................................................. 471 Resolving views with the ViewResolver interface .............................................. 471 Chaining ViewResolvers ................................................................................. 473 Redirecting to views ....................................................................................... 474 RedirectView .......................................................................................... 474 The redirect: prefix ................................................................................. 475 The forward: prefix ................................................................................. 475 ContentNegotiatingViewResolver ..................................................................... 475 16.6. Using flash attributes ..................................................................................... 478 16.7. Building URIs ................................................................................................. 479 16.8. Building URIs to Controllers and methods ....................................................... 480 16.9. Using locales ................................................................................................. 480 Obtaining Time Zone Information .................................................................... 481 AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver .......................................................................... 481 CookieLocaleResolver ..................................................................................... 481 SessionLocaleResolver ................................................................................... 481 LocaleChangeInterceptor ................................................................................ 482 16.10. Using themes ............................................................................................... 482 Overview of themes ........................................................................................ 482 Defining themes ............................................................................................. 482 Theme resolvers ............................................................................................. 483 16.11. Spring’s multipart (file upload) support ........................................................... 483 Introduction .................................................................................................... 483 Using a MultipartResolver with Commons FileUpload ........................................ 484 Using a MultipartResolver with Servlet 3.0 ....................................................... 484 Handling a file upload in a form ...................................................................... 484 Handling a file upload request from programmatic clients .................................. 486 16.12. Handling exceptions ..................................................................................... 486 HandlerExceptionResolver ............

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