RHCE302重要学习知识点
INSTALLATION
Use the right boot disk for the installation:
boot.img - Standard installation
bootnet.img - Network installation
pcmcia.img - PCMCIA required installation
Install LILO in an appropriate location:
MBR - If LILO will be the default bootloader
First partition of boot sector - If you're using another OS bootloader
LINUX FILESYSTEM
The root filesystem is m ade up of 12 directories by defa ult:
/bin /home /proc
/dev /opt /usr
/etc /lost+found /var
/sbin /mnt /usr/local
KERNEL COMPILING
Three options are availa ble for configuring a kernel:
make config
make menuconfig
make xconfig
There are two types of kernel images:
zlmage (small kernel images)
bzlmage (compressed kernel images)
The seven steps for compiling a kernel are:
make configuration (makeconfig, make men uconfig, or make xconfig)
make dep
make clean
make bzlmage (or zlmage)
make modules
make modules_install
configure LILO and reboot
Three shorter steps for compiling a kern el are:
make configuration (make config, make menuconfig, or mak e xconfig)
make dep clean bzlmage modules modules_i nstall
configure LILO and reboot
X WINDOW SYSTEM
Three X configuration tools are:
Xconfigurator
XF86Setup
xf86config
APACHE
The main configuration d irectory is /etc/httpd/conf/.
The main Apache configur ation file is httpd.conf, used f or httpd server configuration.
To configure a virtual h ost, follow these steps:
Set NameVirtualHost (NameVirtualHost 192 .168.0.1).
Set VirtualHost ().
Set DocumentRoot.
Set ServerName.
Set ErrorLog.
Set TransferLog.
Close VirtualHost ().
Restart httpd (/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd re start).
EMAIL
There are three components of email:
MTA - Mail transfer agent (sendmail)
MDA - Mail delivery agent (procmail)
MUA - Mail user agent (P ine, Elm, Mutt, Netscape)
DNS/BIND
To configure a domain, follow these steps:
Set up a zone in /etc/named.conf.
Set up a forward zone file (db.example.com).
Set up a reverse zone fi le (0.168.192.in-addr.arpa).
Restart DNS (/etc/rd.d/init.d/named restart).
FTP
To configure FTP, you need these files:
/etc / ftpaccess - For ftpd configuration
/etc / ftpusers - For user access control
/etc / ftphost - For host access control
SAMBA
Files used with SMB are:
/etc / smb.com - Main configuration file
/etc / smbpasswd - Password configuratio n file
To set up an SMB share, follow these steps:
Add share to /etc/smb.conf.
Use testparm to test /etc/smb.conf syntax.
Restart SMB (/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart).
Access SMB share (smbclient).
DHCP
To configure a DHCP serv er, follow these steps:
Check for MULTICAST (ifconfig).
Add route 255.255.255.255 (route).
Start DHCP (/etc/rd.c/init.d/dhcpd start).
Verify DHCP service ( /u sr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f ).
Configure /etc/dhcpd.conf.
INETD
To enable or disable network services co
file. ntrolled by inetd, you edit the /etc/inetd.conf
TCP_WRAPPERS
Controls access to only those services managed by inetd.
To specify access rules, edit:
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.deny
ROUTING
To set up network and routing services, use these tools:
Use route tp sipw pr cpm fogire the IP routing table.
Use netstat to display n etwork connections, routing tabl es and interface information.
Use netcfg to configure network informat
and interface connections. ion, routing, host information, default servers,
Use ifconfig to configur e a network interface.
IPCHAINS
The default chains are:
input - Controls incoming connections
output - Controls outgoing connections
forward - Forwards connections
DEBUGGING
To debug your machine, follow these steps:
Boot your machine. Decide whether you ca
the system into single-user mode, or whether n fix the machine as is, whether you need to boot
you need to use system rescue disks.
Obtain a set of boot disks.
Boot the machine with a floppy disk (or
determined by step a). boot into single-user (linux single) mode as
Check your filesystem. (fsck)
Mount your filesystems. (mount)
First mount your root pa
partition. (mount /dev/hda5/ rtition. Then mount any other fi
/mnt/harddrive) lesystems under your root (/)
Fix the problem.
Check to see if you need to restart LILO. (lilo, or lilo -r)
Sync any changes to the disk. (sync)
Unmount any manually mounted filesystems . (umount)
Remove any floppies, CDs, and so on, and reboot (Ctrl+Alt+Del).