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help PC V2.10下载
weixin_39821260
2019-08-14 06:00:21
helpPC, IRQ, 汇编语言， 信息
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help PC V2.10下载
helpPC, IRQ, 汇编语言， 信息 相关下载链接：//download.csdn.net/download/hzj0101/4884981?utm_source=bbsseo
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help
PC
V2
.
10
help
PC
, IRQ, 汇编语言， 信息
eac3to V3.17
v3.17 * updated libFLAC to version 1.2.1 * added a flush after every log line to
help
GUIs * "eac3to some.mpls" now also works if the stream files aren't there, anymore * fixed: number of subtitles was not appended to demuxed subtitles' file name * fixed: dialnorm removal (for Nero decoder) failed with some 2.0 TrueHD files v3.16 * added undocumented "-no2ndpass" switch to turn off 2nd pass processing * fixed: two pass processing sometimes produced superfluous sup files * fixed: MPG/EVO/VOB audio tracks with "PES extension 2" were not detected * fixed: very small W64/RF64 files were not detected correctly * fixed: when processing was aborted, log file was sometimes not created * fixed: sometimes specifying a title number addressed the wrong HD DVD title v3.15 * "24.975" is now interpreted as "25.000/1.001" * Blu-Ray "sup" are demuxed with DTS set to 0 again, proper fix will come later * fixed: error code not set for "source file format could not be detected" * fixed: audio resampling from/to 24.975 didn't work properly * fixed: WAV files beginning with lots of zeroes were sometimes not accepted v3.14 * WAV reading was broken for all but very small files (introduced in v3.13) v3.13 * fields and frames are counted and displayed separately now * added DIRAC bitstream parser * added support for "-24.975" and "-changeto24.975" * Blu-Ray subtitle demuxing: PTS value is now written to both PTS + DTS * joining MKV files is now declined with a proper error message * last chapter is now removed, if it's less than
10
seconds from end of movie * fixed: "-normalize" didn't work with stdout, anymore * fixed: audio delay was incorrect when 1st m2ts part contained no audio data * fixed: very small WAV files were not detected correctly * fixed: "eac3to source.eac3 dest.dts -core" crashed v3.12 * fixed: track languages for HD DVD discs were not shown * fixed: MLP channel order was wrong for some specific channel configurations * fixed: "DirectShow reported 255 channels" happened sometimes v3.11 * fixed: MKV subtitle track language wasn't shown v3.
10
* Blu-Ray title listing now includes chapter information * fixed: v3.09 didn't show track languages for Blu-Rays v3.09 * added support for MKV "SRT/UTF8", "SRT/ASCII", "ASS" and "SSA" subtitles * increased some internal buffers to avoid AC3 overflow in the "thd ac3 joiner" * fixed: frame counting didn't work for MKV video tracks * fixed: video track FPS change was sometimes declined * fixed: video tracks with "strange" FPS were sometimes handled incorrectly * fixed: clipping removal 2nd pass was executed even for "stdout" * fixed: "eac3to -test" displayed an outdated Nero download link * fixed: specifying a specific playlist still used default playlist's chapters v3.08 * fixed: reading physical disc speed was abysmal (introduced in v3.07) * fixed: read error from physical drive resulted in crash v3.07 * added support for MKV video tracks without sequence headers in bitstream * added support for old style MKV AAC tracks * added support for various MKV "A_MS/ACM" audio formats * added support for various MKV "V_MS/VFW/FOURCC" video formats * added warning for tracks where bitstream parsing failed * demuxing a video track now also complains about video gaps/overlaps * the "-check" option now also complains about video gaps/overlaps * optimized memory allocation * fixed: adding subtitle caption count to filenames sometimes didn't work * fixed: subtitle caption counts in log sometimes had wrong track numbers * fixed: all non-supported MKV tracks shared the same description * fixed: incorrect framerate mismatch complaint was shown for pulldown sources * fixed: FLAC tracks in MKV files don't slow down detection, anymore * fixed: source file detection read 300MB from every source file v3.06 * added MKV reading/parsing support * added demux support for MKV (E-)AC3, DTS(-HD), AAC, MPx, FLAC and WAV tracks * added demux support for MKV "modern style" MPEG2, VC-1 and h264/AVC tracks * reading from (HD) DVD and Blu-Ray drives uses different reading APIs now * empty tracks in TS/m2ts container are not listed, anymore * for 24.000 fps video tracks a little warning is displayed now * when demuxing subtitle files, the number of captions is added to the filename * timestamp derived FPS is used for gap checking instead of video bitstream FPS * fixed: 44.1khz AC3 encoding was still broken * fixed: zero byte stripping pass was done for true 24bit TrueHD tracks * fixed: downconverting WAV files with 0x3f channel mask didn't work * fixed: log output "remaining delay [...]" was sometimes wrong for AC3 tracks * fixed: silent frame creation was tried for E-AC3 although it can't work v3.05 * warning is shown if h264 video bitstream contains "full range" flag * h264 video bitstream "full range" flag is automatically removed * you can disable removal of the "full range" flag by doing "-keepFullRange" * added reader for external DVD, HD DVD and Blu-Ray SUP files * external SUP files can be delayed now * number of HD DVD and DVD subtitles in SUP track is counted and displayed * number of forced and non-forced Blu-Ray subtitles in SUP track is displayed * "-check" option now also works for demuxed audio, video and subtitle tracks * when reading from physical disc drive, 2KB (instead of 1MB) blocks are read * improved automatic skipping over damaged first 5MB of TS/m2ts files * fixed: resampling and Surcode encoding didn't work in one step * fixed: TRP detection crashed * fixed: track listing sometimes contained tracks without description * fixed: h264 with missing framerate in 1st sequence header made eac3to crash * fixed: some AC3WAV files were not detected correctly * fixed: video frame count was not displayed when 2nd pass was executed v3.04 * video track framerates are now shown with up to 3 decimals, if necessary * m2ts/TS framerate is determined by interpreting video track timestamps * m2ts/TS framerate is displayed in the format description (if available) * warning is shown if container timestamps don't match video framerate * warning is shown if video bitstream has a non-standard framerate * video without framerate information: container framerate is used * video without framerate information: framerate can be set (e.g. "-23.976") * video without framerate information: new framerate is written to bitstream * remaining non-fixed audio delay is now shown in log * command prompt colors are restored after eac3to has run through * fixed: 2-pass processing for stripping zero bytes sometimes crashed * fixed: CA (Conditional Access) tracks were shown as "Unknown audio track" v3.03 * fixed: MPEG2
10
88 to
10
80 cropping was still incomplete v3.02 * fixed: VC-1 stream handling was broken * fixed: destination file extension "*.l
pc
m" didn't work with 2pass processing * fixed: MPEG2
10
88 to
10
80 cropping was incomplete * fixed: no log was being created when "temp file could not be interpreted" v3.01 * fixed: m2ts LCPM demuxing didn't work with v3.00 * fixed: TrueHD -> TrueHD+AC3 conversion didn't work with v3.00 v3.00 * broken AC3, DTS, AAC and MPx streams are now automatically repaired * errors in TS/m2ts files are now reported (with runtime) and ignored * damaged first max 5MB and max 5% of a TS/m2ts file are automatically skipped * video/audio tracks which can't be parsed, are now demuxed in raw form * added support for "line 21" closed captions in ATSC/NTSC broadcasts and DVDs * added reading of movie / network name from "line 21" XDS information * for gaps, edits & repairs >
10
00ms eac3to now inserts silence by default * for gaps, edits & repairs <
10
00ms eac3to now loops audio by default * option "-silence" forces eac3to to insert silence instead of looping audio * option "-loop" forces eac3to to loop audio instead of inserting silence * newly encoded AC3 frame is now used for "silence" instead of file's 1st frame * increased reading block size (might improve reading performance) * optimized TS/m2ts demuxing performance * optimized MPEG2, VC-1 and h264 parsing performance * command line output is colored now (e.g. errors drawn in red) * MPEG2 1920x
10
88 bitstream is now automatically patched/cropped to 1920x
10
80 * log file now contains "
" and "
" indicators * workaround for movie playlists which want the same m2ts file played twice * added version check for eac3to (doh!) * when a read error occurs, reading is tried again up to 3 times * (E-)AC3 frames with -0db dialnorm are now automatically patched to -31db * updated to newer libAften build -> fixes 44.1khz encoding * fixed: sometimes "The last DTS frame is incomplete" was a false alarm * fixed: mkvtoolnix version check didn't work, anymore * fixed: errors were meant to be output to stderr, but they weren't * fixed: automatic gap/overlap fixing with AAC targets aborted processing * fixed: positive edit began a bit too early * fixed: two ID3 tags after each other made eac3to fail detecting the format * fixed: some VOB files were not detected properly
v2
.87 * fixed: negative edit was done too late (introduced in
v2
.86)
v2
.86 * fixed: "1:some.ac3" instead of "1: some.ac3" failed for 2 digit track numbers * fixed: "eac3to source movie.mkv" demuxed video instead of muxing to MKV * negative edit now begins at the specified runtime instead of ending there
v2
.85 * using "eac3to source video.h264" doesn't demux audio/subtitle tracks, anymore * using "eac3to source movie.*" demuxes video, audio and subtitle tracks * using "eac3to source 1: video.* 2: audio.*" demuxes the specified tracks * AC3 and E-AC3 dialnorm removal now uses "-31db" instead of "-0db" * workaround for DTS files where last byte is missing in each audio frame * fixed:
v2
.84 sometimes crashed when parsing HD DVD XML files * fixed:
v2
.84 sometimes chose incorrect XML file * fixed:
v2
.84 sometimes chose wrong m2ts playlist file * fixed: some actions were eventually applied twice when "-2pass" was used * fixed: AAC encoding quality "quality=0.0x" was passed to Nero as "0.x"
v2
.84 * fixed: 2nd pass gap removal was tried (and failed) for TrueHD+AC3 targets * fixed: processing aborted when trying to fix gaps in
PC
M destination files * fixed: more than one RAW/
PC
M overlaps resulted in lost sync (since
v2
.81) * fixed: demuxing TrueHD+AC3 stream by title number didn't renew the AC3 part * new option for removing or looping audio data, e.g. "-edit=0:20:47,-
10
0ms" * title sorting criteria changed: resolution is more important than runtime * new option "-lowPriority" sets eac3to to background/idle priority * libav warnings are now assigned to the affected audio track * fixed: "lossless check failed" false alarms for seamless branching movies * fixed: spike removal filter was not active for the very last overlap/gap * improved muxing h264 streams which begin with double sequence headers * source files are now opened with "share read + write access" * destination files are now opened with "share read access"
v2
.83 * fixed: gap/overlap correction didn't work for FLAC and WAV files * fixed: when clipping was detected, 2nd pass was not always executed correctly
v2
.82 * fixed: sometimes eac3to stalled before processing (introduced in
v2
.81)
v2
.81 * audio gap/overlap fixing is now automatically done in a 2nd pass * option "-normalize" maximizes the volume of the audio data, needs 2 passes * audio clipping is detected and automatically removed in a 2nd pass * "-2pass" activates 2 pass mode (can speedup seamless branching processing) * superfluous zero bytes are now automatically removed in 2nd pass * "-phaseShift" shifts surround channel phase by 90?for DPL II downmixing * spike removal post processing filter now always produces 16bit samples * empty channels are now reported by the bitdepth analyzer as "no audio data" * option "-shutdown" shuts the
PC
down automatically after processing is done * the HD DVD XPL with the longest title is now loaded instead of VPLST000.XPL * eac3to can now open selected XPL files (e.g. "eac3to ADV_OBJ\VPLS002.XPL") * eac3to can now open selected mpls files (e.g. "eac3to PLAYLIST\00002.mpls") * fixed: TrueHD streams starting with a non-major header failed to decode * fixed: WAV files created by eac3to with empty channels had incorrect header * fixed: RAW/
PC
M gap/overlap remover sometimes didn't work correctly
v2
.80 * fixed: FLAC files with missing runtime information were not accepted * gone back to old VOB/EVO auto delay calculation method, more reliable for me * improved TS broadcast audio delay detection * added support for constant bitrate AAC encoding * added support for AAC encoding 0.00 and 1.00 quality
v2
.79 * improved m2ts file joining overlap detection (mainly for interlaced video) * vob/evo audio delay detection now uses "vobu start presentation time" * program streams which are neither VOB nor EVO are now reported as "MPG" * resampling is now automatically activated for AC3/DTS encoding, if necessary * "Mersenne Twister" random number generator is used for dithering now * zero padded DTS tracks are now displayed as such * fixed: 32bit
PC
M conversion to floating point was broken * fixed: with some (rare) movies first subtitle began after 50 minutes runtime * only plugins with the extension *.dll are loaded now
v2
.78 * fixed: h264 interlaced muxing to MKV could result in too long runtime * fixed: transcoding DTS-HD/E-AC3 core sometimes failed to work correctly * improved TS/m2ts audio delay detection * added filter to remove spikes when fixing gaps/overlaps in RAW/
PC
M audio * each eac3to instance has its own log file now * playlist output now also works with "-log" option * default bitrate for mono & stereo AC3 encodes lowered to 448kbps * default bitrate for mono & stereo DTS encodes lowered to 768kbps * it should be possible to handle TsSplitter splitted TS files via "+" now
v2
.77 *
pc
m/raw audio delay is now applied before resampling and fps change * parsing of command line with multiple sources files sometimes failed
v2
.76 * "-slowdown" now works to convert 24.000 movies to 23.976 * "-speedup" now works to convert 24.000 movies to 25.000 * option "-xx.xxx" (e.g. "-24.000") sets the FPS of the source track * option "-changeToXx.xxx" (e.g. "-changeTo23.976") changes video/audio FPS * modified FPS information is written to video bitstream (VC-1, MPEG2, h264) * demuxing with FPS change option now activates audio track transcoding * SSRC resampling parameters modified slightly to reduce steepness and ringing * fixed incorrect h264 movie slowdown gap/overlap complaints * fixed DTS-HD High Resolution bitrate calculation * dithering is now done differently per channel
v2
.75 * added (E-)AC3 5.1 "EX" detection * added (E-)AC3 2.0 "Surround" detection * added (E-)AC3 2.0 "Headphone" detection * NeroAacEnc is now fed with up to 32bit float (if available) * resampling option "-quality=low|high|ultra" not supported, anymore * new option "-fast" switches SSRC resampler to fast, but low quality mode * new option "-r8brain" forces use of r8brain resampler instead of SSRC * added support for AES3
PC
M streams in TS container * started working on encoder plugin interface
v2
.74 * "-demux" failed to work for DTS-HD and "TrueHD/AC3" tracks in
v2
.73 * fixed: DTS-HD tracks could make processing abort at the very end of the movie
v2
.73 * changed TS demuxing logic to make the broken (!) new SkyHD broadcasts work * DTS core and "TrueHD/AC3" AC3 parameters are displayed separately now * when using "-core" option, eac3to now bases its decisions on core parameters * added WAV/W64/RF64 read/write support for 32bit
PC
M and 32/64 bit float * option "-full" allows WAV/W64/RF64 output to be native (default <= 24bit
PC
M) * Surcode DTS encoding is now done with up to 32bit float (if available) * Aften AC3 encoding is now done with up to 64bit float (if available)
v2
.72 * fixed: per channel bitdepth analyzation didn't work correctly
v2
.71 * fixed:
v2
.70 detected Blu-Rays as "TS" without chapters and track languages * fixed: TrueHD downmixing to 2.0 didn't work
v2
.70 * added floating point support to the complete audio processing chain * added gain functionality, e.g. "-3db" or "+1db" * bitdepth analyzation is now done separately for each channel * fixed: when decoding lossy audio with libav, peaks were clipped incorrectly * fixed: libav MP1/2/3 decoder output was cut down to 24bit * fixed: with some EVO sources the AC3 track was not listed * fixed: if no key frame was found, h264 track in m2(ts) was not listed * fixed: video/audio data before first PAT/PMT was discarded * Blu-Ray chapters now don't contain link points, anymore, unless necessary * added
10
db boost to LFE channel, when "-down2" and "-mixlfe" are used * ArcSoft output can now be overwritten to "-2", "-6", "-7" or "-8" channels
v2
.69 * added high precision SSRC resampler * resampling "-quality" now allows "low", "high" (SSRC) or "ultra" (r8brain) * resampling quality now defaults to "high" (SSRC) * bitdepth is now analyzed separately for original vs. processed data * fixed: downmixing 16 bit DTS tracks to 5.1 or 2.0 didn't work * fixed: Sonic Decoder was incorrectly assumed to decode XXCh DTS files to 6.1 * for movies the Haali Muxer can't handle "-seekToIFrames" is suggested now
v2
.68 * fixed crash when transcoding Blu-Ray/HD DVD track to FLAC
v2
.67 * information about HDCD and real bitdepth is now stored into FLAC metadata * information about real bitdepth is now read from FLAC metadata * PTS break: PTS is increased by 1 frame (fixes some false overlap warnings) * fixed: video gap log text was sometimes not correct (runtime information) * added undocumented switch "-neroaacenc="c:\whatever\neroaacenc.exe"" * error log messages are now output to stderr instead of stdout * improved "which mkvtoolnix is currently installed?" check * fixed: mkvtoolnix version check "Oct" date was not interpreted correctly
v2
.66 * changed eac3to to allow AAC encoding with 7.1 channels (for new Nero encoder) * fixed AGM creation for files bigger than 4GB * added support for Nero's new AAC Encoder download URL * lowered volume of error/success sounds * when there are 2 similar playlists the one with less chapters is ignored now
v2
.65 * automatic channel remapping for 6.1 tracks with wrong channel mask * automatic channel remapping for ArcSoft DTS decoder 6.1 tracks * fixed: TrueHD -> Surcode encoding didn't work, anymore * fixed: MPEG2 + h264 video gap/overlap removal didn't work properly
v2
.64 * added channel mask reading support to Blu-Ray
PC
M track parser * added channel mask reading support to TrueHD parser * added channel mask reading & writing support to FLAC decoder / encoder * changed 5.x channel mask from $03x to $60x * changed 6.x channel mask from $13x to $70x * mono wavs output now creates correct names for some channel masks * when transcoding 6.1 sources to
PC
M, 7 channel doubling is activated now * fixed: DTS channelmask detection was incorrect for very strange configs * fixed: sometimes the h264 video stream of a Blu-Ray m2ts was not detected
v2
.63 * fixed: incorrect detection of 6.0 DTS tracks as 5.0 * fixed: incorrect libav DTS channel remapping for 6.x or 7.x tracks * fixed: incorrect ArcSoft DTS channel remapping for "6.0" and "2/2.1" tracks * fixed:
v2
.61+62 incorrectly decoded 16bit TrueHD tracks to 24bit FLAC/WAV/RAW * fixed: some DTSWAV files made HDCD decoder crash * fixed: DTSWAV and AC3WAV samplerate and bitdepth were reported incorrectly * improved DirectShow channel configuration reporting * undocumented option -progressnumbers now outputs "analyze:" and "process:"
v2
.62 * fixed: downmixing 16 bit 7.1 DTS tracks to 5.1 stopped working in
v2
.61
v2
.61 * option "-no7doubling" is not supported anymore * option "-double7" added which u
pc
onverts 6.1 to 7.1 * added read/write support for Sony wave64 (*.w64) format * added read/write support for RF64 wave64 (*.rf64) format * added write support for AGM format * true bitdepth (e.g. 18 bits) is written to extensible wav header now * when reading 16/24 (true/storage) WAV files, zero bytes are stripped now * added HDCD detection for WAV and FLAC files * added HDCD detection for
PC
M tracks in VOB/EVO/m2ts containers * added HDCD decoder written by Christopher Key * added new option "-decodeHdcd" to decode HDCD information * HDCD track -> lossy format: HDCD decoding is automatically activated * when DTS-MA and TrueHD tracks are decoded, a check for HDCD is done * fixed some incorrect DTS channel masks * added automatic libav DTS channel remapping * added automatic ArcSoft DTS channel remapping * added channel map manipulation to make funny DTS tracks decode with Sonic * added channel map manipulation to make funny DTS tracks decode with ArcSoft * added channel volume modification to undo ArcSoft mono surround splitting * for TrueHD+AC3 creation AC3 delay and gap correction are disabled now * fixed: DTSWAV and DTSAC3 readers reported too long runtime * fixed: sometimes processing aborted with a "bitdepth reducer" complaint
v2
.60 * fixed: in
v2
.59 "-analyzeBitdepth" stopped working for Blu-Ray TrueHD tracks
v2
.59 * extension ".thd+ac3" is supported now to define destination format * TrueHD tracks without AC3 core can be converted to TrueHD/AC3 now * demuxing a single-part Blu-Ray title keeps the original "TrueHD/AC3" data * demuxing a multi-part Blu-Ray title automatically redoes the AC3 substream * added workaround for Blu-Ray playlists with multiple last "invalid" parts * fixed: "-check" didn't work for L
PC
M tracks
v2
.58 * h264 parser rewritten: framerate, pulldown etc is detected reliably now * h264 pulldown is automatically removed from progressive movie sources now * h264 pulldown removal can be disabled by using "-keepPulldown" * h264 muxing now fully supports streams with mixed 23.976 and 29.970 content * h264 1920x
10
88 bitstream is now automatically patched/cropped to 1920x
10
80 * h264 filler data is now already removed during demuxing * h264 sources with funny framerates (e.g. Luxe.tv HD) are patched to 25fps now * mixed video/movie h264 streams are now always muxed with 29.970 timestamps * speedup/slowdown now changes framerate information in the h264 bitstream * options "-24p", "-60i" and "-30p" are no longer supported * fixed Blu-Ray seamless branching subtitle remuxing * added workaround for Blu-Ray playlists with a last small "invalid" m2ts part * bitdepth analyzation is now done for decoded FLAC, WAV,
PC
M, DTS MA, too * bitrate is now also reported for FLAC, WAV and
PC
M tracks * when encoding AC3, DTS or AAC, the encoding bitrate is reported * fixed:
v2
.57 incorrectly decoded 16bit TrueHD tracks to 24bit FLAC/WAV/RAW * (M2)TS discontinuities before the first unit start are ignored now * new option "-progressnumbers" replaces progress bar with percentage numbers
v2
.57 * added automated support for Nero AAC command line encoder * added "quality=0.xx" (0.00 - 0.99) parameter to control AAC encoder quality * added Nero AAC encoder check to the "-test" list * "-test" checks whether a new Haali Matroska Muxer version is available * "-test" checks whether a new MkvToolnix release build is available * "-test" checks whether a new MkvToolnix beta build is available * "-test" checks whether a new Nero AAC encoder version is available * added TRP container support (TS files without PMT/PAT) * parameter "-extensible" is no longer supported (it's default now) * new parameter "-simple" can be used to disable the "-extensible" wav header * decoded TrueHD tracks: bitdepth is now automatically analyzed in more detail * option "-analyzeBitdepth" manually activates extended bitdepth analyzation * DVB subtitle tracks are listed now - can't be demuxed, though * option "-check" doesn't fail on DTS Express tracks, anymore
v2
.56 * fixed: processing aborted when a VC-1 sequence end code was found
v2
.55 * AAC bitstream parser added * AAC auto detection added * AAC bitstream delay added * AAC bitstream gap/overlap correction added * AAC decoding (Nero & Sonic) added * old MP2 parser now "officially" and properly supports MP1, MP2 and MP3 * MP3 decoding (libav & Nero) added * added support for MPEG Audio version 2 and version 2.5 * added (limited) support for ID3, APE and LYRICS tags in MP3 and AAC tracks * improved VOB/EVO audio delay detection algorithm * detection and automatic skipping of invalid vob units * options "-60i" and "-24p" are no longer supported for MPEG2 video * improved detection of MPEG2 framerate / pulldown state / mode * improved MPEG2 muxing warnings * several bugs in MPEG2 video muxing fixed * fixed interlaced VC-1 muxing with user data (Nine Inch Nails)
v2
.54 * VC-1 pulldown removal rewritten (comparable to vc1conv 0.4, but faster) * VC-1 pulldown removal is activated by default * VC-1 pulldown removal can be manually deactivated by "-keepPulldown" option * VC-1 pulldown removal is also available and activated when muxing to MKV now * fixed Blu-Ray subtitle demuxing for seamless branching movies * better task separation when doing multiple operations with an audio track
v2
.53 * Blu-Ray PGS subtitle demuxing support added * added support for EVO/VOB subtitles which begin very late in the file * MPEG2 video muxing doesn't rely on GOP headers, anymore * all (M2)TS discontinuities are now reported with exact file position * fixed: reading language information from TS files didn't work correctly
v2
.52 * fixed muxing of MPEG2 broadcasts where "temporal_reference" overruns * MPEG2 bitstream headers are now updated correctly when speedup is performed * MPEG2 bitstream headers are now updated correctly when slowdown is performed * MPEG2 bitstream headers are now updated correctly when pulldown is removed * pulldown removal is now automatically disabled for MPEG2 broadcasts * AC3WAV (SPDIF formatted) support added
v2
.51 * DTS Express bitstream parser added * DTS Express auto detection added * DTS Express bitstream delay added * DTS Express bitstream gap/overlap correction added * DTS Express decoding (Nero & ArcSoft) added * fixed: 6.1 -> 7.1 channel doubling resulted in wrong channel order * added (undocum.) option "-no7doubling" to disable 6.1 -> 7.1 channel doubling * DTS tracks with funny speaker settings are displayed as "7.1 (strange setup)" * warning is displayed when decoding "7.1 (strange setup)" tracks with ArcSoft
v2
.50 * ArcSoft DTS Decoder DLL is now directly accessed instead of using DirectShow
v2
.49 * DTS parser sets correct channel mask now * DTS-HD parser now properly detects format, channels and samplerate * added support for ArcSoft DTS(-HD) Decoder * added several tweaks to make ArcSoft Decoder behave correctly * added ArcSoft test to the "-test" processing * made ArcSoft Decoder default for DTS and DTS-HD decoding
v2
.48 * 96kHz L
PC
M tracks in (M2)TS and EVO/VOB containers didn't work correctly * "Applying (E-)AC3 delay" now only shows if the bitstream is actually modified * fixed crash in MP2 reader when checking some
PC
M tracks * added support for MLP formats 13 - 16 * improved/corrected MLP channel descriptions * MLP parser sets correct channel mask * added proper channel remaps for libav MLP decoding of "funny" channel formats * added proper channel remaps for Nero MLP decoding of "funny" channel formats * added proper channel remaps for Nero AC3 decoding of "funny" channel formats * when doubling 7th channel the channel mask is set correctly now * channel mask is corrected if a decoder doesn't output all channels * channel mask is corrected if channel downmixing is performed
v2
.47 * improved detection of AC3/DTS tracks in TS/M2TS container * added support for Blu-Ray style L
PC
M tracks in TS container * fixed 44.1kHz AC3 tracks * fixed crazy audio delay values when no video track was detected * sometimes video/audio tracks were not properly detected in (M2)TS container * MPEG2 demuxing/remuxing incorrectly output the first sequence headers twice * sequence end codes are removed when demuxing video now, too * MPEG2 pulldown removal is automatically activated only for EVO HD sources now * MPEG2 pulldown removal can be manually activated by using "-stripPulldown" * MPEG2 pulldown removal can be disabled by using "-keepPulldown"
v2
.46 * MPEG2 muxing now fully supports streams with mixed 23.976 and 29.970 content * mixed video/movie MPEG2 streams are now always muxed with 29.970 timestamps * if a movie MPEG2 stream goes video, processing is automatically restarted * MPEG2 pulldown is now automatically removed whenever an MPEG2 stream is read * new option "-keepPulldown" can be used to disable MPEG2 pulldown removal * corrected default WAV channel masks for 4.0, 6.1 and 7.1 * added proper channel remaps for libav AC3 decoding of "funny" channel formats * added general channel mask support * WAV parser reads channel mask from extensible header * (E-)AC3 parser sets correct channel mask
v2
.45 * Blu-Ray angles are now reported as separate titles * duplicate playlists are not listed in the "folder view", anymore * reduced TrueHD and RAW/
PC
M gap/overlap threshold to 7ms * reduced (E-)AC3 gap/overlap threshold to 60% of the runtime of one audio frame * reduced MP2 gap/overlap threshold to 60% of the runtime of one MP2 frame * reduced DTS threshold to 60% of the runtime of one DTS frame, but at least 7ms * fixed: Blu-Ray chapter export sometimes wrote incorrect "00:00:00.000" items * improved handling of MPEG2 streams (changes from interlaced to progressive) * video information now shows "with pulldown flags", if applicable * removed "-ignoreDiscon" from
help
; hint is shown when a discontinuity occurs * added "-ignoreEncrypt" option; hint is shown when a source is encrypted * new option "-extensible" creates WAV files with a slightly different header * fixed some smaller bugs
v2
.44 * libav is now automatically used when Nero/Sonic decoders are not working * gap/overlap correction of RAW/
PC
M tracks sometimes aborted * rerunning de/remuxing to correct gaps/overlaps ignored RAW/
PC
M tracks * "lossless check failed" messages are surpressed on join points now
v2
.43 * added automatic Blu-Ray playlist parsing * added support for multi part (e.g. seamless branching) Blu-Ray titles * audio gap/overlap detection rewrite completed * added audio gap/overlap correction functionality * added Blu-Ray chapter support * log lines are now prefixed with a track identifier * RAW/
PC
M delay is used instead of bitstream delay, if possible * fixed: video framecount was missing
v2
.42 * added support for 16bit DTSWAV files * fixed: Blu-Ray TrueHD support was broken
v2
.41 * added full MP2 (MPEG2 audio) support including decoding + bitstream delay * added TS/M2TS runtime detection * improved VOB/EVO runtime detection * added TrueHD gap/overlap detection * audio gap/overlap detection logic rewritten (not complete yet) * fixed: log file option didn't work correctly * fixed: some DTS tracks in PAL TS broadcasts weren't detected correctly * fixed: some E-AC3 tracks in PAL TS broadcasts weren't detected correctly
v2
.40 * video framecount is now also shown for TS/M2TS demuxing/remuxing * "-check" option added to check container for corruption * TS/M2TS: discontinuity check sometimes fired false alarms * HD DVD subtitle language/description was not always correct * title listing is only shown if there are at least 2 titles * if there is only one title, the title is automatically selected * TS/M2TS audio delay detection was broken * improved audio delay detection for broadcasts and badly mastered discs * TS/M2TS video demuxing could eventually add some invalid data * new option "log=c:\whatever\log.txt" specifies the log file path/name
v2
.39 * simple audio transcoding was broken
v2
.38 * fixed file path handling bug
v2
.37 * added HD DVD chapter support * added HD DVD subtitle demuxing support * added pre-freeze detection for Haali Matroska Muxer bug * invalid characters are removed from file names now * log file is copied to destination path (of first destination file)
v2
.36 * TS/M2TS: discontinuity is only checked for tracks which are de- or remuxed * TS/M2TS: "-demux" creates both a "thd" and an "ac3" file for "thd/ac3" tracks * TS/M2TS: "eac3to source.m2ts movie.mkv" transcodes "thd/ac3" tracks to FLAC * M2TS: track language is displayed (if the file "xxxxx.clpi" is available) * TS: track language is displayed (if the source file contains this info) * video gaps/overlaps in the last 5 seconds of the movie are ignored now
v2
.35 * fixed broken EVO support
v2
.34 * TS/M2TS: fixed PAT/PMT reading bug * TS/M2TS: new "-ignoreDiscon" option makes eac3to ignore discontinuity errors
v2
.33 * added full TS and M2TS support (file joining not supported yet, though) * further improved "-demux" file names *
help
text and HD DVD track listing is now also written to the log
v2
.32 * added automatic "VPLST000.XPL" and "HVA00001.VTI" parsing * "eac3to" or "eac3to ." inside of a HD DVD folder lists all title sets * "eac3to someHdDvdMovieFolder" lists all title sets * "eac3to someHdDvdMovieFolder whatever.mkv" converts the longest title set * "eac3to someHdDvdMovieFolder x) whatever.mkv" converts the selected title set * EVO report now contains the EVO display name (if "VPLST000.XPL" is available) * added language to EVO audio track listing (if "VPLST000.XPL" is available) * added EVO audio track display names (if "VPLST000.XPL" is available) * sequence end codes are stripped from VC-1, MPEG2 and h264/AVC * put "-stripPulldown" option back in on request * option "-demux" now writes to "current directory" instead of source directory * option "-demux" now creates files with meaningful names * doing "eac3to src.evo dst.mkv" now creates audio files with meaningful names * doing "eac3to src.evo dst.mkv" writes the audio files to same path as the MKV * after successful (erroneous) processing "success.wav" (error.wav) is played
v2
.31 * DTSWAV input support added * fixed bitstream delaying of 96khz DTS tracks * improved DTS runtime calculation * fixed DTS audio gap/overlap correction for strange DTS formats * fixed E-AC3 audio gap/overlap correction for strange bitrates * fixed incorrect MKV "default duration" when using "-24p" or "-30p" * fixed incorrect MKV "default duration" when using "-slowdown" or "-speedup" * improved support for "open bitrate" DTS files * slightly improved automatic (E-)AC3 delaying exactness
v2
.30 * fixed wrong MPEG2 framerate (bug introduced in
v2
.29)
v2
.29 * added automatic audio gap/overlap correction for (E-)AC3, DTS(-HD) and L
PC
M * options "-slowdown" and "-speedup" can now also be used for video muxing * added support for muxing of EVO's secondary video track to MKV * added "-24p", "-30p" and "-60i" options to overwrite detected h264 framerate * fixed some MPEG2 muxing problems * temporarily disabled "-stripPulldown" because vc1conv 0.3 is better
v2
.28 * new "-seekToIFrames" switch makes Basic Instinct (h264) muxing work
v2
.27 * fixed h264/AVC muxing crash with some movies (due to too high RAM usage) * fixed missing frames at the end of the movie when doing h264/AVC muxing * fixed non-working "eac3to -test"
v2
.26 * Haali Splitter replaced with internal splitter for EVO h264/AVC tracks * external raw h264/AVC tracks can now be muxed directly to Matroska * timestamps for h264/AVC MKV videos don't need to be rewritten, anymore * gaps/overlaps in h264/AVC track of EVO files are detected now * h264 aspect ratio is detected and written into MKV now * Haali Media Splitter is not being used at all, anymore * mkvtoolnix is not being used at all, anymore * added detection for MPEG2 interlaced -> progressive mode change * workaround for eacGui bug
v2
.25 * fixed MPEG2 muxing for interlaced content
v2
.24 * Haali Splitter replaced with internal splitter for EVO MPEG2 tracks * external raw MPEG2 tracks can now be muxed directly to Matroska * timestamps for MPEG2 MKV videos don't need to be rewritten, anymore * gaps/overlaps in MPEG2 track of EVO files are detected now * VC-1 and MPEG2 aspect ratios are detected and written into MKV now * fixed bug with "-down2" option
v2
.23 * fixed bug which made some DTS tracks appear dirty although they weren't * fixed extremely big gap detection with Fantastic Four 2 * fixed non cleaned up gaps file bug
v2
.22 * gap/overlap logic changed completely (optional two pass muxing now) * "-ignoreGaps" parameter is gone
v2
.21 * latest libav MLP/TrueHD decoder fixes "lossless check failed" bug * latest libav MLP/TrueHD decoder supports & decodes 7.1 TrueHD tracks * Matroska muxing speed dramatically improved * eac3to now detects and handles E-AC3 7.1 tracks correctly * option "-core" extracts 5.1 core from E-AC3 7.1 tracks * added support for small DTS files (< 300kb)
v2
.20 * changed VC-1 muxing method to fix problems with several movies, e.g. - Unforgiven - Phantom of the Opera - Million Dollar Baby - Fantastic Four 2 * fps value is now also added to MKV header when muxing raw VC-1 stream * added new "-skip" option to skip corruption in the beginning of an EVO file * added extra handling which fixes some EVO authoring bugs
v2
.19 * fixed h264 bitstream parsing of framerate information format * fixed (again) muxing of some rare VC-1 titles like e.g. POTO USA
v2
.18 * fixed bug which stopped eac3to
v2
.15-17 from working on some
PC
s * fixed h264 bitstream parsing bug (Sum of all Fears) * fps value is added to MKV header now * relaxed VC-1 gap detection once more * TrueHD decoding to stdout fixed (always output as 24 bit now)
v2
.17 * fixed VC-1 pulldown removal * VC-1 pulldown removal must now be activated by the new option "-stripPulldown" * improved VC-1 gap/overlap detection * new option "-ignoreGaps" disables VC-1 gap/overlap detection * libav E-AC3 decoder background decoding removed again
v2
.16 * fixed "eac3to -test" crash * fixed "eac3to some.ddp some.wav" crash * made video gap/overlap detection a little more relaxed * WAV header is initialized to 4GB instead of 0GB (for stdout) * fixed incorrect "primary/secondary" text
v2
.15 * Haali Splitter replaced with internal splitter for EVO VC-1 tracks * external raw VC-1 tracks can now be muxed directly to Matroska * timestamps for VC-1 MKV videos don't need to be rewritten, anymore * some problematic VC-1 movies should mux fine to MKV now (e.g. POTO USA) * gaps/overlaps in VC-1 track of EVO files are detected and displayed now * pulldown can be removed from external raw VC-1 tracks now * pulldown is automatically removed when demuxing EVO VC-1 tracks now * updated to the latest revision of the libav E-AC3 decoder * some minor changes and bugfixes
v2
.14 * libav TrueHD decoder "end of stream" bug should be fixed now * fixed libav DTS decoder - subwoofer channels is properly decoded now, too * patched libav DTS decoder to output full 24 bit * updated to the latest revision of the libav E-AC3 decoder * when decoding E-AC3 with Nero, libav decoding is also executed at the same time
v2
.13 * added option to downmix multi channel audio to stereo * added support for VC-1 custom aspect ratios * added stdout output support
v2
.12 (thanks to Ron/drmpeg for all his
help
) * video resolution, framerate and mode (progressive/interlaced) are displayed * rewriting timestamps should now always write the correct framerate * after a full EVO/VOB processing the number of video frames is shown * EVO 16 bit and 24 bit L
PC
M demuxing supported now (need samples for 20 bit) * (E-)AC3 bitstream can be delayed now (similar to delaycut) * DTS bitstream can be delayed now (similar to delaycut) * DTS-HD High-Res and Master Audio bitstream can be delayed now * when demuxing bitstream audio tracks from EVO delay is automatically applied * some little bugs fixed
v2
.11 * libav E-AC3 decoding is without DRC now * libav AC3 decoding added (without DRC) * libav E-AC3 and AC3 decoding hacked to return full 24 bit * fixed: delay was not applied for lossless audio tracks * fixed crash when parsing
PC
M files without doing any conversion * TrueHD dialnorm was displayed incorrectly * changed 23.976 to 24/1.001 * fixed some more minor bugs
v2
.
10
* fixed crash which occurred when doing "EVO/VOB -> Surcode DTS encoding" * "eac3to source.evo movie.mkv" syntax replaces "-auto" option * "eac3to 1.evo+2.evo movie.evo" syntax supported now for simple EVO/VOB joining
v2
.09 * EVO demuxing added with proper delays for all audio tracks * EVO file joining/rebuilding added * automated EVO video remuxing (Matroska) added * automated rewriting of Matroska timestamps to 24p via mkvtoolnix added * multiple operations on the source file can now be run at the same time * switch "-test" tests all external DirectShow filters and tools * latest ffmpeg/libav TrueHD and E-AC3 decoder patches included * latest libAften build included * libav TrueHD decoder is now the default decoder for TrueHD/MLP * support for libav DTS decoding added * fixed a whole lot of bugs (and might have added a few new ones)
v2
.08 * fixed: bitdepth reducer sometimes crashed when being fed a
PC
M file * fixed: FLAC encoder sometimes crashed when delay was applied * fixed: some TrueHD files were dithered/processed by Nero when they shouldn't * fixed: Surcode 1.0.29 encoding automation * fixed: source file was deleted when source and dest file names were identical * eac3to output is now always written to "log.txt" * when a crash occurs, "log.txt" is added to the bug report * improved
help
text + hints slightly * undocumented switch "-check16bit" added * undocumented switch "-mono" added
v2
.07 * fixed libAV MLP decoding support * added automatic MLP ID20 channel remapping * Surcode 1.0.29 (or newer) home directory detection added
v2
.06 * doing FLAC -> FLAC now copies metadata from source to destination file * MLP files are correctly decoded now (by both Nero and libav/ffmpeg) * runtime for padded DTS files is shown correctly now
v2
.05 * added support for libav/ffmpeg decoding of TrueHD/MLP and E-AC3 * added "-libav" switch to force libav decoding
v2
.04 * don't need dtsac3source.ax, anymore * don't need Nero Splitter, anymore * don't need Sonic HD Demuxer, anymore * replaced hacked DirectShow feeding with a cleaner approach * added support for DTS-HD Master Audio 7.1 tracks (only 5.1 decoding) * little performance boost for PAL speedup/down on DualCore CPUs * fixed some bugs
v2
.03 * new "-debug" switch added
v2
.02 * fixed: automatic registering of the dtsac3source filter crashed
v2
.01 * fixed: AC3 encoding sometimes crashed when being fed 24 bit audio data * fixed: AC3 encoded files were invalid when being fed 24 bit audio data * eac3toGUI didn't work with eac3to
v2
.0 * "eac3to source.ac3 dest.ac3 -slowdown" didn't do anything useful * when a crash occurs, the bug report is automatically copied to clipboard now * some minor cosmetic improvements
v2
.00 totally new features * AC3 decoding support (Nero's decoder without DRC/dialnorm) * resampling to 44.1/48/96 kHz (by using "r8brain") * apply/reverse PAL speedup (by using "r8brain") * "eac3to sourceFile" will print out source file details strongly enhanced features * dramatically improved performance (no intermediate files, anymore!) * proper 6.1/7.1 downmixing to 5.1 instead of just dropping the back surround channels * RAW/
PC
M file detection now auto detects channels, bitdepth and endian * WAV is now fully supported as source file format * destination file extension "
PC
M" creates Blu-Ray style L
PC
M tracks * bitdepth can be reduced to anything between 14 bits and 23 bits DTS related improvements/changes * DTS-96/24 support added * "open bitrate" support added * strange channel configuration support added * removal of zero padding from DTS files added * eac3to can fix broken DTS-ES files (they decode to 5.1 instead of 6.1 without the fix) * dialog normalization can be removed without removing the additional DTS-HD data now * core extraction must be specifically asked for now (see "-core" switch) AC3 related improvements * did I mention that eac3to can decode AC3 now? * strange channel configuration support added TrueHD related improvements * delay problem (hopefully) solved * fixed: sometimes some audio data in the middle of a track was lost * TrueHD/AC3 interweaved file can be stripped to TrueHD only now various minor improvements/changes * progress bar added * eac3to detects file format independently of file extension * multiple input files can be treated as one big file * "sox" is not needed, anymore * "dump" filter not needed, anymore * "aften.exe" replaced by "libAften.dll" * "flac.exe" replaced by "libFlac.dll" * DTS/DD+/AC3 source filter ships with eac3to now * 8bit support added * crash analyzer and bug reporting added v1.23 * bugfix: sometimes TrueHD decoding resulted in incorrect sampling rate v1.22 * 6.1 -> 7.1 channel doubling was sometimes incorrectly skipped * OS speaker settings now don't have to be 7.1, anymore * added detection of 5.1 output when 6.1 was expected * DTS and DTS-ES files are now forcefully patched to 24 bit by eac3to (workaround for Sonic decoder) * Sonic Audio Decoder is now always used by default for DTS decoding v1.21 * bugfix: 2 channel DTS files were not accepted * added: DTS-ES 6.1 support * added: DTS-HD High Resolution Matrix 5.1 support * added: DTS-HD Master Audio 6.1 support v1.20 * bugfix: some Blu-Ray TrueHD tracks were not accepted * change: eac3to output text slightly improved v1.19 * bugfix: still some TrueHD files were not accepted ("The source file format is unknown") * added: FLAC supported as source/input file format now * added: full delay functionality v1.18 * bugfix: some TrueHD files were not accepted ("The source file format is unknown") * change: EVO files are not accepted as source files, anymore * added: detection and repacking of 16 bit TrueHD tracks * added: proper detection of "DTS-HD Master Audio" and "DTS-HD High Resolution" tracks * added: runtime information for "DTS-HD High Resolution" tracks * bugfix: bitrate information for "DTS-HD High Resolution" tracks * added: decoding of "DTS-HD Master Audio" tracks (Sonic) * added: decoding of "DTS-HD High Resolution" tracks (Sonic) * added: decoding of conventional DTS tracks (Sonic/Nero) v1.17 * TrueHD dialog normalization removal added v1.16 * added decoding support for Blu-Ray TrueHD files v1.15 * bugfixes v1.14 * DTS dialog normalization can be removed now * DTS core can be extracted from DTS-HD track now v1.13 * "eac3to src.ac3 dst.ac3" removes dialog normalization from AC3 files * "eac3to src.eac3 dst.eac3" removes dialog normalization from E-AC3 files * "eac3to src.thd dst.ac3" extracts the AC3 frames from a Blu-Ray TrueHD track and removes dialog normalization v1.12 * tools "flac.exe", "aften.exe" and "sox.exe" are now distributed in the eac3to zip * correct channel mapping for 7.1 L
PC
M tracks is default now * new option "-down6" allows downconverting of 7.1 tracks to 5.1 * modded "flac.exe" ships with eac3to now, which has no problems with 2GB file output, anymore v1.11 * bugfix: (L)
PC
M -> DTS encoding automation failed when source and destination folders differed * added: new "-allowDnr" switch allows Nero's audio decoder to apply DNR * added: new "-keepDialnorm" switch disables removal of E-AC3 dialnorm information v1.
10
* E-AC3 dialog normalization detection and removal * DRC turned off for Nero E-AC3 decoder * Surcode automation improved * Nero is now the default E-AC3 and TrueHD decoder * the flag "/nero" is no more * there is a flag "/sonic" now to force the use of the Sonic filters v1.09 * multi channel mono wav output added * automated SurCode DTS encoding added * 24bit
PC
M handling works now (was buggy before) * "-blu-ray" option removed * with
PC
M input files "bigendian" is default now * with 5.1
PC
M input blu-ray style channel remapping is default now * switches "-16" and "-24" are valid for both TrueHD and
PC
M input now * eac3to now creates the WAV files on its own instead of using sox * target extension ".wavs" results in one mono wav for each channel being created * SurCode DVD DTS encoding automation added * new options "-768" and "-1536" for DTS encoding * TrueHD output is not downconverted to 16bit by default, anymore * new option "-down16" downconverts the raw data from 24 -> 16 bit (not limited to TrueHD input) v1.08 * added
PC
M input support * automatic detection of
PC
M bitdepth added (16bit or 24bit) * "-blu-ray" switch remaps
PC
M channels correctly v1.07 * added "-8" switch for 8 channel support v1.06 * mono E-AC3 support added v1.05 * support for 5.1 TrueHD audio tracks added v1.04 * E-AC3 files bigger than 4GB are supported now v1.03 * AC3 files bigger than 2GB are supported now v1.02 * FLAC encoding works now without any input/output size limits v1.01 * support for FLAC encoding added * bitrate can be specified via command line parameter * ffdshow removed from the filter chain * "ddp" and "ec3" file extensions are accepted now, too * fix: "dd+" file extension didn't work correctly. v1.00 * initial release * can convert a 2.0 or 5.1 channel E-AC3 file to AC3.
ARM® Compiler v5.06 for µVision® armasm User Guide
Table of Contents Preface About this book Using this book Glossary Typographic conventions Feedback Other information 1 Overview of the Assembler 1.1 About the ARM Compiler toolchain assemblers 1.2 Key features of the assembler 1.3 How the assembler works 1.4 Directives that can be omitted in pass 2 of the assembler 2 Overview of the ARM Architecture 2.1 About the ARM architecture 2.2 ARM, Thumb, and ThumbEE instruction sets 2.3 Changing between ARM, Thumb, and ThumbEE state 2.4 Processor modes, and privileged and unprivileged software execution 2.5 Processor modes in ARMv6-M and ARMv7-M 2.6 VFP hardware 2.7 ARM registers 2.8 General-purpose registers 2.9 Register accesses 2.
10
Predeclared core register names 2.11 Predeclared extension register names 2.12 Predeclared coprocessor names 2.13 Program Counter 2.14 Application Program Status Register 2.15 The Q flag 2.16 Current Program Status Register 2.17 Saved Program Status Registers 2.18 ARM and Thumb instruction set overview 2.19 Access to the inline barrel shifter 3 Structure of Assembly Language Modules 3.1 Syntax of source lines in assembly language 3.2 Literals 3.3 ELF sections and the AREA directive 3.4 An example ARM assembly language module 4 Writing ARM Assembly Language 4.1 About the Unified Assembler Language 4.2 Register usage in subroutine calls 4.3 Load immediate values 4.4 Load immediate values using MOV and MVN 4.5 Load immediate values using MOV32 4.6 Load immediate values using LDR Rd, =const 4.7 Literal pools 4.8 Load addresses into registers 4.9 Load addresses to a register using ADR 4.
10
Load addresses to a register using ADRL 4.11 Load addresses to a register using LDR Rd, =label 4.12 Other ways to load and store registers 4.13 Load and store multiple register instructions 4.14 Load and store multiple register instructions in ARM and Thumb 4.15 Stack implementation using LDM and STM 4.16 Stack operations for nested subroutines 4.17 Block copy with LDM and STM 4.18 Memory accesses 4.19 The Read-Modify-Write operation 4.20 Optional hash with immediate constants 4.21 Use of macros 4.22 Test-and-branch macro example 4.23 Unsigned integer division macro example 4.24 Instruction and directive relocations 4.25 Frame directives 4.26 Exception tables and Unwind tables 4.27 Assembly language changes after RVCT
v2
.1 5 Condition Codes 5.1 Conditional instructions 5.2 Conditional execution in ARM state 5.3 Conditional execution in Thumb state 5.4 Updates to the condition flags 5.5 Condition code suffixes and related flags 5.6 Comparison of condition code meanings in integer and floating-point code 5.7 Benefits of using conditional execution 5.8 Example showing the benefits of using conditional instructions 5.9 Optimization for execution speed 6 Using the Assembler 6.1 armasm command-line syntax 6.2 Specify command-line options with an environment variable 6.3 Using stdin to input source code to the assembler 6.4 Built-in variables and constants 6.5 Identifying versions of armasm in source code 6.6 Diagnostic messages 6.7 Interlocks diagnostics 6.8 Automatic IT block generation 6.9 Thumb branch target alignment 6.
10
Thumb code size diagnostics 6.11 ARM and Thumb instruction portability diagnostics 6.12 Instruction width diagnostics 6.13 Two pass assembler diagnostics 6.14 Conditional assembly 6.15 Using the C preprocessor 6.16 Address alignment 6.17 Instruction width selection in Thumb 7 Symbols, Literals, Expressions, and Operators 7.1 Symbol naming rules 7.2 Variables 7.3 Numeric constants 7.4 Assembly time substitution of variables 7.5 Register-relative and
PC
-relative expressions 7.6 Labels 7.7 Labels for
PC
-relative addresses 7.8 Labels for register-relative addresses 7.9 Labels for absolute addresses 7.
10
Numeric local labels 7.11 Syntax of numeric local labels 7.12 String expressions 7.13 String literals 7.14 Numeric expressions 7.15 Syntax of numeric literals 7.16 Syntax of floating-point literals 7.17 Logical expressions 7.18 Logical literals 7.19 Unary operators 7.20 Binary operators 7.21 Multiplicative operators 7.22 String manipulation operators 7.23 Shift operators 7.24 Addition, subtraction, and logical operators 7.25 Relational operators 7.26 Boolean operators 7.27 Operator precedence 7.28 Difference between operator precedence in assembly language and C 8 VFP Programming 8.1 Architecture support for VFP 8.2 Half-precision extension for VFP 8.3 Fused Multiply-Add extension for VFP 8.4 Extension register bank mapping in VFP 8.5 VFP views of the extension register bank 8.6 Load values to VFP registers 8.7 Conditional execution of VFP instructions 8.8 Floating-point exceptions in VFP 8.9 VFP data types 8.
10
Extended notation extension for VFP 8.11 VFP system registers 8.12 Flush-to-zero mode 8.13 When to use flush-to-zero mode in VFP 8.14 The effects of using flush-to-zero mode in VFP 8.15 VFP operations not affected by flush-to-zero mode 8.16 VFP vector mode 8.17 Vectors in the VFP extension register bank 8.18 VFP vector wrap-around 8.19 VFP vector stride 8.20 Restriction on vector length 8.21 Control of scalar, vector, and mixed operations 8.22 Overview of VFP directives and vector notation 8.23 Pre-UAL VFP syntax and mnemonics 8.24 Vector notation 8.25 VFPASSERT SCALAR 8.26 VFPASSERT VECTOR 9 Assembler Command-line Options 9.1 --16 9.2 --32 9.3 --a
pc
s=qualifier…qualifier 9.4 --arm 9.5 --arm_only 9.6 --bi 9.7 --bigend 9.8 --brief_diagnostics, --no_brief_diagnostics 9.9 --checkreglist 9.
10
--compatible=name 9.11 --cpreproc 9.12 --cpreproc_opts=option[,option,…] 9.13 --cpu=list 9.14 --cpu=name 9.15 --debug 9.16 --depend=dependfile 9.17 --depend_format=string 9.18 --diag_error=tag[,tag,…] 9.19 --diag_remark=tag[,tag,…] 9.20 --diag_style={arm|ide|gnu} 9.21 --diag_suppress=tag[,tag,…] 9.22 --diag_warning=tag[,tag,…] 9.23 --dllexport_all 9.24 --dwarf2 9.25 --dwarf3 9.26 --errors=errorfile 9.27 --execstack, --no_execstack 9.28 --execute_only 9.29 --exceptions, --no_exceptions 9.30 --exceptions_unwind, --no_exceptions_unwind 9.31 --fpmode=model 9.32 --fpu=list 9.33 --fpu=name 9.34 -g 9.35 --
help
9.36 -idir[,dir, …] 9.37 --keep 9.38 --length=n 9.39 --li 9.40 --library_type=lib 9.41 --liclinger=seconds 9.42 --licretry 9.43 --list=file 9.44 --list= 9.45 --littleend 9.46 -m 9.47 --maxcache=n 9.48 --md 9.49 --no_code_gen 9.50 --no_esc 9.51 --no_hide_all 9.52 --no_regs 9.53 --no_terse 9.54 --no_warn 9.55 -o filename 9.56 --pd 9.57 --predefine "directive" 9.58 --reduce_paths, --no_reduce_paths 9.59 --regnames 9.60 --report-if-not-wysiwyg 9.61 --show_cmdline 9.62 --split_ldm 9.63 --thumb 9.64 --thumbx 9.65 --unaligned_access, --no_unaligned_access 9.66 --unsafe 9.67 --untyped_local_labels 9.68 --version_number 9.69 --via=filename 9.70 --vsn 9.71 --width=n 9.72 --xref
10
ARM and Thumb Instructions
10
.1 ARM and Thumb instruction summary
10
.2 Instruction width specifiers
10
.3 Flexible second operand (Operand2)
10
.4 Syntax of Operand2 as a constant
10
.5 Syntax of Operand2 as a register with optional shift
10
.6 Shift operations
10
.7 Saturating instructions
10
.8 Condition code suffixes
10
.9 ADC
10
.
10
ADD
10
.11 ADR (
PC
-relative)
10
.12 ADR (register-relative)
10
.13 ADRL pseudo-instruction
10
.14 AND
10
.15 ASR
10
.16 B
10
.17 BFC
10
.18 BFI
10
.19 BIC
10
.20 BKPT
10
.21 BL
10
.22 BLX
10
.23 BX
10
.24 BXJ
10
.25 CBZ and CBNZ
10
.26 CDP and CDP2
10
.27 CLREX
10
.28 CLZ
10
.29 CMP and CMN
10
.30 CPS
10
.31 CPY pseudo-instruction
10
.32 DBG
10
.33 DMB
10
.34 DSB
10
.35 EOR
10
.36 ERET
10
.37 HVC
10
.38 ISB
10
.39 IT
10
.40 LDC and LDC2
10
.41 LDM
10
.42 LDR (immediate offset)
10
.43 LDR (
PC
-relative)
10
.44 LDR (register offset)
10
.45 LDR (register-relative)
10
.46 LDR pseudo-instruction
10
.47 LDR, unprivileged
10
.48 LDREX
10
.49 LSL
10
.50 LSR
10
.51 MCR and MCR2
10
.52 MCRR and MCRR2
10
.53 MLA
10
.54 MLS
10
.55 MOV
10
.56 MOV32 pseudo-instruction
10
.57 MOVT
10
.58 MRC and MRC2
10
.59 MRRC and MRRC2
10
.60 MRS (PSR to general-purpose register)
10
.61 MRS (system coprocessor register to ARM register)
10
.62 MSR (ARM register to system coprocessor register)
10
.63 MSR (general-purpose register to PSR)
10
.64 MUL
10
.65 MVN
10
.66 NEG pseudo-instruction
10
.67 NOP
10
.68 ORN (Thumb only)
10
.69 ORR
10
.70 PKHBT and PKHTB
10
.71 PLD and PLI
10
.72 POP
10
.73 PUSH
10
.74 QADD
10
.75 QADD8
10
.76 QADD16
10
.77 QASX
10
.78 QDADD
10
.79 QDSUB
10
.80 QSAX
10
.81 QSUB
10
.82 QSUB8
10
.83 QSUB16
10
.84 RBIT
10
.85 REV
10
.86 REV16
10
.87 REVSH
10
.88 RFE
10
.89 ROR
10
.90 RRX
10
.91 RSB
10
.92 RSC
10
.93 SADD8
10
.94 SADD16
10
.95 SASX
10
.96 SBC
10
.97 SBFX
10
.98 SDIV
10
.99 SEL
10
.
10
0 SETEND
10
.
10
1 SEV
10
.
10
2 SHADD8
10
.
10
3 SHADD16
10
.
10
4 SHASX
10
.
10
5 SHSAX
10
.
10
6 SHSUB8
10
.
10
7 SHSUB16
10
.
10
8 SMC
10
.
10
9 SMLAxy
10
.1
10
SMLAD
10
.111 SMLAL
10
.112 SMLALD
10
.113 SMLALxy
10
.114 SMLAWy
10
.115 SMLSD
10
.116 SMLSLD
10
.117 SMMLA
10
.118 SMMLS
10
.119 SMMUL
10
.120 SMUAD
10
.121 SMULxy
10
.122 SMULL
10
.123 SMULWy
10
.124 SMUSD
10
.125 SRS
10
.126 SSAT
10
.127 SSAT16
10
.128 SSAX
10
.129 SSUB8
10
.130 SSUB16
10
.131 STC and STC2
10
.132 STM
10
.133 STR (immediate offset)
10
.134 STR (register offset)
10
.135 STR, unprivileged
10
.136 STREX
10
.137 SUB
10
.138 SUBS
pc
, lr
10
.139 SVC
10
.140 SWP and SWPB
10
.141 SXTAB
10
.142 SXTAB16
10
.143 SXTAH
10
.144 SXTB
10
.145 SXTB16
10
.146 SXTH
10
.147 SYS
10
.148 TBB and TBH
10
.149 TEQ
10
.150 TST
10
.151 UADD8
10
.152 UADD16
10
.153 UASX
10
.154 UBFX
10
.155 UDIV
10
.156 UHADD8
10
.157 UHADD16
10
.158 UHASX
10
.159 UHSAX
10
.160 UHSUB8
10
.161 UHSUB16
10
.162 UMAAL
10
.163 UMLAL
10
.164 UMULL
10
.165 UND pseudo-instruction
10
.166 UQADD8
10
.167 UQADD16
10
.168 UQASX
10
.169 UQSAX
10
.170 UQSUB8
10
.171 UQSUB16
10
.172 USAD8
10
.173 USADA8
10
.174 USAT
10
.175 USAT16
10
.176 USAX
10
.177 USUB8
10
.178 USUB16
10
.179 UXTAB
10
.180 UXTAB16
10
.181 UXTAH
10
.182 UXTB
10
.183 UXTB16
10
.184 UXTH
10
.185 WFE
10
.186 WFI
10
.187 YIELD 11 VFP Instructions 11.1 Summary of VFP instructions 11.2 VABS (floating-point) 11.3 VADD (floating-point) 11.4 VCMP, VCMPE 11.5 VCVT (between single-precision and double-precision) 11.6 VCVT (between floating-point and integer) 11.7 VCVT (between floating-point and fixed-point) 11.8 VCVTB, VCVTT (half-precision extension) 11.9 VDIV 11.
10
VFMA, VFMS, VFNMA, VFNMS (floating-point) 11.11 VLDM (floating-point) 11.12 VLDR (floating-point) 11.13 VLDR (post-increment and pre-decrement, floating-point) 11.14 VLDR pseudo-instruction 11.15 VMLA (floating-point) 11.16 VMLS (floating-point) 11.17 VMOV (floating-point) 11.18 VMOV (between one ARM register and single precision VFP) 11.19 VMOV (between two ARM registers and one or two extension registers) 11.20 VMOV (between an ARM register and half a double precision VFP register) 11.21 VMRS 11.22 VMSR 11.23 VMUL (floating-point) 11.24 VNEG (floating-point) 11.25 VNMLA (floating-point) 11.26 VNMLS (floating-point) 11.27 VNMUL (floating-point) 11.28 VPOP (floating-point) 11.29 VPUSH (floating-point) 11.30 VSQRT 11.31 VSTM (floating-point) 11.32 VSTR (floating-point) 11.33 VSTR (post-increment and pre-decrement, floating-point) 11.34 VSUB (floating-point) 12 Directives Reference 12.1 Alphabetical list of directives 12.2 About assembly control directives 12.3 About frame directives 12.4 ALIAS 12.5 ALIGN 12.6 AREA 12.7 ARM or CODE32 12.8 ASSERT 12.9 ATTR 12.
10
CN 12.11 CODE16 12.12 COMMON 12.13 CP 12.14 DATA 12.15 DCB 12.16 DCD and DCDU 12.17 DCDO 12.18 DCFD and DCFDU 12.19 DCFS and DCFSU 12.20 DCI 12.21 DCQ and DCQU 12.22 DCW and DCWU 12.23 DN and SN 12.24 END 12.25 ENDFUNC or ENDP 12.26 ENTRY 12.27 EQU 12.28 EXPORT or GLOBAL 12.29 EXPORTAS 12.30 FIELD 12.31 FRAME ADDRESS 12.32 FRAME POP 12.33 FRAME PUSH 12.34 FRAME REGISTER 12.35 FRAME RESTORE 12.36 FRAME RETURN ADDRESS 12.37 FRAME SAVE 12.38 FRAME STATE REMEMBER 12.39 FRAME STATE RESTORE 12.40 FRAME UNWIND ON 12.41 FRAME UNWIND OFF 12.42 FUNCTION or PROC 12.43 GBLA, GBLL, and GBLS 12.44 GET or INCLUDE 12.45 IF, ELSE, ENDIF, and ELIF 12.46 IMPORT and EXTERN 12.47 INCBIN 12.48 INFO 12.49 KEEP 12.50 LCLA, LCLL, and LCLS 12.51 LTORG 12.52 MACRO and MEND 12.53 MAP 12.54 MEXIT 12.55 NOFP 12.56 OPT 12.57 RELOC 12.58 REQUIRE 12.59 REQUIRE8 and PRESERVE8 12.60 RLIST 12.61 RN 12.62 ROUT 12.63 SETA, SETL, and SETS 12.64 SPACE or FILL 12.65 THUMB 12.66 THUMBX 12.67 TTL and SUBT 12.68 WHILE and WEND 13 Via File Syntax 13.1 Overview of via files 13.2 Via file syntax rules List of Figures 2-1 Organization of general-purpose registers and Program Status Registers 8-1 VFP extension register bank 8-2 VFP
v2
register banks 8-3 VFPv3 register banks
10
-1 ASR #3
10
-2 LSR #3
10
-3 LSL #3
10
-4 ROR #3
10
-5 RRX List of Tables 2-1 ARM processor modes 2-2 Predeclared core registers 2-3 Predeclared extension registers 2-4 Predeclared coprocessor registers 2-5 Instruction groups 4-1 ARM state immediate values (8-bit) 4-2 ARM state immediate values in MOV instructions 4-3 32-bit Thumb immediate values 4-4 32-bit Thumb immediate values in MOV instructions 4-5 Stack-oriented suffixes and equivalent addressing mode suffixes 4-6 Suffixes for load and store multiple instructions 4-7 Changes from earlier ARM assembly language 4-8 Relaxation of requirements 4-9 Differences between pre-UAL Thumb syntax and UAL syntax 5-1 Condition code suffixes and related flags 5-2 Condition codes 5-3 Conditional branches only 5-4 All instructions conditional 6-1 Built-in variables 6-2 Built-in Boolean constants 6-3 Predefined macros 6-4 {TARGET_ARCH_ARM} in relation to {TARGET_ARCH_THUMB} 6-5 Command-line options 6-6 armcc equivalent command-line options 7-1 Unary operators that return strings 7-2 Unary operators that return numeric or logical values 7-3 Multiplicative operators 7-4 String manipulation operators 7-5 Shift operators 7-6 Addition, subtraction, and logical operators 7-7 Relational operators 7-8 Boolean operators 7-9 Operator precedence in ARM assembly language 7-
10
Operator precedence in C 8-1 VFP data type specifiers 8-2 Pre-UAL VFP mnemonics 8-3 Floating-point values for use with FCONST 9-1 Compatible processor or architecture combinations 9-2 Severity of diagnostic messages 9-3 Specifying a command-line option and an AREA directive for GNU-stack sections
10
-1 Summary of ARM and Thumb instructions
10
-2 Condition code suffixes
10
-3
PC
-relative offsets
10
-4 Register-relative offsets
10
-5 B instruction availability and range
10
-6 BL instruction availability and range
10
-7 BLX instruction availability and range
10
-8 BX instruction availability and range
10
-9 BXJ instruction availability and range
10
-
10
Offsets and architectures, LDR, word, halfword, and byte
10
-11
PC
-relative offsets
10
-12 Options and architectures, LDR (register offsets)
10
-13 Register-relative offsets
10
-14 Offsets and architectures, LDR (User mode)
10
-15 Offsets and architectures, STR, word, halfword, and byte
10
-16 Options and architectures, STR (register offsets)
10
-17 Offsets and architectures, STR (User mode)
10
-18 Range and encoding of expr 11-1 Summary of VFP instructions 12-1 List of directives 12-2 OPT directive settings
RTL8188C_8192C_USB_linux_v3.4.4_4749.20121
10
5.zip
=============================================================================== Software Package - Component =============================================================================== 1. ReleaseNotes.pdf 2. document/ 2.1 Quick_Start_Guide_for_Driver_Compilation_and_Installation.pdf 2.2 Quick_Start_Guide_for_Station_Mode.pdf 2.3 wpa_cli_with_wpa_supplicant.pdf 2.4 HowTo_support_more_VidPids.pdf 2.5 Wireless_tools_porting_guide.pdf 2.6 HowTo_enable_driver_to_support_WIFI_certification_test.pdf 2.7 HowTo_enable_the_power_saving_functionality.pdf 2.8 Quick_Start_Guide_for_SoftAP.pdf 2.9 SoftAP_Mode_features.pdf 2.
10
linux_dhcp_server_notes.txt 2.11 Quick_Start_Guide_for_Bridge.pdf 2.13 RTK_Wi-Fi_Direct_Programming_guide.pdf 3. driver/ 3.1 rtl8188C_8192C_usb_linux_v3.4.3_4369.20120622.tar.gz Naming rule: rtlCHIPS_linux_vM.N.P_ssss.yyyymmdd.tar.gz where: CHIPS: supported chips M: Major version N: miNor version P: Patch number s: SVN number y: package year m: package month d: package day 4. wpa_supplicant_hostapd/ 4.1 wpa_supplicant_hostapd-0.8_rtw_20120622.zip 4.1.1 wpa_supplicant The tool
help
the wlan network to communicate under the protection of WPAPSK mechanism (WPA/WPA2) and add WPS patch 4.1.2 hostapd 4.2 wpa_0_8.conf Configure file sample for wpa_supplicant-0.8 4.3 rtl_hostapd_2G.conf 4.4 rtl_hostapd_5G.conf Configure files for Soft-AP mode 2.4G/5G 4.5 p2p_hostapd.conf Configure file for hostapd for Wi-Fi Direct (P2P) 4.6 wpa_supplicant-0.6.9_wps_patch_20
10
0201_1.zip 4.7 wpa_0_6_9.conf Configure file sample for wpa_supplicant-0.6.9 5. wireless_tools/ 5.1 wireless_tools.30.rtl.tar.gz 6. hardware_wps_pbc/ 6.1 Readme.txt 6.2 sample.c 7. WiFi_Direct_User_Interface/ 7.1 p2p_api_test_linux.c 7.2 p2p_ui_test_linux.c 7.3 p2p_test.h 7.4 S
最新版的DebuggingWithGDB7.05-20
10
Table of Contents Summary of gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Free Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Free Software Needs Free Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Contributors to gdb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 A Sample gdb Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 Getting In and Out of gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1 Invoking gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Choosing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.2 Choosing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 What gdb Does During Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Quitting gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Shell Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Logging Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 11 12 13 15 16 16 17 gdb Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1 Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2 Command Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3 Getting
Help
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4 Running Programs Under gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1 Compiling for Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Starting your Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Your Program’s Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Your Program’s Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Your Program’s Working Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Your Program’s Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Debugging an Already-running Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Killing the Child Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 Debugging Multiple Inferiors and Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
10
Debugging Programs with Multiple Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 Debugging Forks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12 Setting a Bookmark to Return to Later. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.12.1 A Non-obvious Benefit of Using Checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 28 29 30 30 31 32 32 35 38 40 41 ii 5 Debugging with gdb Stopping and Continuing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.1 Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Catchpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Setting Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Setting Watchpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.3 Setting Catchpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.4 Deleting Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.5 Disabling Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.6 Break Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.7 Breakpoint Command Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.8 “Cannot insert breakpoints” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.9 “Breakpoint address adjusted...”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Continuing and Stepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Stopping and Starting Multi-thread Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.1 All-Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.2 Non-Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.3 Background Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.4 Thread-Specific Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.5 Interrupted System Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 44 49 51 55 55 56 58 59 59 60 63 65 65 67 68 69 69 6 Running programs backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7 Recording Inferior’s Execution and Replaying It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8 Examining the Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9 Stack Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backtraces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selecting a Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information About a Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 78 80 81 Examining Source Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 9.1 Printing Source Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Specifying a Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Editing Source Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.1 Choosing your Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Searching Source Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Specifying Source Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 Source and Machine Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 84 85 85 86 86 89 iii
10
Examining Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
10
.1 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
10
.2 Ambiguous Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10
.3 Program Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10
.4 Artificial Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
10
.5 Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
10
.6 Examining Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
10
.7 Automatic Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1
10
.8 Print Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2
10
.9 Value History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
8
10
.
10
Convenience Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
9
10
.11 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
10
10
.12 Floating Point Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
10
.13 Vector Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
10
.14 Operating System Auxiliary Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
10
.15 Memory Region Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
10
.15.1 Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
10
.15.1.1 Memory Access Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
10
.15.1.2 Memory Access Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
10
.15.1.3 Data Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
10
.15.2 Memory Access Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10
.16 Copy Between Memory and a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10
.17 How to Produce a Core File from Your Program . . . . . . . . . . . 116
10
.18 Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
10
.19 Caching Data of Remote Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
10
.20 Search Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 11 Debugging Optimized Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 11.1 Inline Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 12 C Preprocessor Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 13 Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 13.1 Commands to Set Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.1 Create and Delete Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.2 Enable and Disable Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.3 Tracepoint Passcounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.4 Tracepoint Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.5 Trace State Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.6 Tracepoint Action Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.7 Listing Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1.8 Starting and Stopping Trace Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Using the Collected Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.1 tfind n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.2 tdump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2.3 save-tracepoints filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Convenience Variables for Tracepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 Using Trace Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 130 131 131 131 132 132 134 134 136 136 138 138 139 139 iv Debugging with gdb 14 Debugging Programs That Use Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 15 How Overlays Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overlay Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic Overlay Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overlay Sample Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 142 144 145 Using gdb with Different Languages . . . . . . 147 15.1 Switching Between Source Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.1 List of Filename Extensions and Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.2 Setting the Working Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1.3 Having gdb Infer the Source Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 Displaying the Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 Type and Range Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.1 An Overview of Type Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3.2 An Overview of Range Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 Supported Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1 C and C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.1 C and C++ Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.2 C and C++ Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.3 C++ Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.4 C and C++ Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.5 C and C++ Type and Range Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.6 gdb and C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.7 gdb Features for C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.1.8 Decimal Floating Point format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.2 Objective-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.2.1 Method Names in Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.2.2 The Print Command With Objective-C . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.3 Fortran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.3.1 Fortran Operators and Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.3.2 Fortran Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.3.3 Special Fortran Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.4 Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5 Modula-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.1 Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.3 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.4 Modula-2 Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.5 Modula-2 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.6 Deviations from Standard Modula-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.7 Modula-2 Type and Range Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.8 The Scope Operators :: and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.5.9 gdb and Modula-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6 Ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6.2 Omissions from Ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6.3 Additions to Ada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 147 148 148 148 149 149 150 151 151 152 153 154 155 155 155 156 157 157 157 158 158 158 159 159 159 159 159 161 162 162 164 164 164 165 165 165 165 166 167 v 15.4.6.4 Stopping at the Very Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6.5 Extensions for Ada Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4.6.6 Tasking Support when Debugging Core Files . . . . . . 15.4.6.7 Known Peculiarities of Ada Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 Unsupported Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 169 172 172 173 16 Examining the Symbol Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 17 Altering Execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 18 Commands to Specify Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Debugging Information in Separate Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Errors Reading Symbol Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GDB Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 193 197 198 Specifying a Debugging Target . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 19.1 19.2 19.3 20 181 182 183 183 184 185 gdb Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19 Assignment to Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuing at a Different Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Giving your Program a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Returning from a Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calling Program Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patching Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Active Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Commands for Managing Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Choosing Target Byte Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Debugging Remote Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 20.1 Connecting to a Remote Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 Sending files to a remote system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 Using the gdbserver Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3.1 Running gdbserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3.1.1 Attaching to a Running Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3.1.2 Multi-Process Mode for gdbserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3.1.3 Other Command-Line Arguments for gdbserver . . . 20.3.2 Connecting to gdbserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3.3 Monitor Commands for gdbserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 Remote Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 Implementing a Remote Stub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5.1 What the Stub Can Do for You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5.2 What You Must Do for the Stub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5.3 Putting it All Together. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 205 205 205 206 206 207 207 207 208 212 213 214 215 vi Debugging with gdb 21 Configuration-Specific Information . . . . . . . . 217 21.1 Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.1 HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.2 BSD libkvm Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.3 SVR4 Process Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.4 Features for Debugging djgpp Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.5 Features for Debugging MS Windows PE Executables . . 21.1.5.1 Support for DLLs without Debugging Symbols. . . . . 21.1.5.2 DLL Name Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.5.3 Working with Minimal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.6 Commands Specific to gnu Hurd Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.7 QNX Neutrino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.8 Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 Embedded Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1 Using gdb with VxWorks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1.1 Connecting to VxWorks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1.2 VxWorks Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1.3 Running Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Embedded Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.1 ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.2 Renesas M32R/D and M32R/SDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.3 M68k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.4 MicroBlaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.5 MIPS Embedded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.6 OpenRISC
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00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.7 Power
PC
Embedded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.8 HP PA Embedded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.9 Tsqware Sparclet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.9.1 Setting File to Debug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.9.2 Connecting to Sparclet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.9.3 Sparclet Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.9.4 Running and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.
10
Fujitsu Sparclite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.11 Zilog Z8000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.12 Atmel AVR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.13 CRIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.14 Renesas Super-H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.1 x86 Architecture-specific Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.2 A29K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.3 Alpha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.4 MIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.5 HPPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.6 Cell Broadband Engine SPU architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.7 Power
PC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 217 217 217 219 221 222 223 223 224 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 229 231 232 232 232 235 236 237 237 238 238 238 238 239 239 239 239 240 240 240 241 241 241 243 243 244 vii 22 Controlling gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 23 Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Screen Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring the Current ABI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optional Warnings and Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optional Messages about Internal Happenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Miscellaneous Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 245 245 247 248 248 249 251 253 Extending gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 23.1 Canned Sequences of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1.1 User-defined Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1.2 User-defined Command Hooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1.3 Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1.4 Commands for Controlled Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Scripting gdb using Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.1 Python Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2 Python API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.1 Basic Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.2 Exception Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.3 Auto-loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.4 Values From Inferior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.5 Types In Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.6 Pretty Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.7 Selecting Pretty-Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.8 Commands In Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.9 Writing new convenience functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.
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Objfiles In Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2.2.11 Acessing inferior stack frames from Python. . . . . . . 23.2.2.12 Python representation of lazy strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 255 257 258 259 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 266 269 271 272 275 276 276 277 24 Command Interpreters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 25 gdb Text User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 26 TUI Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUI Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUI Single Key Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUI-specific Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUI Configuration Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 282 283 283 285 Using gdb under gnu Emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 viii Debugging with gdb 27 The gdb/mi Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Function and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notation and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 gdb/mi General Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3.1 Context management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3.2 Asynchronous command execution and non-stop mode . . 27.3.3 Thread groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 gdb/mi Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4.1 gdb/mi Input Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4.2 gdb/mi Output Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 gdb/mi Compatibility with CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 gdb/mi Development and Front Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 gdb/mi Output Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7.1 gdb/mi Result Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7.2 gdb/mi Stream Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7.3 gdb/mi Async Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7.4 gdb/mi Frame Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7.5 gdb/mi Thread Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 Simple Examples of gdb/mi Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 gdb/mi Command Description Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.
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gdb/mi Breakpoint Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.11 gdb/mi Program Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.12 gdb/mi Thread Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.13 gdb/mi Program Execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.14 gdb/mi Stack Manipulation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.15 gdb/mi Variable Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.16 gdb/mi Data Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.17 gdb/mi Tracepoint Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.18 gdb/mi Symbol Query Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.19 gdb/mi File Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.20 gdb/mi Target Manipulation Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.21 gdb/mi File Transfer Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.22 Miscellaneous gdb/mi Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 gdb Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.7 29 289 289 289 290 291 291 292 292 293 294 294 295 295 295 296 298 298 298 299 300 308 311 312 319 324 334 340 341 341 343 346 347 What is an Annotation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Server Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annotation for gdb Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Invalidation Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Running the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 356 356 357 357 357 358 JIT Compilation Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 29.1 29.2 29.3 JIT Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Registering Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Unregistering Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 ix 30 Reporting Bugs in gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 30.1 30.2 31 Have You Found a Bug? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 How to Report Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Command Line Editing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 31.1 Introduction to Line Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Readline Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.2 Readline Movement Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.3 Readline Killing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.4 Readline Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 Readline Init File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3.3 Sample Init File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 Bindable Readline Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.1 Commands For Moving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.3 Commands For Changing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.4 Killing And Yanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.7 Keyboard Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 Readline vi Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 365 365 365 366 366 367 367 368 368 373 374 377 377 377 379 380 381 381 381 382 383 Using History Interactively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 32.1 History Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1.1 Event Designators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1.2 Word Designators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1.3 Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 385 385 386 Appendix A Formatting Documentation . . . . . 389 Appendix B Installing gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 Requirements for Building gdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Invoking the gdb ‘configure’ Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compiling gdb in Another Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifying Names for Hosts and Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘configure’ Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System-wide configuration and settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix C 391 392 393 394 395 395 Maintenance Commands. . . . . . . . 397 x Debugging with gdb Appendix D gdb Remote Serial Protocol . . . . 403 D.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.2 Standard Replies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.3 Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.4 Stop Reply Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.5 General Query Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6 Architecture-Specific Protocol Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6.1 ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6.1.1 Breakpoint Kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6.2 MIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6.2.1 Register Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.6.2.2 Breakpoint Kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.7 Tracepoint Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.8 Host I/O Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.9 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.
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Notification Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.11 Remote Protocol Support for Non-Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.12 Packet Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.13 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14 File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.1 File-I/O Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.2 Protocol Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.3 The F Request Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.4 The F Reply Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.5 The ‘Ctrl-C’ Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.6 Console I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.7 List of Supported Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lseek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stat/fstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gettimeofday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isatty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.8 Protocol-specific Representation of Datatypes . . . . . . . . . . Integral Datatypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pointer Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memory Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . struct stat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . struct timeval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.9 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mode t Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Errno Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 404 405 413 415 428 428 428 428 428 428 429 432 433 434 434 436 436 437 437 437 438 438 439 439 439 440 441 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444 445 445 445 445 446 446 447 447 447 447 447 xi Lseek Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.14.
10
File-I/O Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.15 Library List Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.16 Memory Map Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D.17 Thread List Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 448 448 449 450 451 Appendix E The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 E.1 E.2 E.3 E.4 E.5 General Bytecode Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bytecode Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Agent Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Varying Target Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 455 459 460 460 Appendix F Trace File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Appendix G Target Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 G.1 Retrieving Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2 Target Description Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.1 Inclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.2 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.3 OS ABI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.4 Compatible Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.5 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.6 Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.2.7 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.3 Predefined Target Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4 Standard Target Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4.1 ARM Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4.2 i386 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4.3 MIPS Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4.4 M68K Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G.4.5 Power
PC
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 468 468 468 469 469 469 469 470 471 471 472 472 473 473 473 Appendix H Operating System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 H.1 Process list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Appendix I GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Appendix J GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 J.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents . . . 495 xii Debugging
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