c#怎么实现计时器稳定且精准？

2020-07-06 10:16:25 3.8k 阅读 AI 写同款 · GEO 优化AI 选题数据监测一键分发 ›

C#实现1ms定时器不精准？如何实现一个高性能高精度的1ms定时器？（附完整示例Demo）在C#中尝试实现1ms精度的定时器时，使用默认托管定时器往往不够精确。系统定时器分辨率、托管运行时环境和线程调度机制都会影响定时精度。通过使用和多媒体定时器，我们可以大幅提升定时器的精度和稳定性。若有更高的实时性需求，可考虑使用实时操作系统或硬件定时器来获得更高精度。阅读详情

c# 实现根据时间列表依次精准稳定执行事件？精度1ms ？
我用Stopwatch时钟，有时候会误差到 20ms。

List<int> timeList = new List<int>();
Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
watch.Start();

for (int i = 0; i < timeList.Count; i++)
{
while (watch.ElapsedMilliseconds < timeList[i])
{
}
//事件 --不考虑事件未执行完，时间就超过下次时钟。
}

还有其他线程影响。。

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MichaelGLX

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切换为时间正序

良朋 2020-07-16

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tickes 毫微秒...........

以专业开发人员为伍 2020-07-16

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用图形桌面系统搞1ms精度的控制？

要控制1ms，你应该放弃任何操作系统底层，自己写一个操作系统然后烧到设备上。

threenewbee 2020-07-16

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1ms只有死循环并且要当前进程处于很高的优先级。但是也不能保证，因为windows也不是rtos

github_36000833 2020-07-16

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引用 16 楼 MichaelGLX 的回复:

timeSetEvent api 如何？有试过吗？

Windows是抢占式多任务操作系统。也就是说，操作系统完全决定进程调度方案，操作系统可以剥夺进程的时间片，提供给其它进程。你的进程，用timeSetEvent也好，用QueryPerformanceCounter也好，不能从根本上排除被操作系统挂起的可能性。如果在某个15毫秒内，你的进程一点CPU的机会都没有，又如果去保证1毫秒的操作精度？

MichaelGLX 2020-07-16

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引用 5 楼 github_36000833 的回复:

如果实时操作是硬要求（比如输变电控制），那么你不能用C#，甚至Windows系统也不合适。因为C#不支持实时操作，Windows系统也不是实时操作系统。

timeSetEvent api 如何？有试过吗？

MichaelGLX 2020-07-16

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引用 13 楼 wanghui0380 的回复:

这有一个讨论了N多年的问题，回答是“不可能” https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/330087416 因为windows不是为这种要求设计的系统。跑在windows系统的程序也不需要这种需求（多任务）如果你一定要如此，只能如上面的帖子尽量选择一个相对“精确”的方案如果说非要非要，我们只能建议你使用“DDK”编写底层驱动，尝试直接下时钟中断拦截试试

timeSetEvent api 如何？有试过吗？

lvbinlt 2020-07-08

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毫秒级？那你不能用.net 运行时不是实时的。有C++吧。如果你要求特别特别精确，推荐你做单片机。

wanghui0380 2020-07-07

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这有一个讨论了N多年的问题，回答是“不可能” https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/330087416 因为windows不是为这种要求设计的系统。跑在windows系统的程序也不需要这种需求（多任务）如果你一定要如此，只能如上面的帖子尽量选择一个相对“精确”的方案如果说非要非要，我们只能建议你使用“DDK”编写底层驱动，尝试直接下时钟中断拦截试试

鸡窝里的毛 2020-07-07

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引用 11 楼 MichaelGLX 的回复:

[quote=引用 10 楼 xuzuning 的回复:]

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;



namespace HighTimer

{

    public class TimerEventArgs : EventArgs

    {

        private long clockFrequency;

        public long ClockFrequency

        {

            get { return clockFrequency; }

        }

        private long previousTickCount;

        public long PreviousTickOunt

        {

            get { return previousTickCount; }

        }



        private long currentTickCount;

        public long CurrentTickCount

        {

            get { return currentTickCount; }

        }



        public TimerEventArgs(long clockFreq, long prevTick, long currTick)

        {

            this.clockFrequency = clockFreq;

            this.previousTickCount = prevTick;

            this.currentTickCount = currTick;

        }

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 高精度定时器事件委托

    /// </summary>

    public delegate void HighTimerEventHandler(object sender,TimerEventArgs e);



    public class HighAccurateTimer

    {

        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]

        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceCounter(out long lpPerformanceCount);



        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]

        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceFrequency(out  long lpFrequency);





        public event HighTimerEventHandler Elapsed;



        Thread thread;

        private object threadLock = new object();



        private long clockFrequency = 0;

        private long intevalTicks = 0;

        private long nextTriggerTime = 0;



        private int intervalMs;

        /// <summary>

        /// 定时器间隔

        /// </summary>

        public int Interval

        {

            get 

            {

                return intervalMs; 

            }

            set

            {

                intervalMs = value;

                

            }

        }



        private bool enable;

        /// <summary>

        /// 启动定时器标志

        /// </summary>

        public bool Enabled

        {

            get 

            { 

                return enable; 

            }

            set 

            {

                enable = value;

                if (value == true)

                {

                    intevalTicks = (long)(((double)intervalMs / (double)1000) * (double)clockFrequency);

                    long currTick = 0;

                    GetTick(out currTick);

                    nextTriggerTime = currTick + intevalTicks;

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 构造函数

        /// </summary>

        public HighAccurateTimer()

        {

            if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(out clockFrequency) == false)

            {

                return;

            }

            this.intervalMs = 1000;

            this.enable = false;



            thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));

            thread.Name = "HighAccuracyTimer";

            thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;

            thread.Start();

          

        }



        /// <summary>

        /// 进程主程序

        /// </summary>

        private void ThreadProc()

        {

            long currTime;

            GetTick(out currTime);

            nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;

            while (true)

            {

                while (currTime < nextTriggerTime)

                {

                    GetTick(out currTime); //决定时钟的精度

                }

                nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;



                if (Elapsed != null && enable == true)

                {

                    Elapsed(this, new TimerEventArgs(clockFrequency, currTime - intevalTicks, currTime));

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获得当前时钟计数

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="currentTickCount">时钟计数</param>

        /// <returns>获得是否成功</returns>

        public bool GetTick(out long currentTickCount)

        {

            if (QueryPerformanceCounter(out currentTickCount) == false)

            {

                return false;

            }

            else

            {

                return true;

            }

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 注销定时器

        /// </summary>

        public void Destroy()

        {

            enable = false;

            thread.Abort();

        }

    }



}

这个方法做的计时器我也用过，不太稳定。[/quote]
不要在事件里启动新线程，新建thread是要时间的，而是用基于线程池的Task，这样精度可能会高点。

MichaelGLX 2020-07-07

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引用 10 楼 xuzuning 的回复:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace HighTimer
{
    public class TimerEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        private long clockFrequency;
        public long ClockFrequency
        {
            get { return clockFrequency; }
        }
        private long previousTickCount;
        public long PreviousTickOunt
        {
            get { return previousTickCount; }
        }

        private long currentTickCount;
        public long CurrentTickCount
        {
            get { return currentTickCount; }
        }

        public TimerEventArgs(long clockFreq, long prevTick, long currTick)
        {
            this.clockFrequency = clockFreq;
            this.previousTickCount = prevTick;
            this.currentTickCount = currTick;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 高精度定时器事件委托
    /// </summary>
    public delegate void HighTimerEventHandler(object sender,TimerEventArgs e);

    public class HighAccurateTimer
    {
        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceCounter(out long lpPerformanceCount);

        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceFrequency(out  long lpFrequency);


        public event HighTimerEventHandler Elapsed;

        Thread thread;
        private object threadLock = new object();

        private long clockFrequency = 0;
        private long intevalTicks = 0;
        private long nextTriggerTime = 0;

        private int intervalMs;
        /// <summary>
        /// 定时器间隔
        /// </summary>
        public int Interval
        {
            get 
            {
                return intervalMs; 
            }
            set
            {
                intervalMs = value;
                
            }
        }

        private bool enable;
        /// <summary>
        /// 启动定时器标志
        /// </summary>
        public bool Enabled
        {
            get 
            { 
                return enable; 
            }
            set 
            {
                enable = value;
                if (value == true)
                {
                    intevalTicks = (long)(((double)intervalMs / (double)1000) * (double)clockFrequency);
                    long currTick = 0;
                    GetTick(out currTick);
                    nextTriggerTime = currTick + intevalTicks;
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public HighAccurateTimer()
        {
            if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(out clockFrequency) == false)
            {
                return;
            }
            this.intervalMs = 1000;
            this.enable = false;

            thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
            thread.Name = "HighAccuracyTimer";
            thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;
            thread.Start();
          
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 进程主程序
        /// </summary>
        private void ThreadProc()
        {
            long currTime;
            GetTick(out currTime);
            nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;
            while (true)
            {
                while (currTime < nextTriggerTime)
                {
                    GetTick(out currTime); //决定时钟的精度
                }
                nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;

                if (Elapsed != null && enable == true)
                {
                    Elapsed(this, new TimerEventArgs(clockFrequency, currTime - intevalTicks, currTime));
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获得当前时钟计数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="currentTickCount">时钟计数</param>
        /// <returns>获得是否成功</returns>
        public bool GetTick(out long currentTickCount)
        {
            if (QueryPerformanceCounter(out currentTickCount) == false)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 注销定时器
        /// </summary>
        public void Destroy()
        {
            enable = false;
            thread.Abort();
        }
    }

}

这个方法做的计时器我也用过，不太稳定。

MichaelGLX 2020-07-06

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引用 2 楼杀马特丶蛮牛的回复:


static async void test()
        {
            List<int> timeList = new List<int>() { 2, 4, 6, 8 };
            Console.WriteLine($"当前时间：{DateTime.Now}");
            foreach (var item in timeList)
            {
                Task t = Task.Run(async () =>
                {
                    await Task.Delay(item * 1000);
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now + $":{item}秒后执行输出：{item}");
                });
                await t;
            }
        }

引用 2 楼杀马特丶蛮牛的回复:


static async void test()
        {
            List<int> timeList = new List<int>() { 2, 4, 6, 8 };
            Console.WriteLine($"当前时间：{DateTime.Now}");
            foreach (var item in timeList)
            {
                Task t = Task.Run(async () =>
                {
                    await Task.Delay(item * 1000);
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now + $":{item}秒后执行输出：{item}");
                });
                await t;
            }
        }

并不是很精准。

杀马特丶蛮牛 2020-07-06

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static async void test()
        {
            List<int> timeList = new List<int>() { 2, 4, 6, 8 };
            Console.WriteLine($"当前时间：{DateTime.Now}");
            foreach (var item in timeList)
            {
                Task t = Task.Run(async () =>
                {
                    await Task.Delay(item * 1000);
                    Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now + $":{item}秒后执行输出：{item}");
                });
                await t;
            }
        }

智者知已应修善业 2020-07-06

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可考虑使用异步

xuzuning 2020-07-06

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace HighTimer
{
    public class TimerEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        private long clockFrequency;
        public long ClockFrequency
        {
            get { return clockFrequency; }
        }
        private long previousTickCount;
        public long PreviousTickOunt
        {
            get { return previousTickCount; }
        }

        private long currentTickCount;
        public long CurrentTickCount
        {
            get { return currentTickCount; }
        }

        public TimerEventArgs(long clockFreq, long prevTick, long currTick)
        {
            this.clockFrequency = clockFreq;
            this.previousTickCount = prevTick;
            this.currentTickCount = currTick;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 高精度定时器事件委托
    /// </summary>
    public delegate void HighTimerEventHandler(object sender,TimerEventArgs e);

    public class HighAccurateTimer
    {
        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceCounter(out long lpPerformanceCount);

        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll")]
        private static extern bool QueryPerformanceFrequency(out  long lpFrequency);


        public event HighTimerEventHandler Elapsed;

        Thread thread;
        private object threadLock = new object();

        private long clockFrequency = 0;
        private long intevalTicks = 0;
        private long nextTriggerTime = 0;

        private int intervalMs;
        /// <summary>
        /// 定时器间隔
        /// </summary>
        public int Interval
        {
            get 
            {
                return intervalMs; 
            }
            set
            {
                intervalMs = value;
                
            }
        }

        private bool enable;
        /// <summary>
        /// 启动定时器标志
        /// </summary>
        public bool Enabled
        {
            get 
            { 
                return enable; 
            }
            set 
            {
                enable = value;
                if (value == true)
                {
                    intevalTicks = (long)(((double)intervalMs / (double)1000) * (double)clockFrequency);
                    long currTick = 0;
                    GetTick(out currTick);
                    nextTriggerTime = currTick + intevalTicks;
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public HighAccurateTimer()
        {
            if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(out clockFrequency) == false)
            {
                return;
            }
            this.intervalMs = 1000;
            this.enable = false;

            thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
            thread.Name = "HighAccuracyTimer";
            thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;
            thread.Start();
          
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 进程主程序
        /// </summary>
        private void ThreadProc()
        {
            long currTime;
            GetTick(out currTime);
            nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;
            while (true)
            {
                while (currTime < nextTriggerTime)
                {
                    GetTick(out currTime); //决定时钟的精度
                }
                nextTriggerTime = currTime + intevalTicks;

                if (Elapsed != null && enable == true)
                {
                    Elapsed(this, new TimerEventArgs(clockFrequency, currTime - intevalTicks, currTime));
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获得当前时钟计数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="currentTickCount">时钟计数</param>
        /// <returns>获得是否成功</returns>
        public bool GetTick(out long currentTickCount)
        {
            if (QueryPerformanceCounter(out currentTickCount) == false)
            {
                return false;
            }
            else
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 注销定时器
        /// </summary>
        public void Destroy()
        {
            enable = false;
            thread.Abort();
        }
    }

}