telnet problem?

cl007 2003-08-18 11:19:28
No utmpx entry. You must exec "login" from the lowest level "shell".

What's the problem?
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jameszhaoyu 2003-08-21
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这种情况通常可能因为/var目录满了,你用root进去,到/var/adm下面,如果存在utmp和utmpx这两个文件,就用
cat /dev/null > /var/adm/utmp
cat /dev/null > /var/adm/utmpx
这两个命令将这2个文件清空。如果没有,就用touch命令创建一个新的0长度的该文件。
然后用df或者du命令查看/var的使用率,如果超过了85%,就删除没用的文件,尽量让/var的占用率保持在70%以下。
jameszhaoyu 2003-08-21
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在/var/adm下面touch一个utmpx文件试一试
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th Edition Solutions to Review Questions and Problems Version Date: May 2012 This document contains the solutions to review questions and problems for the 5th edition of Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross. These solutions are being made available to instructors ONLY. Please do NOT copy or distribute this document to others (even other instructors). Please do not post any solutions on a publicly-available Web site. We’ll be happy to provide a copy (up-to-date) of this solution manual ourselves to anyone who asks. Acknowledgments: Over the years, several students and colleagues have helped us prepare this solutions manual. Special thanks goes to HongGang Zhang, Rakesh Kumar, Prithula Dhungel, and Vijay Annapureddy. Also thanks to all the readers who have made suggestions and corrected errors. All material © copyright 1996-2012 by J.F. Kurose and K.W. Ross. All rights reserved Chapter 1 Review Questions There is no difference. Throughout this text, the words “host” and “end system” are used interchangeably. End systems include PCs, workstations, Web servers, mail servers, PDAs, Internet-connected game consoles, etc. From Wikipedia: Diplomatic protocol is commonly described as a set of international courtesy rules. These well-established and time-honored rules have made it easier for nations and people to live and work together. Part of protocol has always been the acknowledgment of the hierarchical standing of all present. Protocol rules are based on the principles of civility. Standards are important for protocols so that people can create networking systems and products that interoperate. 1. Dial-up modem over telephone line: home; 2. DSL over telephone line: home or small office; 3. Cable to HFC: home; 4. 100 Mbps switched Ethernet: enterprise; 5. Wifi (802.11): home and enterprise: 6. 3G and 4G: wide-area wireless. HFC bandwidth is shared among the users. On the downstream channel, all packets emanate from a single source, namely, the head end. Thus, there are no collisions in the downstream channel. In most American cities, the current possibilities include: dial-up; DSL; cable modem; fiber-to-the-home. 7. Ethernet LANs have transmission rates of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps. 8. Today, Ethernet most commonly runs over twisted-pair copper wire. It also can run over fibers optic links. 9. Dial up modems: up to 56 Kbps, bandwidth is dedicated; ADSL: up to 24 Mbps downstream and 2.5 Mbps upstream, bandwidth is dedicated; HFC, rates up to 42.8 Mbps and upstream rates of up to 30.7 Mbps, bandwidth is shared. FTTH: 2-10Mbps upload; 10-20 Mbps download; bandwidth is not shared. 10. There are two popular wireless Internet access technologies today: Wifi (802.11) In a wireless LAN, wireless users transmit/receive packets to/from an base station (i.e., wireless access point) within a radius of few tens of meters. The base station is typically connected to the wired Internet and thus serves to connect wireless users to the wired network. 3G and 4G wide-area wireless access networks. In these systems, packets are transmitted over the same wireless infrastructure used for cellular telephony, with the base station thus being managed by a telecommunications provider. This provides wireless access to users within a radius of tens of kilometers of the base station. 11. At time t0 the sending host begins to transmit. At time t1 = L/R1, the sending host completes transmission and the entire packet is received at the router (no propagation delay). Because the router has the entire packet at time t1, it can begin to transmit the packet to the receiving host at time t1. At time t2 = t1 + L/R2, the router completes transmission and the entire packet is received at the receiving host (again, no propagation delay). Thus, the end-to-end delay is L/R1 + L/R2. 12. A circuit-switched network can guarantee a certain amount of end-to-end bandwidth for the duration of a call. Most packet-switched networks today (including the Internet) cannot make any end-to-end guarantees for bandwidth. FDM requires sophisticated analog hardware to shift signal into appropriate frequency bands. 13. a) 2 users can be supported because each user requires half of the link bandwidth. b) Since each user requires 1Mbps when transmitting, if two or fewer users transmit simultaneously, a maximum of 2Mbps will be required. Since the available bandwidth of the shared link is 2Mbps, there will be no queuing delay before the link. Whereas, if three users transmit simultaneously, the bandwidth required will be 3Mbps which is more than the available bandwidth of the shared link. In this case, there will be queuing delay before the link. c) Probability that a given user is transmitting = 0.2 d) Probability that all three users are transmitting simultaneously = = (0.2)3 = 0.008. Since the queue grows when all the users are transmitting, the fraction of time during which the queue grows (which is equal to the probability that all three users are transmitting simultaneously) is 0.008. 14. If the two ISPs do not peer with each other, then when they send traffic to each other they have to send the traffic through a provider ISP (intermediary), to which they have to pay for carrying the traffic. By peering with each other directly, the two ISPs can reduce their payments to their provider ISPs. An Internet Exchange Points (IXP) (typically in a standalone building with its own switches) is a meeting point where multiple ISPs can connect and/or peer together. An ISP earns its money by charging each of the the ISPs that connect to the IXP a relatively small fee, which may depend on the amount of traffic sent to or received from the IXP. 15. Google's private network connects together all its data centers, big and small. Traffic between the Google data centers passes over its private network rather than over the public Internet. Many of these data centers are located in, or close to, lower tier ISPs. Therefore, when Google delivers content to a user, it often can bypass higher tier ISPs. What motivates content providers to create these networks? First, the content provider has more control over the user experience, since it has to use few intermediary ISPs. Second, it can save money by sending less traffic into provider networks. Third, if ISPs decide to charge more money to highly profitable content providers (in countries where net neutrality doesn't apply), the content providers can avoid these extra payments. 16. The delay components are processing delays, transmission delays, propagation delays, and queuing delays. All of these delays are fixed, except for the queuing delays, which are variable. 17. a) 1000 km, 1 Mbps, 100 bytes b) 100 km, 1 Mbps, 100 bytes 18. 10msec; d/s; no; no 19. a) 500 kbps b) 64 seconds c) 100kbps; 320 seconds 20. End system A breaks the large file into chunks. It adds header to each chunk, thereby generating multiple packets from the file. The header in each packet includes the IP address of the destination (end system B). The packet switch uses the destination IP address in the packet to determine the outgoing link. Asking which road to take is analogous to a packet asking which outgoing link it should be forwarded on, given the packet’s destination address. 21. The maximum emission rate is 500 packets/sec and the maximum transmission rate is 350 packets/sec. The corresponding traffic intensity is 500/350 =1.43 > 1. Loss will eventually occur for each experiment; but the time when loss first occurs will be different from one experiment to the next due to the randomness in the emission process. 22. Five generic tasks are error control, flow control, segmentation and reassembly, multiplexing, and connection setup. Yes, these tasks can be duplicated at different layers. For example, error control is often provided at more than one layer. 23. The five layers in the Internet protocol stack are – from top to bottom – the application layer, the transport layer, the network layer, the link layer, and the physical layer. The principal responsibilities are outlined in Section 1.5.1. 24. Application-layer message: data which an application wants to send and passed onto the transport layer; transport-layer segment: generated by the transport layer and encapsulates application-layer message with transport layer header; network-layer datagram: encapsulates transport-layer segment with a network-layer header; link-layer frame: encapsulates network-layer datagram with a link-layer header. 25. Routers process network, link and physical layers (layers 1 through 3). (This is a little bit of a white lie, as modern routers sometimes act as firewalls or caching components, and process Transport layer as well.) Link layer switches process link and physical layers (layers 1 through2). Hosts process all five layers. 26. a) Virus Requires some form of human interaction to spread. Classic example: E-mail viruses. b) Worms No user replication needed. Worm in infected host scans IP addresses and port numbers, looking for vulnerable processes to infect. 27. Creation of a botnet requires an attacker to find vulnerability in some application or system (e.g. exploiting the buffer overflow vulnerability that might exist in an application). After finding the vulnerability, the attacker needs to scan for hosts that are vulnerable. The target is basically to compromise a series of systems by exploiting that particular vulnerability. Any system that is part of the botnet can automatically scan its environment and propagate by exploiting the vulnerability. An important property of such botnets is that the originator of the botnet can remotely control and issue commands to all the nodes in the botnet. Hence, it becomes possible for the attacker to issue a command to all the nodes, that target a single node (for example, all nodes in the botnet might be commanded by the attacker to send a TCP SYN message to the target, which might result in a TCP SYN flood attack at the target). 28. Trudy can pretend to be Bob to Alice (and vice-versa) and partially or completely modify the message(s) being sent from Bob to Alice. For example, she can easily change the phrase “Alice, I owe you $1000” to “Alice, I owe you $10,000”. Furthermore, Trudy can even drop the packets that are being sent by Bob to Alice (and vise-versa), even if the packets from Bob to Alice are encrypted. Chapter 1 Problems Problem 1 There is no single right answer to this question. Many protocols would do the trick. Here's a simple answer below: Messages from ATM machine to Server Msg name purpose -------- ------- HELO Let server know that there is a card in the ATM machine ATM card transmits user ID to Server PASSWD User enters PIN, which is sent to server BALANCE User requests balance WITHDRAWL User asks to withdraw money BYE user all done Messages from Server to ATM machine (display) Msg name purpose -------- ------- PASSWD Ask user for PIN (password) OK last requested operation (PASSWD, WITHDRAWL) OK ERR last requested operation (PASSWD, WITHDRAWL) in ERROR AMOUNT sent in response to BALANCE request BYE user done, display welcome screen at ATM Correct operation: client server HELO (userid) --------------> (check if valid userid) <------------- PASSWD PASSWD --------------> (check password) <------------- AMOUNT WITHDRAWL --------------> check if enough $ to cover withdrawl (check if valid userid) <------------- PASSWD PASSWD --------------> (check password) <------------- AMOUNT WITHDRAWL --------------> check if enough $ to cover withdrawl <------------- BYE Problem 2 At time N*(L/R) the first packet has reached the destination, the second packet is stored in the last router, the third packet is stored in the next-to-last router, etc. At time N*(L/R) + L/R, the second packet has reached the destination, the third packet is stored in the last router, etc. Continuing with this logic, we see that at time N*(L/R) + (P-1)*(L/R) = (N+P-1)*(L/R) all packets have reached the destination. Problem 3 a) A circuit-switched network would be well suited to the application, because the application involves long sessions with predictable smooth bandwidth requirements. Since the transmission rate is known and not bursty, bandwidth can be reserved for each application session without significant waste. In addition, the overhead costs of setting up and tearing down connections are amortized over the lengthy duration of a typical application session. b) In the worst case, all the applications simultaneously transmit over one or more network links. However, since each link has sufficient bandwidth to handle the sum of all of the applications' data rates, no congestion (very little queuing) will occur. Given such generous link capacities, the network does not need congestion control mechanisms. Problem 4 Between the switch in the upper left and the switch in the upper right we can have 4 connections. Similarly we can have four connections between each of the 3 other pairs of adjacent switches. Thus, this network can support up to 16 connections. We can 4 connections passing through the switch in the upper-right-hand corner and another 4 connections passing through the switch in the lower-left-hand corner, giving a total of 8 connections. Yes. For the connections between A and C, we route two connections through B and two connections through D. For the connections between B and D, we route two connections through A and two connections through C. In this manner, there are at most 4 connections passing through any link. Problem 5 Tollbooths are 75 km apart, and the cars propagate at 100km/hr. A tollbooth services a car at a rate of one car every 12 seconds. a) There are ten cars. It takes 120 seconds, or 2 minutes, for the first tollbooth to service the 10 cars. Each of these cars has a propagation delay of 45 minutes (travel 75 km) before arriving at the second tollbooth. Thus, all the cars are lined up before the second tollbooth after 47 minutes. The whole process repeats itself for traveling between the second and third tollbooths. It also takes 2 minutes for the third tollbooth to service the 10 cars. Thus the total delay is 96 minutes. b) Delay between tollbooths is 8*12 seconds plus 45 minutes, i.e., 46 minutes and 36 seconds. The total delay is twice this amount plus 8*12 seconds, i.e., 94 minutes and 48 seconds. Problem 6 a) seconds. b) seconds. c) seconds. d) The bit is just leaving Host A. e) The first bit is in the link and has not reached Host B. f) The first bit has reached Host B. g) Want km. Problem 7 Consider the first bit in a packet. Before this bit can be transmitted, all of the bits in the packet must be generated. This requires sec=7msec. The time required to transmit the packet is sec= sec. Propagation delay = 10 msec. The delay until decoding is 7msec + sec + 10msec = 17.224msec A similar analysis shows that all bits experience a delay of 17.224 msec. Problem 8 a) 20 users can be supported. b) . c) . d) . We use the central limit theorem to approximate this probability. Let be independent random variables such that . “21 or more users” when is a standard normal r.v. Thus “21 or more users” . Problem 9 10,000 Problem 10 The first end system requires L/R1 to transmit the packet onto the first link; the packet propagates over the first link in d1/s1; the packet switch adds a processing delay of dproc; after receiving the entire packet, the packet switch connecting the first and the second link requires L/R2 to transmit the packet onto the second link; the packet propagates over the second link in d2/s2. Similarly, we can find the delay caused by the second switch and the third link: L/R3, dproc, and d3/s3. Adding these five delays gives dend-end = L/R1 + L/R2 + L/R3 + d1/s1 + d2/s2 + d3/s3+ dproc+ dproc To answer the second question, we simply plug the values into the equation to get 6 + 6 + 6 + 20+16 + 4 + 3 + 3 = 64 msec. Problem 11 Because bits are immediately transmitted, the packet switch does not introduce any delay; in particular, it does not introduce a transmission delay. Thus, dend-end = L/R + d1/s1 + d2/s2+ d3/s3 For the values in Problem 10, we get 6 + 20 + 16 + 4 = 46 msec. Problem 12 The arriving packet must first wait for the link to transmit 4.5 *1,500 bytes = 6,750 bytes or 54,000 bits. Since these bits are transmitted at 2 Mbps, the queuing delay is 27 msec. Generally, the queuing delay is (nL + (L - x))/R. Problem 13 The queuing delay is 0 for the first transmitted packet, L/R for the second transmitted packet, and generally, (n-1)L/R for the nth transmitted packet. Thus, the average delay for the N packets is: (L/R + 2L/R + ....... + (N-1)L/R)/N = L/(RN) * (1 + 2 + ..... + (N-1)) = L/(RN) * N(N-1)/2 = LN(N-1)/(2RN) = (N-1)L/(2R) Note that here we used the well-known fact: 1 + 2 + ....... + N = N(N+1)/2 It takes seconds to transmit the packets. Thus, the buffer is empty when a each batch of packets arrive. Thus, the average delay of a packet across all batches is the average delay within one batch, i.e., (N-1)L/2R. Problem 14 The transmission delay is . The total delay is Let . Total delay = For x=0, the total delay =0; as we increase x, total delay increases, approaching infinity as x approaches 1/a. Problem 15 Total delay . Problem 16 The total number of packets in the system includes those in the buffer and the packet that is being transmitted. So, N=10+1. Because , so (10+1)=a*(queuing delay + transmission delay). That is, 11=a*(0.01+1/100)=a*(0.01+0.01). Thus, a=550 packets/sec. Problem 17 There are nodes (the source host and the routers). Let denote the processing delay at the th node. Let be the transmission rate of the th link and let . Let be the propagation delay across the th link. Then . Let denote the average queuing delay at node . Then . Problem 18 On linux you can use the command traceroute www.targethost.com and in the Windows command prompt you can use tracert www.targethost.com In either case, you will get three delay measurements. For those three measurements you can calculate the mean and standard deviation. Repeat the experiment at different times of the day and comment on any changes. Here is an example solution: Traceroutes between San Diego Super Computer Center and www.poly.edu The average (mean) of the round-trip delays at each of the three hours is 71.18 ms, 71.38 ms and 71.55 ms, respectively. The standard deviations are 0.075 ms, 0.21 ms, 0.05 ms, respectively. In this example, the traceroutes have 12 routers in the path at each of the three hours. No, the paths didn’t change during any of the hours. Traceroute packets passed through four ISP networks from source to destination. Yes, in this experiment the largest delays occurred at peering interfaces between adjacent ISPs. Traceroutes from www.stella-net.net (France) to www.poly.edu (USA). The average round-trip delays at each of the three hours are 87.09 ms, 86.35 ms and 86.48 ms, respectively. The standard deviations are 0.53 ms, 0.18 ms, 0.23 ms, respectively. In this example, there are 11 routers in the path at each of the three hours. No, the paths didn’t change during any of the hours. Traceroute packets passed three ISP networks from source to destination. Yes, in this experiment the largest delays occurred at peering interfaces between adjacent ISPs. Problem 19 An example solution: Traceroutes from two different cities in France to New York City in United States In these traceroutes from two different cities in France to the same destination host in United States, seven links are in common including the transatlantic link. In this example of traceroutes from one city in France and from another city in Germany to the same host in United States, three links are in common including the transatlantic link. Traceroutes to two different cities in China from same host in United States Five links are common in the two traceroutes. The two traceroutes diverge before reaching China Problem 20 Throughput = min{Rs, Rc, R/M} Problem 21 If only use one path, the max throughput is given by: . If use all paths, the max throughput is given by . Problem 22 Probability of successfully receiving a packet is: ps= (1-p)N. The number of transmissions needed to be performed until the packet is successfully received by the client is a geometric random variable with success probability ps. Thus, the average number of transmissions needed is given by: 1/ps . Then, the average number of re-transmissions needed is given by: 1/ps -1. Problem 23 Let’s call the first packet A and call the second packet B. If the bottleneck link is the first link, then packet B is queued at the first link waiting for the transmission of packet A. So the packet inter-arrival time at the destination is simply L/Rs. If the second link is the bottleneck link and both packets are sent back to back, it must be true that the second packet arrives at the input queue of the second link before the second link finishes the transmission of the first packet. That is, L/Rs + L/Rs + dprop = L/Rs + dprop + L/Rc Thus, the minimum value of T is L/Rc  L/Rs . Problem 24 40 terabytes = 40 * 1012 * 8 bits. So, if using the dedicated link, it will take 40 * 1012 * 8 / (100 *106 ) =3200000 seconds = 37 days. But with FedEx overnight delivery, you can guarantee the data arrives in one day, and it should cost less than $100. Problem 25 160,000 bits 160,000 bits The bandwidth-delay product of a link is the maximum number of bits that can be in the link. the width of a bit = length of link / bandwidth-delay product, so 1 bit is 125 meters long, which is longer than a football field s/R Problem 26 s/R=20000km, then R=s/20000km= 2.5*108/(2*107)= 12.5 bps Problem 27 80,000,000 bits 800,000 bits, this is because that the maximum number of bits that will be in the link at any given time = min(bandwidth delay product, packet size) = 800,000 bits. .25 meters Problem 28 ttrans + tprop = 400 msec + 80 msec = 480 msec. 20 * (ttrans + 2 tprop) = 20*(20 msec + 80 msec) = 2 sec. Breaking up a file takes longer to transmit because each data packet and its corresponding acknowledgement packet add their own propagation delays. Problem 29 Recall geostationary satellite is 36,000 kilometers away from earth surface. 150 msec 1,500,000 bits 600,000,000 bits Problem 30 Let’s suppose the passenger and his/her bags correspond to the data unit arriving to the top of the protocol stack. When the passenger checks in, his/her bags are checked, and a tag is attached to the bags and ticket. This is additional information added in the Baggage layer if Figure 1.20 that allows the Baggage layer to implement the service or separating the passengers and baggage on the sending side, and then reuniting them (hopefully!) on the destination side. When a passenger then passes through security and additional stamp is often added to his/her ticket, indicating that the passenger has passed through a security check. This information is used to ensure (e.g., by later checks for the security information) secure transfer of people. Problem 31 Time to send message from source host to first packet switch = With store-and-forward switching, the total time to move message from source host to destination host = Time to send 1st packet from source host to first packet switch = . . Time at which 2nd packet is received at the first switch = time at which 1st packet is received at the second switch = Time at which 1st packet is received at the destination host = . After this, every 5msec one packet will be received; thus time at which last (800th) packet is received = . It can be seen that delay in using message segmentation is significantly less (almost 1/3rd). Without message segmentation, if bit errors are not tolerated, if there is a single bit error, the whole message has to be retransmitted (rather than a single packet). Without message segmentation, huge packets (containing HD videos, for example) are sent into the network. Routers have to accommodate these huge packets. Smaller packets have to queue behind enormous packets and suffer unfair delays. Packets have to be put in sequence at the destination. Message segmentation results in many smaller packets. Since header size is usually the same for all packets regardless of their size, with message segmentation the total amount of header bytes is more. Problem 32 Yes, the delays in the applet correspond to the delays in the Problem 31.The propagation delays affect the overall end-to-end delays both for packet switching and message switching equally. Problem 33 There are F/S packets. Each packet is S=80 bits. Time at which the last packet is received at the first router is sec. At this time, the first F/S-2 packets are at the destination, and the F/S-1 packet is at the second router. The last packet must then be transmitted by the first router and the second router, with each transmission taking sec. Thus delay in sending the whole file is To calculate the value of S which leads to the minimum delay, Problem 34 The circuit-switched telephone networks and the Internet are connected together at "gateways". When a Skype user (connected to the Internet) calls an ordinary telephone, a circuit is established between a gateway and the telephone user over the circuit switched network. The skype user's voice is sent in packets over the Internet to the gateway. At the gateway, the voice signal is reconstructed and then sent over the circuit. In the other direction, the voice signal is sent over the circuit switched network to the gateway. The gateway packetizes the voice signal and sends the voice packets to the Skype user.   Chapter 2 Review Questions The Web: HTTP; file transfer: FTP; remote login: Telnet; e-mail: SMTP; BitTorrent file sharing: BitTorrent protocol Network architecture refers to the organization of the communication process into layers (e.g., the five-layer Internet architecture). Application architecture, on the other hand, is designed by an application developer and dictates the broad structure of the application (e.g., client-server or P2P). The process which initiates the communication is the client; the process that waits to be contacted is the server. No. In a P2P file-sharing application, the peer that is receiving a file is typically the client and the peer that is sending the file is typically the server. The IP address of the destination host and the port number of the socket in the destination process. You would use UDP. With UDP, the transaction can be completed in one roundtrip time (RTT) - the client sends the transaction request into a UDP socket, and the server sends the reply back to the client's UDP socket. With TCP, a minimum of two RTTs are needed - one to set-up the TCP connection, and another for the client to send the request, and for the server to send back the reply. One such example is remote word processing, for example, with Google docs. However, because Google docs runs over the Internet (using TCP), timing guarantees are not provided. a) Reliable data transfer TCP provides a reliable byte-stream between client and server but UDP does not. b) A guarantee that a certain value for throughput will be maintained Neither c) A guarantee that data will be delivered within a specified amount of time Neither d) Confidentiality (via encryption) Neither SSL operates at the application layer. The SSL socket takes unencrypted data from the application layer, encrypts it and then passes it to the TCP socket. If the application developer wants TCP to be enhanced with SSL, she has to include the SSL code in the application. A protocol uses handshaking if the two communicating entities first exchange control packets before sending data to each other. SMTP uses handshaking at the application layer whereas HTTP does not. The applications associated with those protocols require that all application data be received in the correct order and without gaps. TCP provides this service whereas UDP does not. When the user first visits the site, the server creates a unique identification number, creates an entry in its back-end database, and returns this identification number as a cookie number. This cookie number is stored on the user’s host and is managed by the browser. During each subsequent visit (and purchase), the browser sends the cookie number back to the site. Thus the site knows when this user (more precisely, this browser) is visiting the site. Web caching can bring the desired content “closer” to the user, possibly to the same LAN to which the user’s host is connected. Web caching can reduce the delay for all objects, even objects that are not cached, since caching reduces the traffic on links. Telnet is not available in Windows 7 by default. to make it available, go to Control Panel, Programs and Features, Turn Windows Features On or Off, Check Telnet client. To start Telnet, in Windows command prompt, issue the following command > telnet webserverver 80 where "webserver" is some webserver. After issuing the command, you have established a TCP connection between your client telnet program and the web server. Then type in an HTTP GET message. An example is given below: Since the index.html page in this web server was not modified since Fri, 18 May 2007 09:23:34 GMT, and the above commands were issued on Sat, 19 May 2007, the server returned "304 Not Modified". Note that the first 4 lines are the GET message and header lines inputed by the user, and the next 4 lines (starting from HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified) is the response from the web server. FTP uses two parallel TCP connections, one connection for sending control information (such as a request to transfer a file) and another connection for actually transferring the file. Because the control information is not sent over the same connection that the file is sent over, FTP sends control information out of band. The message is first sent from Alice’s host to her mail server over HTTP. Alice’s mail server then sends the message to Bob’s mail server over SMTP. Bob then transfers the message from his mail server to his host over POP3. 17. Received: from 65.54.246.203 (EHLO bay0-omc3-s3.bay0.hotmail.com) (65.54.246.203) by mta419.mail.mud.yahoo.com with SMTP; Sat, 19 May 2007 16:53:51 -0700 Received: from hotmail.com ([65.55.135.106]) by bay0-omc3-s3.bay0.hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC(6.0.3790.2668); Sat, 19 May 2007 16:52:42 -0700 Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; Sat, 19 May 2007 16:52:41 -0700 Message-ID: Received: from 65.55.135.123 by by130fd.bay130.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; Sat, 19 May 2007 23:52:36 GMT From: "prithula dhungel" To: prithula@yahoo.com Bcc: Subject: Test mail Date: Sat, 19 May 2007 23:52:36 +0000 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: Text/html; format=flowed Return-Path: prithuladhungel@hotmail.com Figure: A sample mail message header Received: This header field indicates the sequence in which the SMTP servers send and receive the mail message including the respective timestamps. In this example there are 4 “Received:” header lines. This means the mail message passed through 5 different SMTP servers before being delivered to the receiver’s mail box. The last (forth) “Received:” header indicates the mail message flow from the SMTP server of the sender to the second SMTP server in the chain of servers. The sender’s SMTP server is at address 65.55.135.123 and the second SMTP server in the chain is by130fd.bay130.hotmail.msn.com. The third “Received:” header indicates the mail message flow from the second SMTP server in the chain to the third server, and so on. Finally, the first “Received:” header indicates the flow of the mail messages from the forth SMTP server to the last SMTP server (i.e. the receiver’s mail server) in the chain. Message-id: The message has been given this number BAY130-F26D9E35BF59E0D18A819AFB9310@phx.gbl (by bay0-omc3-s3.bay0.hotmail.com. Message-id is a unique string assigned by the mail system when the message is first created. From: This indicates the email address of the sender of the mail. In the given example, the sender is “prithuladhungel@hotmail.com” To: This field indicates the email address of the receiver of the mail. In the example, the receiver is “prithula@yahoo.com” Subject: This gives the subject of the mail (if any specified by the sender). In the example, the subject specified by the sender is “Test mail” Date: The date and time when the mail was sent by the sender. In the example, the sender sent the mail on 19th May 2007, at time 23:52:36 GMT. Mime-version: MIME version used for the mail. In the example, it is 1.0. Content-type: The type of content in the body of the mail message. In the example, it is “text/html”. Return-Path: This specifies the email address to which the mail will be sent if the receiver of this mail wants to reply to the sender. This is also used by the sender’s mail server for bouncing back undeliverable mail messages of mailer-daemon error messages. In the example, the return path is “prithuladhungel@hotmail.com”. With download and delete, after a user retrieves its messages from a POP server, the messages are deleted. This poses a problem for the nomadic user, who may want to access the messages from many different machines (office PC, home PC, etc.). In the download and keep configuration, messages are not deleted after the user retrieves the messages. This can also be inconvenient, as each time the user retrieves the stored messages from a new machine, all of non-deleted messages will be transferred to the new machine (including very old messages). Yes an organization’s mail server and Web server can have the same alias for a host name. The MX record is used to map the mail server’s host name to its IP address. You should be able to see the sender's IP address for a user with an .edu email address. But you will not be able to see the sender's IP address if the user uses a gmail account. It is not necessary that Bob will also provide chunks to Alice. Alice has to be in the top 4 neighbors of Bob for Bob to send out chunks to her; this might not occur even if Alice provides chunks to Bob throughout a 30-second interval. Recall that in BitTorrent, a peer picks a random peer and optimistically unchokes the peer for a short period of time. Therefore, Alice will eventually be optimistically unchoked by one of her neighbors, during which time she will receive chunks from that neighbor. The overlay network in a P2P file sharing system consists of the nodes participating in the file sharing system and the logical links between the nodes. There is a logical link (an “edge” in graph theory terms) from node A to node B if there is a semi-permanent TCP connection between A and B. An overlay network does not include routers. Mesh DHT: The advantage is in order to a route a message to the peer (with ID) that is closest to the key, only one hop is required; the disadvantage is that each peer must track all other peers in the DHT. Circular DHT: the advantage is that each peer needs to track only a few other peers; the disadvantage is that O(N) hops are needed to route a message to the peer that is closest to the key. 25. File Distribution Instant Messaging Video Streaming Distributed Computing With the UDP server, there is no welcoming socket, and all data from different clients enters the server through this one socket. With the TCP server, there is a welcoming socket, and each time a client initiates a connection to the server, a new socket is created. Thus, to support n simultaneous connections, the server would need n+1 sockets. For the TCP application, as soon as the client is executed, it attempts to initiate a TCP connection with the server. If the TCP server is not running, then the client will fail to make a connection. For the UDP application, the client does not initiate connections (or attempt to communicate with the UDP server) immediately upon execution Chapter 2 Problems Problem 1 a) F b) T c) F d) F e) F Problem 2 Access control commands: USER, PASS, ACT, CWD, CDUP, SMNT, REIN, QUIT. Transfer parameter commands: PORT, PASV, TYPE STRU, MODE. Service commands: RETR, STOR, STOU, APPE, ALLO, REST, RNFR, RNTO, ABOR, DELE, RMD, MRD, PWD, LIST, NLST, SITE, SYST, STAT, HELP, NOOP. Problem 3 Application layer protocols: DNS and HTTP Transport layer protocols: UDP for DNS; TCP for HTTP Problem 4 The document request was http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/cs453/index.html. The Host : field indicates the server's name and /cs453/index.html indicates the file name. The browser is running HTTP version 1.1, as indicated just before the first pair. The browser is requesting a persistent connection, as indicated by the Connection: keep-alive. This is a trick question. This information is not contained in an HTTP message anywhere. So there is no way to tell this from looking at the exchange of HTTP messages alone. One would need information from the IP datagrams (that carried the TCP segment that carried the HTTP GET request) to answer this question. Mozilla/5.0. The browser type information is needed by the server to send different versions of the same object to different types of browsers. Problem 5 The status code of 200 and the phrase OK indicate that the server was able to locate the document successfully. The reply was provided on Tuesday, 07 Mar 2008 12:39:45 Greenwich Mean Time. The document index.html was last modified on Saturday 10 Dec 2005 18:27:46 GMT. There are 3874 bytes in the document being returned. The first five bytes of the returned document are : Problem 6 Persistent connections are discussed in section 8 of RFC 2616 (the real goal of this question was to get you to retrieve and read an RFC). Sections 8.1.2 and 8.1.2.1 of the RFC indicate that either the client or the server can indicate to the other that it is going to close the persistent connection. It does so by including the connection-token "close" in the Connection-header field of the http request/reply. HTTP does not provide any encryption services. (From RFC 2616) “Clients that use persistent connections should limit the number of simultaneous connections that they maintain to a given server. A single-user client SHOULD NOT maintain more than 2 connections with any server or proxy.” Yes. (From RFC 2616) “A client might have started to send a new request at the same time that the server has decided to close the "idle" connection. From the server's point of view, the connection is being closed while it was idle, but from the client's point of view, a request is in progress.” Problem 7 The total amount of time to get the IP address is . Once the IP address is known, elapses to set up the TCP connection and another elapses to request and receive the small object. The total response time is Problem 8 . . Problem 9 The time to transmit an object of size L over a link or rate R is L/R. The average time is the average size of the object divided by R:  = (850,000 bits)/(15,000,000 bits/sec) = .0567 sec The traffic intensity on the link is given by =(16 requests/sec)(.0567 sec/request) = 0.907. Thus, the average access delay is (.0567 sec)/(1 - .907)  .6 seconds. The total average response time is therefore .6 sec + 3 sec = 3.6 sec. The traffic intensity on the access link is reduced by 60% since the 60% of the requests are satisfied within the institutional network. Thus the average access delay is (.0567 sec)/[1 – (.4)(.907)] = .089 seconds. The response time is approximately zero if the request is satisfied by the cache (which happens with probability .6); the average response time is .089 sec + 3 sec = 3.089 sec for cache misses (which happens 40% of the time). So the average response time is (.6)(0 sec) + (.4)(3.089 sec) = 1.24 seconds. Thus the average response time is reduced from 3.6 sec to 1.24 sec. Problem 10 Note that each downloaded object can be completely put into one data packet. Let Tp denote the one-way propagation delay between the client and the server. First consider parallel downloads using non-persistent connections. Parallel downloads would allow 10 connections to share the 150 bits/sec bandwidth, giving each just 15 bits/sec. Thus, the total time needed to receive all objects is given by: (200/150+Tp + 200/150 +Tp + 200/150+Tp + 100,000/150+ Tp ) + (200/(150/10)+Tp + 200/(150/10) +Tp + 200/(150/10)+Tp + 100,000/(150/10)+ Tp ) = 7377 + 8*Tp (seconds) Now consider a persistent HTTP connection. The total time needed is given by: (200/150+Tp + 200/150 +Tp + 200/150+Tp + 100,000/150+ Tp ) + 10*(200/150+Tp + 100,000/150+ Tp ) =7351 + 24*Tp (seconds) Assuming the speed of light is 300*106 m/sec, then Tp=10/(300*106)=0.03 microsec. Tp is therefore negligible compared with transmission delay. Thus, we see that persistent HTTP is not significantly faster (less than 1 percent) than the non-persistent case with parallel download. Problem 11 Yes, because Bob has more connections, he can get a larger share of the link bandwidth. Yes, Bob still needs to perform parallel downloads; otherwise he will get less bandwidth than the other four users. Problem 12 Server.py from socket import * serverPort=12000 serverSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) serverSocket.bind(('',serverPort)) serverSocket.listen(1) connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept() while 1: sentence = connectionSocket.recv(1024) print 'From Server:', sentence, '\n' serverSocket.close() Problem 13 The MAIL FROM: in SMTP is a message from the SMTP client that identifies the sender of the mail message to the SMTP server. The From: on the mail message itself is NOT an SMTP message, but rather is just a line in the body of the mail message. Problem 14 SMTP uses a line containing only a period to mark the end of a message body. HTTP uses “Content-Length header field” to indicate the length of a message body. No, HTTP cannot use the method used by SMTP, because HTTP message could be binary data, whereas in SMTP, the message body must be in 7-bit ASCII format. Problem 15 MTA stands for Mail Transfer Agent. A host sends the message to an MTA. The message then follows a sequence of MTAs to reach the receiver’s mail reader. We see that this spam message follows a chain of MTAs. An honest MTA should report where it receives the message. Notice that in this message, “asusus-4b96 ([58.88.21.177])” does not report from where it received the email. Since we assume only the originator is dishonest, so “asusus-4b96 ([58.88.21.177])” must be the originator. Problem 16 UIDL abbreviates “unique-ID listing”. When a POP3 client issues the UIDL command, the server responds with the unique message ID for all of the messages present in the user's mailbox. This command is useful for “download and keep”. By maintaining a file that lists the messages retrieved during earlier sessions, the client can use the UIDL command to determine which messages on the server have already been seen. Problem 17 a) C: dele 1 C: retr 2 S: (blah blah … S: ………..blah) S: . C: dele 2 C: quit S: +OK POP3 server signing off b) C: retr 2 S: blah blah … S: ………..blah S: . C: quit S: +OK POP3 server signing off C: list S: 1 498 S: 2 912 S: . C: retr 1 S: blah ….. S: ….blah S: . C: retr 2 S: blah blah … S: ………..blah S: . C: quit S: +OK POP3 server signing off Problem 18 For a given input of domain name (such as ccn.com), IP address or network administrator name, the whois database can be used to locate the corresponding registrar, whois server, DNS server, and so on. NS4.YAHOO.COM from www.register.com; NS1.MSFT.NET from ww.register.com Local Domain: www.mindspring.com Web servers : www.mindspring.com 207.69.189.21, 207.69.189.22, 207.69.189.23, 207.69.189.24, 207.69.189.25, 207.69.189.26, 207.69.189.27, 207.69.189.28 Mail Servers : mx1.mindspring.com (207.69.189.217) mx2.mindspring.com (207.69.189.218) mx3.mindspring.com (207.69.189.219) mx4.mindspring.com (207.69.189.220) Name Servers: itchy.earthlink.net (207.69.188.196) scratchy.earthlink.net (207.69.188.197) www.yahoo.com Web Servers: www.yahoo.com (216.109.112.135, 66.94.234.13) Mail Servers: a.mx.mail.yahoo.com (209.191.118.103) b.mx.mail.yahoo.com (66.196.97.250) c.mx.mail.yahoo.com (68.142.237.182, 216.39.53.3) d.mx.mail.yahoo.com (216.39.53.2) e.mx.mail.yahoo.com (216.39.53.1) f.mx.mail.yahoo.com (209.191.88.247, 68.142.202.247) g.mx.mail.yahoo.com (209.191.88.239, 206.190.53.191) Name Servers: ns1.yahoo.com (66.218.71.63) ns2.yahoo.com (68.142.255.16) ns3.yahoo.com (217.12.4.104) ns4.yahoo.com (68.142.196.63) ns5.yahoo.com (216.109.116.17) ns8.yahoo.com (202.165.104.22) ns9.yahoo.com (202.160.176.146) www.hotmail.com Web Servers: www.hotmail.com (64.4.33.7, 64.4.32.7) Mail Servers: mx1.hotmail.com (65.54.245.8, 65.54.244.8, 65.54.244.136) mx2.hotmail.com (65.54.244.40, 65.54.244.168, 65.54.245.40) mx3.hotmail.com (65.54.244.72, 65.54.244.200, 65.54.245.72) mx4.hotmail.com (65.54.244.232, 65.54.245.104, 65.54.244.104) Name Servers: ns1.msft.net (207.68.160.190) ns2.msft.net (65.54.240.126) ns3.msft.net (213.199.161.77) ns4.msft.net (207.46.66.126) ns5.msft.net (65.55.238.126) d) The yahoo web server has multiple IP addresses www.yahoo.com (216.109.112.135, 66.94.234.13) e) The address range for Polytechnic University: 128.238.0.0 – 128.238.255.255 f) An attacker can use the whois database and nslookup tool to determine the IP address ranges, DNS server addresses, etc., for the target institution. By analyzing the source address of attack packets, the victim can use whois to obtain information about domain from which the attack is coming and possibly inform the administrators of the origin domain. Problem 19 The following delegation chain is used for gaia.cs.umass.edu a.root-servers.net E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET ns1.umass.edu(authoritative) First command: dig +norecurse @a.root-servers.net any gaia.cs.umass.edu ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: edu. 172800 IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. edu. 172800 IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. edu. 172800 IN NS G3.NSTLD.COM. edu. 172800 IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. edu. 172800 IN NS H3.NSTLD.COM. edu. 172800 IN NS L3.NSTLD.COM. edu. 172800 IN NS M3.NSTLD.COM. edu. 172800 IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET. Among all returned edu DNS servers, we send a query to the first one. dig +norecurse @E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET any gaia.cs.umass.edu umass.edu. 172800 IN NS ns1.umass.edu. umass.edu. 172800 IN NS ns2.umass.edu. umass.edu. 172800 IN NS ns3.umass.edu. Among all three returned authoritative DNS servers, we send a query to the first one. dig +norecurse @ns1.umass.edu any gaia.cs.umass.edu gaia.cs.umass.edu. 21600 IN A 128.119.245.12 The answer for google.com could be: a.root-servers.net E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET ns1.google.com(authoritative) Problem 20 We can periodically take a snapshot of the DNS caches in the local DNS servers. The Web server that appears most frequently in the DNS caches is the most popular server. This is because if more users are interested in a Web server, then DNS requests for that server are more frequently sent by users. Thus, that Web server will appear in the DNS caches more frequently. For a complete measurement study, see: Craig E. Wills, Mikhail Mikhailov, Hao Shang “Inferring Relative Popularity of Internet Applications by Actively Querying DNS Caches”, in IMC'03, October 27­29, 2003, Miami Beach, Florida, USA Problem 21 Yes, we can use dig to query that Web site in the local DNS server. For example, “dig cnn.com” will return the query time for finding cnn.com. If cnn.com was just accessed a couple of seconds ago, an entry for cnn.com is cached in the local DNS cache, so the query time is 0 msec. Otherwise, the query time is large. Problem 22 For calculating the minimum distribution time for client-server distribution, we use the following formula: Dcs = max {NF/us, F/dmin} Similarly, for calculating the minimum distribution time for P2P distribution, we use the following formula: Where, F = 15 Gbits = 15 * 1024 Mbits us = 30 Mbps dmin = di = 2 Mbps Note, 300Kbps = 300/1024 Mbps. Client Server N 10 100 1000 u 300 Kbps 7680 51200 512000 700 Kbps 7680 51200 512000 2 Mbps 7680 51200 512000 Peer to Peer N 10 100 1000 u 300 Kbps 7680 25904 47559 700 Kbps 7680 15616 21525 2 Mbps 7680 7680 7680 Problem 23 Consider a distribution scheme in which the server sends the file to each client, in parallel, at a rate of a rate of us/N. Note that this rate is less than each of the client’s download rate, since by assumption us/N ≤ dmin. Thus each client can also receive at rate us/N. Since each client receives at rate us/N, the time for each client to receive the entire file is F/( us/N) = NF/ us. Since all the clients receive the file in NF/ us, the overall distribution time is also NF/ us. Consider a distribution scheme in which the server sends the file to each client, in parallel, at a rate of dmin. Note that the aggregate rate, N dmin, is less than the server’s link rate us, since by assumption us/N ≥ dmin. Since each client receives at rate dmin, the time for each client to receive the entire file is F/ dmin. Since all the clients receive the file in this time, the overall distribution time is also F/ dmin. From Section 2.6 we know that DCS ≥ max {NF/us, F/dmin} (Equation 1) Suppose that us/N ≤ dmin. Then from Equation 1 we have DCS ≥ NF/us . But from (a) we have DCS ≤ NF/us . Combining these two gives: DCS = NF/us when us/N ≤ dmin. (Equation 2) We can similarly show that: DCS =F/dmin when us/N ≥ dmin (Equation 3). Combining Equation 2 and Equation 3 gives the desired result. Problem 24 Define u = u1 + u2 + ….. + uN. By assumption us <= (us + u)/N Equation 1 Divide the file into N parts, with the ith part having size (ui/u)F. The server transmits the ith part to peer i at rate ri = (ui/u)us. Note that r1 + r2 + ….. + rN = us, so that the aggregate server rate does not exceed the link rate of the server. Also have each peer i forward the bits it receives to each of the N-1 peers at rate ri. The aggregate forwarding rate by peer i is (N-1)ri. We have (N-1)ri = (N-1)(usui)/u = (us + u)/N Equation 2 Let ri = ui/(N-1) and rN+1 = (us – u/(N-1))/N In this distribution scheme, the file is broken into N+1 parts. The server sends bits from the ith part to the ith peer (i = 1, …., N) at rate ri. Each peer i forwards the bits arriving at rate ri to each of the other N-1 peers. Additionally, the server sends bits from the (N+1) st part at rate rN+1 to each of the N peers. The peers do not forward the bits from the (N+1)st part. The aggregate send rate of the server is r1+ …. + rN + N rN+1 = u/(N-1) + us – u/(N-1) = us Thus, the server’s send rate does not exceed its link rate. The aggregate send rate of peer i is (N-1)ri = ui Thus, each peer’s send rate does not exceed its link rate. In this distribution scheme, peer i receives bits at an aggregate rate of Thus each peer receives the file in NF/(us+u). (For simplicity, we neglected to specify the size of the file part for i = 1, …., N+1. We now provide that here. Let Δ = (us+u)/N be the distribution time. For i = 1, …, N, the ith file part is Fi = ri Δ bits. The (N+1)st file part is FN+1 = rN+1 Δ bits. It is straightforward to show that F1+ ….. + FN+1 = F.) The solution to this part is similar to that of 17 (c). We know from section 2.6 that Combining this with a) and b) gives the desired result. Problem 25 There are N nodes in the overlay network. There are N(N-1)/2 edges. Problem 26 Yes. His first claim is possible, as long as there are enough peers staying in the swarm for a long enough time. Bob can always receive data through optimistic unchoking by other peers. His second claim is also true. He can run a client on each host, let each client “free-ride,” and combine the collected chunks from the different hosts into a single file. He can even write a small scheduling program to make the different hosts ask for different chunks of the file. This is actually a kind of Sybil attack in P2P networks. Problem 27 Peer 3 learns that peer 5 has just left the system, so Peer 3 asks its first successor (Peer 4) for the identifier of its immediate successor (peer 8). Peer 3 will then make peer 8 its second successor. Problem 28 Peer 6 would first send peer 15 a message, saying “what will be peer 6’s predecessor and successor?” This message gets forwarded through the DHT until it reaches peer 5, who realizes that it will be 6’s predecessor and that its current successor, peer 8, will become 6’s successor. Next, peer 5 sends this predecessor and successor information back to 6. Peer 6 can now join the DHT by making peer 8 its successor and by notifying peer 5 that it should change its immediate successor to 6. Problem 29 For each key, we first calculate the distances (using d(k,p)) between itself and all peers, and then store the key in the peer that is closest to the key (that is, with smallest distance value). Problem 30 Yes, randomly assigning keys to peers does not consider the underlying network at all, so it very likely causes mismatches. Such mismatches may degrade the search performance. For example, consider a logical path p1 (consisting of only two logical links): ABC, where A and B are neighboring peers, and B and C are neighboring peers. Suppose that there is another logical path p2 from A to C (consisting of 3 logical links): ADEC. It might be the case that A and B are very far away physically (and separated by many routers), and B and C are very far away physically (and separated by many routers). But it may be the case that A, D, E, and C are all very close physically (and all separated by few routers). In other words, a shorter logical path may correspond to a much longer physical path. Problem 31 If you run TCPClient first, then the client will attempt to make a TCP connection with a non-existent server process. A TCP connection will not be made. UDPClient doesn't establish a TCP connection with the server. Thus, everything should work fine if you first run UDPClient, then run UDPServer, and then type some input into the keyboard. If you use different port numbers, then the client will attempt to establish a TCP connection with the wrong process or a non-existent process. Errors will occur. Problem 32 In the original program, UDPClient does not specify a port number when it creates the socket. In this case, the code lets the underlying operating system choose a port number. With the additional line, when UDPClient is executed, a UDP socket is created with port number 5432 . UDPServer needs to know the client port number so that it can send packets back to the correct client socket. Glancing at UDPServer, we see that the client port number is not “hard-wired” into the server code; instead, UDPServer determines the client port number by unraveling the datagram it receives from the client. Thus UDP server will work with any client port number, including 5432. UDPServer therefore does not need to be modified. Before: Client socket = x (chosen by OS) Server socket = 9876 After: Client socket = 5432 Problem 33 Yes, you can configure many browsers to open multiple simultaneous connections to a Web site. The advantage is that you will you potentially download the file faster. The disadvantage is that you may be hogging the bandwidth, thereby significantly slowing down the downloads of other users who are sharing the same physical links. Problem 34 For an application such as remote login (telnet and ssh), a byte-stream oriented protocol is very natural since there is no notion of message boundaries in the application. When a user types a character, we simply drop the character into the TCP connection. In other applications, we may be sending a series of messages that have inherent boundaries between them. For example, when one SMTP mail server sends another SMTP mail server several email messages back to back. Since TCP does not have a mechanism to indicate the boundaries, the application must add the indications itself, so that receiving side of the application can distinguish one message from the next. If each message were instead put into a distinct UDP segment, the receiving end would be able to distinguish the various messages without any indications added by the sending side of the application. Problem 35 To create a web server, we need to run web server software on a host. Many vendors sell web server software. However, the most popular web server software today is Apache, which is open source and free. Over the years it has been highly optimized by the open-source community. Problem 36 The key is the infohash, the value is an IP address that currently has the file designated by the infohash.   Chapter 3 Review Questions Call this protocol Simple Transport Protocol (STP). At the sender side, STP accepts from the sending process a chunk of data not exceeding 1196 bytes, a destination host address, and a destination port number. STP adds a four-byte header to each chunk and puts the port number of the destination process in this header. STP then gives the destination host address and the resulting segment to the network layer. The network layer delivers the segment to STP at the destination host. STP then examines the port number in the segment, extracts the data from the segment, and passes the data to the process identified by the port number. The segment now has two header fields: a source port field and destination port field. At the sender side, STP accepts a chunk of data not exceeding 1192 bytes, a destination host address, a source port number, and a destination port number. STP creates a segment which contains the application data, source port number, and destination port number. It then gives the segment and the destination host address to the network layer. After receiving the segment, STP at the receiving host gives the application process the application data and the source port number. No, the transport layer does not have to do anything in the core; the transport layer “lives” in the end systems. For sending a letter, the family member is required to give the delegate the letter itself, the address of the destination house, and the name of the recipient. The delegate clearly writes the recipient’s name on the top of the letter. The delegate then puts the letter in an envelope and writes the address of the destination house on the envelope. The delegate then gives the letter to the planet’s mail service. At the receiving side, the delegate receives the letter from the mail service, takes the letter out of the envelope, and takes note of the recipient name written at the top of the letter. The delegate then gives the letter to the family member with this name. No, the mail service does not have to open the envelope; it only examines the address on the envelope. Source port number y and destination port number x. An application developer may not want its application to use TCP’s congestion control, which can throttle the application’s sending rate at times of congestion. Often, designers of IP telephony and IP videoconference applications choose to run their applications over UDP because they want to avoid TCP’s congestion control. Also, some applications do not need the reliable data transfer provided by TCP. Since most firewalls are configured to block UDP traffic, using TCP for video and voice traffic lets the traffic though the firewalls. Yes. The application developer can put reliable data transfer into the application layer protocol. This would require a significant amount of work and debugging, however. Yes, both segments will be directed to the same socket. For each received segment, at the socket interface, the operating system will provide the process with the IP addresses to determine the origins of the individual segments. For each persistent connection, the Web server creates a separate “connection socket”. Each connection socket is identified with a four-tuple: (source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, destination port number). When host C receives and IP datagram, it examines these four fields in the datagram/segment to determine to which socket it should pass the payload of the TCP segment. Thus, the requests from A and B pass through different sockets. The identifier for both of these sockets has 80 for the destination port; however, the identifiers for these sockets have different values for source IP addresses. Unlike UDP, when the transport layer passes a TCP segment’s payload to the application process, it does not specify the source IP address, as this is implicitly specified by the socket identifier. Sequence numbers are required for a receiver to find out whether an arriving packet contains new data or is a retransmission. To handle losses in the channel. If the ACK for a transmitted packet is not received within the duration of the timer for the packet, the packet (or its ACK or NACK) is assumed to have been lost. Hence, the packet is retransmitted. A timer would still be necessary in the protocol rdt 3.0. If the round trip time is known then the only advantage will be that, the sender knows for sure that either the packet or the ACK (or NACK) for the packet has been lost, as compared to the real scenario, where the ACK (or NACK) might still be on the way to the sender, after the timer expires. However, to detect the loss, for each packet, a timer of constant duration will still be necessary at the sender. The packet loss caused a time out after which all the five packets were retransmitted. Loss of an ACK didn’t trigger any retransmission as Go-Back-N uses cumulative acknowledgements. The sender was unable to send sixth packet as the send window size is fixed to 5. When the packet was lost, the received four packets were buffered the receiver. After the timeout, sender retransmitted the lost packet and receiver delivered the buffered packets to application in correct order. Duplicate ACK was sent by the receiver for the lost ACK. The sender was unable to send sixth packet as the send win
这是一个基于B/S结构的通信原理仿真平台的源代码和技术报告还有Demo。它可以帮助你建立一个通信原理网上实验室,为学生提供在线实验。 这是由华中科技大学王晶 在大三的时候开发的。历时4个月。 Communication Principle is a very practical course, so doing some experiments will improve students’ understanding of the course. MATLAB is very good software to implement experiments of Communication Principle. It is a very powerful tool which has been used in many scientific areas. It consists of many toolboxes and blocksets and integrates them in a friendly environment where real problems can be easily modeled in mathematical way. However, MATLAB also has many drawbacks. The cumbersome volume and the high price of the authentication make it impossible for many students to install the program. To solve this problem, I implement a scalable and general simulation platform of MATLAB using MATLAB web server. The platform is friendlier to users since user can run the online experiment on browser even they don’t have MATLAB installed on their machine. The platform consists of five parts: Analog Modulation, Pulse Modulation, Digital Baseband, Digital Modulation, and Spread Spectrum. The 17 experiments cover all the key points of Communication Principle. Most of the experiments have been made into a system to give students a general concept of the communication system. To make the platform more interactive, I also develop a Telnet Terminal software using TCP protocol. With this terminal, users can access the MATLAB of Server directly. They can not only upload their own program but also publish their own webpage and experiment. Keywords: Communication Principle; Matlab; Web Server; Telnet Terminal; Great thanks to the association of Guo Xichen. She has helped me much in the process. Without her selfless help, I couldn’t finish the program in time
Keyboard shortcuts A quick reference guide to UltraEdit's default keyboard shortcuts Keymapping and custom hotkeys How to customize 键映射s and menu hotkeys Column Markers The benefit of a column maker is that it can help you to format your text/code, or in some cases to make it easier to read in complex nested logic. Quick Open UltraEdit and UEStudio provide multiple methods to quickly open files without using the standard Open File dialog. A favorite method among power users is the Quick Open in the File menu. The benefit of the quick open dialog is that it loads up very... Vertical & Horizontal Split Window This is a convenient feature when you're manually comparing files, when you want to copy/paste between multiple files, or when you simply want to divide up your edit space. Tabbed Child Windows Declutter your edit space by using the tabbed child windows feature Auto-Hide Child Windows When you're deep in your code, the most important thing is editing space. The all new auto-hide child windows give you The all new auto-hide child windows allow you to maximize your editing space by hiding the child windows against the edge of the editor. Customizing toolbars Did you know that you can not only change what is on UltraEdit's toolbars, you can also change the icon used, as well as create your own custom toolbars and tools? File tabs Understand how file tabs can be displayed, controlled and configured through the window docking system in UltraEdit/UEStudio. Create user/project tools Execute DOS or Windows commands in UltraEdit or UEStudio Temporary Files UltraEdit and UEStudio use temporary files... but what are temporary files? This power tip provides an explanation as well as some tips to get the most out of temp files. Backup and Restore Settings One of the staples of UltraEdit (and UEStudio) is its highly configurable interface and features. However, what happens when you're moving to a new system and you want to port your settings and customizations over along with UltraEdit? Add a webpage to your toolbar Use UltraEdit's powerful user tools to launch your favorite website from the click of a button on your toolbar Integrate Yahoo!, Google, Wikipedia and more with UltraEdit This tutorial will show you how to access the information you need in your browser by simply highlighting your text in the edit window and clicking your toolbar button How to install UE3 UE3 is the portable version of UltraEdit developed specifically for the U3 smart drive. You will need a U3-compatible USB drive for this power tip Scripting tutorial An introduction to UltraEdit's integrated scripting feature The List Lines Containing String option in Find The lists lines option can be a handy tool when searching because it presents all occurrences of the find string in a floating dialog box. You can use the dialog to navigate to each instance by double-clicking on one of the result lines... Scripting Access to the Clipboard How to access the Clipboard using the integrated scripting engine Scripting access to output window How to access the output window using the integrated scripting engine Writing a macro Steps to record and edit powerful macros to quickly and efficiently edit files Using "copied" and "selected" variables for dynamic macros Use copied and selected text in macros to dramatically increase the power and flexibility of UltraEdit macros Run a macro or script from the command line We are often asked if it is possible to run an UltraEdit macro or script on a file from the command line. The answer is yes - and it's not only possible, it's extremely simple! Using find/replace UltraEdit and UEStudio give you the ability to perform a find or replace through one or more files. Learn how to use UltraEdit/UEStudio's powerful find and replace. Multiline find and replace Search and replace text spanning several lines Incremental search Incremental search is an inline, progressive search that allows you to find matched text as you type, much like Firefox's search feature Regular expressions Regular Expressions are essentially patterns (rather than specific strings) that are used with Find/Replace operations. This guide can dramatically improve your speed and efficiency for Find/Replace Tagged expressions "Tagging" the find data allows UltraEdit/UEStudio to re-use the data similar to variable during a replace. For example, If ^(h*o^) ^(f*s^) matches "hello folks", ^2 ^1 would replace it with "folks hello". Perl compatible regular expressions An introduction to using Perl-style regular expressions for search/replace Perl regex tutorial: non-greedy regular expressions Have you ever built a complex Perl-style regular expression, only to find that it matches much more data than you anticipated? If you've ever found yourself pulling your hair out trying to build the perfect regular expression to match the least amoun... Remove blank lines A question we often see is "I have a lot of blank lines in my file and I don't want to go through and manually delete them. Is there an easier way to do this?" The answer is: yes! Configure FTP Set up and configure multiple FTP accounts TaskMatch Environments How to use TaskMatch Environments in UltraEdit and UEStudio Configure FTP backup Save a local copy of your files when you transfer them to FTP directories Encrypt and Decrypt Text Files Use UltraEdit to encrypt and decrypt your text files Link to remote directories Sync local directories with remote (FTP/SFTP) directories Compare Modified File Against Source File How to compare the modified file against the source file on disk. Column Based Find and Replace Need to restrict your search/replace to a specific column range? The column based search does just that... Compare Highlighted Text If you need to quickly compare of portions of text, rather than an entire file, then you need UltraEdit/UEStudio's selected text compare! The selected text compare allows you to select portions of text between 2 files and execute a compare on ONLY the se Using the SSH/telnet console A tutorial for UltraEdit/UEStudio's SSH/telent feature Adding a wordfile Adding a wordfile in UltraEdit v15.00 and greater Adding a wordfile (in v14.20 and earlier) Add a language definition to your wordfile for use with UltraEdit and UEStudio's powerful syntax highlighting Syntax highlighting and code folding Explanation of highlighting and folding definitions in the UltraEdit/UEStudio wordfile Create Your Own TaskMatch Environment How to create your own TaskMatch Environments Filtering the Explorer View How to filter the Explorer view in UltraEdit and UEStudio Group Files and Folders with Projects How to group your files and folders using Projects Adding or removing file extensions for syntax highlighting How to configure syntax highlighting to highlight different file types automatically Project Settings Advanced Project Features - Using the UltraEdit/UEStudio project settings dialog Scripting Techniques Scripting techniques for UltraEdit/UEStudio. Perl-style regular expressions for function strings Using Perl-Style regexes to identify functions in your syntax-highlighted files and populate the function list Autocorrect keywords in UltraEdit/UEStudio How to enable and disable autocorrect keywords with syntax highlighting Insert Menu Commands UltraEdit includes several special insert functions under the Insert menu. You can use these functions to insert a file into the active file, insert a string into the file at every specified increment, sample colors from anywhere on your screen, and more. Using Bookmarks UltraEdit and UEStudio provide a way for you to mark, access, and preview your favorite lines via bookmarks. We'll look at how to create, edit, and configure bookmarks in the bookmark viewer. Creating Search Favorites UltraEdit includes a Search and Replace Favorites feature that allows you to manage frequently used Find and Replace strings. Create, name, and edit your Search and Replace Favorites... Customizing The HTML Toolbar Commands The purpose of this power tip is to teach you how to customize the existing HTML tags and create your own HTML tags. Combine All Open Files into a Single Destination File Have you ever needed to combine multiple files into a single destination (output) file? You can use a combination of a script and tool to create a single file from multiple files. Sum Column/Selection in Column Mode This power tip demonstrates how to calculate the sum from a column of numeric data. Column mode How to use the features of UltraEdit's powerful column mode Advanced and column-based sort How to sort file data using the advanced sort options and the column sort options Working with CSV files Use UltraEdit's built-in handling for character-separated value files Word wrap and tab settings for different file types UltraEdit and UEStudio allow you to customize the word wrap and tab settings for any type of file. This power tip walks you through the steps to configure these customizations Versioned backup Set UltraEdit/UEStudio to automatically save versioned backups of your files Configure spell checker How to set the highly-configurable options for UltraEdit's integrated spell checker Special functions UltraEdit includes several special functions under the File menu. You can use these functions to insert a file into the current file, delete the active file, send the file through email, or insert a string into the file at every specified increment HTML preview Edit and preview your rendered HTML code in the edit window Custom templates Create templates for frequently used text. You can also assign hotkeys to your templates. Compare files/folders Integrated differences tool - comparing files and folders with UltraCompare Professional File change polling Monitor log files and more using UltraEdit's file change polling feature Vertically split the edit window Splitting the edit window in UltraEdit/UEStudio Large file text editor UltraEdit can be used to edit large text files. Learn how to configure UltraEdit to optimize editing large text files Multiple configuration environments of Ultraedit/UEstudio How to set up your separate environments for UltraEdit/UEStudio Java compiler Create a custom user tool to compile Java code, using the command line, from within UltraEdit Configure UltraEdit with javascript lint How to check your JavaScript source code for common mistakes without actually running the script or opening the web page Character properties at your fingertips Access the properties of a character with the click of a button Ctags Set up and configure Ctags for use in UltraEdit Visual SourceSafe integration Create a customized user tool to check out files from Visual SourceSafe Running WebFOCUS from UltraEdit Configure UltraEdit for use with WebFOCUS CSE HTML Validator CSE HTML Validator for Windows is the most powerful, easy to use, user configurable, and all-in-one HTML, XHTML, CSS, link, spelling, and accessibility checker available. This quick tutorial shows you how to use it and set it up in UltraEdit/UEStudio Working with Unicode in UltraEdit/UEStudio In this tutorial, we'll cover some of the basics of Unicode-encoded text and Unicode files, and how to view and manipulate it in UltraEdit. Search and delete lines found UEStudio and UltraEdit provide a way for you to search and delete found lines from your files. This short tutorial provides the steps for searching for and deleting lines by writing a simple script. Parsing XML files and editing XML files Parsing XML can be a time-consuming task, especially when large amounts of data are involved. As of v15.10, UltraEdit provides you with a the XML Window for the purpose of parsing your XML files. The XML window allows you to navigate through the XML... Using Bookmarks UltraEdit and UEStudio provide a way for you to mark, access, and preview your favorite lines via bookmarks. We'll look at how to create, edit, and configure bookmarks in the bookmark viewer. Using the CSS style builder UltraEdit and UEStudio both include a CSS style builder for you to easily configure and insert CSS styles into the active document. This power tip will show you how to use the style builder. SSH/Telnet Session Logging Log the input and output to/from the server in your SSH/Telnet sessions Edit, develop, debug, and run SAS programs This user-submitted power tip describes how to use UltraEdit as a SAS editor, as well as how to run and debug SAS programs from the editor itself Tabs to Spaces - Ignore tabs and spaces in string and comments Ever had to convert the tab characters to spaces, but wanted to leave the tabs in strings and comments untouched? In previous versions, the convert tabs to spaces feature didn't distinguish between tabs as whitespace/formatting vs. tabs in... Setting File Associations in UltraEdit/UEStudio A file association is used by Windows Explorer to determine which application will open the file when it is double-clicked (or opened) in Explorer. In the interest of speed, many UltraEdit/UEStudio users want to associate specific file types with... Windows Explorer Integration We know that many UltraEdit/UEStudio users don't operate solely from within the editor; rather, they are frequently working in Windows Explorer before going to the editor. As such, they want (and need) a quick and easy way to open files from within... Line Change Indicator Ever wanted to see what changes you've made since your last save, or have you ever wanted to know what lines you've changed during an edit session? As of UltraEdit v16.00, you can do just that with the line change indicator... Comment and Uncomment Selected Text How many times per day do you comment out a block of code? Do you ever get tired of manually typing your open and close comments? As of v16.00, simply highlight your code, click a button, and move on. It's that easy... Hide, Show, and Delete Found Lines in UltraEdit/UEStudio Over time, many of our users have asked for the ability to hide/show lines based on a Find string... you got it! As of v16.00, you can now hide/show and even delete text based on your search criteria. The following power tip will guide you through... Read Only Status Indicator Have you ever opened a file, tried incessantly to modify it, then realized it was read only? As of v16.00, UltraEdit includes an enhanced read only status indicator. For read only files, the file tab will display a lock icon. Additionally, you can... Regular Expression Builder Regular Expressions are essentially patterns, rather than literal strings, that are used to compare/match text in Find/Replace operations. As an example, the * character in a Perl regular expression matches the preceding character or expression zero or.. XML Manager: In-line editing of XML files The XML Manager allows you to navigate through complex XML data. But, what happens when you want to make a quick edit to your XML tags/data.... UltraEdit v16.00 extends the XML Manager with inline editing, giving you a faster and more elegant method... UltraEdit v16.00 Scripting Enhancements One of UltraEdit's trademark features is the ability to automate tasks through scripting. V16.00 extends the power of scripting further with includes, active document index, and more! Parse Source Code with the Function List The function list displays all the functions in the active file/project. Double clicking on a function name in the list repositions the file to the desired function. Also, as you navigate through a file, the function selected in the list changes to indica Brace Matching Brace matching is an often-used feature; it is indispensable for navigating through your code. Brace matching simply allows you to position your cursor next to an open (or close) brace and highlight the corresponding brace. Code Folding Code folding is indispensable for managing complex/nested code structures. Code folding allows you to collapse (hide) a section of code. The collapsible sections are based on the structure of the file/language Shared FTP accounts Do you use multiple IDM products - UltraEdit, UEStudio, or UltraCompare? Ever get sick of managing your FTP account information in each application? Now you can stop worrying about porting your FTP account settings! Simply configure it once and share you Auto-load macro with project Many UltraEdit/UEStudio users rely heavily on projects - and why not, projects are extremely helpful in managing related files and folder. Projects not only allow you to group/manage your files and folders, but projects also contain other items that... UEStudio 使用技巧 Using the classviewer A tour of UEStudio's classviewer which provides a parsed graphical representation of your project CVS/SVN Auto-Detect UEStudio can automatically detect and import your CVS/SVN account settings when you import a folder already under version control. IntelliTips UEStudio offers language intelligence in an exciting feature we call IntelliTips (like Intellisense). Imagine a function parameter list tooltip coupled with an intelligent auto complete tooltip for code elements of the current file Quickstart guide: Using UEStudio to develop Java applications A guide for using UEStudio to edit and develop Java applications Create a local PHP MySQL development environment How to set up a development environment for PHP/MySQL on your local machine. A development environment allows you to test your code as you develop your web application before publishing it to the web. Quickstart Guide: Using UEStudio with Borland C/C++ Compiler C/C++ developers can use UEStudio to set up and configure projects with the Borland C/C++ compiler Creating your first application Create, build, and run an application from within UEStudio Configuring VCS with UEStudio A guide for configuring version control support (VCS) in UEStudio 11 and later Configuring VCS with UEStudio (in v10.30 and earlier) A guide for configuring version control support (VCS) in UEStudio CVS Diff How to use the built-in CVS Diff commands with UEStudio and UltraCompare Add a file to version control system A trademark feature of UEStudio is it's powerful Version Control System. As you continue in your development, it is likely you will need to add files to the version control repository Compare files/folders A guide for comparing files or folders from UEStudio using the integrated diff tool Quickstart guide: Using the integrated debugger A guide for setting up integrated WinDbg debugging in UEStudio Quickstart guide: Using the integrated PHP debugger A guide for setting up the integrated PHP debugger in UEStudio Using the SSH/telnet console A guide for setting up SSH/telnet in UEStudio Keymapping and custom hotkeys A guide for customizing 键映射, menus and menu hotkeys in UEStudio Configuring SVN and CVS Accounts A cornerstone feature of UEStudio is the version control support. UEStudio supports CVS and SVN as well as multiple connection protocols. Before you can use version control, you must create an account. UEStudio has an auto-detect CVS/SVN feature, but... Group Files and Folders with Projects How to group your files and folders using Projects UltraEdit for Linux 使用技巧 FTP through Nautilus Did you know that you can access remote FTP files in UltraEdit for Linux with a variety of server connection protocols? Using Nautilus, the default file manager for the popular GNOME desktop, you can access files via FTP, SFTP, Windows shares, or even... Primary Select Using Linux's primary select feature in UltraEdit for Linux Custom terminal Set up a user tool to interact with the command line and specify a custom terminal for output Custom file browser UltraEdit for Linux allows you to right-click any file or folder in your Project (from the File View) and browse it on the file system. But did you know that you can configure which file browser is launched from UltraEdit? Scripting tutorial An introduction to the integrated scripting feature in UltraEdit for Linux Writing a macro Steps to record and edit powerful macros to quickly and efficiently edit files Vertical and horizontal split window editing This is a convenient feature when you're manually comparing files, when you want to copy/paste between multiple files, or when you simply want to divide up your edit space. Find and Replace A guide to the powerful features and options available under the "Search" menu. Find in Selected Text Find and Replace is a cornerstone feature for UltraEdit, so it is of course integral to UltraEdit for Linux. The Linux version offers the same features as in the Windows version, as well as additional features. One specific feature that was improved... Using bookmarks Provides a way for you to mark and quickly access lines of interest in your files via bookmarks. To add a bookmark, make sure the cursor is positioned on the line you'd like to bookmark. Press CTRL + F2.... Adding a wordfile Add a language definition to your wordfile for use with UltraEdit's powerful syntax highlighting Projects In UltraEdit for Linux, projects are a convenient, time-saving, feature that allow you to group and manage associated files. Additionally, Projects are integrated throughout the framework of UltraEdit making it easier to perform other actions on your... Search Favorites UltraEdit for Linux includes a Search and Replace Favorites feature that allows you to manage frequently used Find and Replace strings. Create, name, and edit your Search and Replace Favorites... Column mode How to use column and block selection mode in UltraEdit for Linux Templates How to create text editing templates in UltraEdit for Linux Keyboard shortcuts A quick reference guide to UltraEdit's (Linux) default keyboard shortcuts How to use the UltraEdit for Linux tar package This guide shows you how to download and use the tar.gz package of UltraEdit UltraEdit for Linux v1.20: Scripting enhancements One of UEx's trademark features is the ability to automate tasks through scripting; v1.2 extends the power of scripting further with includes. UltraEdit for Linux Command Line Support UltraEdit for Linux has many convenient command line options and flags for calling UEx from a console/terminal as part of a script, or simply for convenience. Advanced file sorting Sort files in UEx with a powerful array of options and settings, including optional sort keys UltraCompare 使用技巧 Compare text snippets A tutorial showing you how to compare text snippets without having to save your snippets into a file. Diff your snippets, merge your changes, save the result as a separate file, then clear out the snippets (and their temp files...) Increase your virtual memory Large file comparisons may require your system to use virtual memory. This tutorial shows you how to configure Windows to increase the amount of virtual memory on your system. Compare large files UltraCompare is a very robust file comparison tool which includes support for comparing large files even several GB large. This power tip shows you how to optimize UltraCompare for maximum performance when working with large files. Compare .zip, .rar., and .jar Archives Got Archives? UltraCompare's archive compare feature allows you to compare the contents of .zip files, .rar files, Java .jar files, and even password-protected .zip files. Use the archive compare and examine differences between archives or folders on th Version Control Comparison UltraCompare v6.40 includes major improvements to the command line support that allow greater flexibility when integrating with other applications. If you're using version control in a team development environment, then UltraCompare v6.40 is exactly... Visually inspect HTML code How to use UltraCompare Professional's integrated browser view to visually compare and inspect HTML code Compare directories using FTP/SFTP Configure FTP/SFTP accounts in UltraCompare Professional to backup or sync FTP directories and compare local and remote folders. Block and line mode merge Merge differences and save them between 2 or 3 files at the click of a button Sync files and folders with the Folder Synchronization feature Folder Synchronization is a powerful feature in UltraCompare which allows you to sync files between local, remote, network, and even FTP folders. Recursive compare Use recursive compare to evaluate subdirectories' content for differences Find and eliminate duplicate files Unnecessary and unwanted duplicate files can eat up valuable system disk space. This power tip will show you how to quickly and safely eliminate unwanted duplicate files from your system with the powerful Find Duplicates feature in UltraCompare Compare Word documents Compare multiple Microsoft Word documents - Identify and merge differences between Word documents. Command line tips Tips for running UltraCompare from a DOS command prompt Command line quick difference check Run a quick difference check between two files to quickly see if they're the same or different Ignore options Setting ignore options for file/folder comparisons in UltraCompare Ignore/compare column range Set parameters to ignore or compare up to 4 unique columns of data. Filtering files in folder mode Filtering files in UltraCompare while in folder mode Customizing the time/date format for folder comparison Many UltraCompare users in different regions of the world have different standard formats for dates and timestamps. UltraCompare provides the ability to customize the date and timestamp for your folder comparisons Editing files in UltraCompare How to use the integrated text editing capabilites within UltraCompare UltraCompare shell integration Tips for integrating UltraCompare into the right-click context menu in Windows Explorer Export/save text compare output How to export and save diff output from UltraCompare Web Compare If you work with web files, you are probably accustomed to downloading the file via FTP or viewing the source, saving the text, then doing a compare. We're sure you'll agree, this process is clunky and mechanical.... Manually Sync Your Compare Manually sync your compare lines UltraCompare Sessions If you're anything like us, you always have multiple applications running at once. Spawning multiple instances of any application makes it harder to work. So... UC gives you sessions to manage your compare operations! Customizing colors Tutorial on how to change the colors for folder/file compare in UltraCompare Reload previously active sessions When you're doing complex file and folder compare operations, it doesn't take long to open quite a few tabs. What happens when you close UC to move on to another task or to go home for the day- lose the session? Not with Reload active sessions... Session Manager If you've compared the same set of files/folders more than once... You need sessions. Sessions allow you to save compare options for a common set of files or folders which you can quickly recall anytime you open UltraCompare. Not only can you save... Workspace Manager The Workspace Manager is all about convenience, so the Explorer view allows you to drag/drop files and folders for quick and easy compare operations. Simply select the folder (or file) in the Explorer view and drag it to the compare frame. Bookmark Favorite Files/Folders in UltraCompare How to use Favorite in UltraCompare to bookmark your commonly used files/folders. FTP in Workspace Manager You can access your accounts through the Explorer tab of the Workspace Manager in UltraCompare Share FTP Accounts with UltraEdit/UEStudio Set up UltraEdit/UEStudio to share FTP accounts with UltraCompare FTP Folder Compare with CRC Have you wanted to do a quick folder compare - between a local directory and remote directory - without downloading the files first? No problem... As of v7.20, UltraCompare now supports an FTP CRC compare method. With the CRC compare feature... Mark and hide files and folders in folder compare Have you ever wanted to hide files/folders that aren't relevant for your immediate compare needs? We have... While UltraCompare offers many compare filters and ignore options, sometimes you just need more control... UltraSentry 使用技巧 Web browser cleanup Use UltraSentry to securely clean up history and temporary files associated with web browsers Application Cleaning Support Clean the sensitive data left behind after running your applications Delete browser cookies Protect your privacy and your security by securely deleting malicious or private cookies Download directory cleanup Securely delete your download history with UltraSentry Optimize your browser Using UltraSentry to improve speed, performance, and security of your browser Explorer/Microsoft office Integration Tips for integrating UltraSentry into the right-click context menu in Windows Explorer or MS Office Stealth mode Tutorial for running UltraSentry in the background or system tray Scheduling a task Tutorial for scheduling UltraSentry to automatically execute a specific cleaning task Run UltraSentry as a system service How to Schedule your profiles/cleaning operations and be sure that UltraSentry is running them whether you are logged in or not Using the Wizard UltraSentry's wizard makes secure/privacy cleaning operations quick and easy. This power tip shows you how to use the wizard. Total System Scrub Information on how to use UltraSentry's "Full System Scrub" profile to protect your privacy and secure your sensitive data Custom profiles This power tip describes how to set up your own custom profile so that you can securely clean only areas of the system that you wish to clean Securely delete email How to securely delete email on your system using UltraSentry Advanced features This power tip describes some of the advanced features and functionality of UltraSentry
ICS - Internet Component Suite - V8 - Delphi 7 to RAD Studio 10 Seattle ======================================================================= (Aka FPIETTE's Components) Revised: March 3, 2016 http://www.overbyte.be/ http://wiki.overbyte.be/ Table of content: ----------------- - Legal issues - Donate - Register - Contributions - Latest Versions - Version Control repository - Installation - Available VCL Components - Sample applications - About SSL - Support - Release notes - Midware - Known problems - Special thanks Legal issues: ------------- Copyright (C) 1997-2016 by Fran鏾is PIETTE Rue de Grady 24, 4053 Embourg, Belgium SSL implementation includes code written by Arno Garrels, Berlin, Germany, contact: ICS is freeware. This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the author be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software. Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required. 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. 4. You must register this software by sending a picture postcard to the author. Use a nice stamp and mention your name, street address, EMail address and any comment you like to say. 5. As this code make use of OpenSSL, your rights are restricted by OpenSSL license as soon as you use any SSL feature. See http://www.openssl.org for details. Donate ------ ICS is freeware. You can use it without paying anything except the registration postcard (see "register" below). But of course donations are welcome. You can send cash (Euro currency or US Dollars) in an envelop to my street address or buy a gift certificate at Amazon in the UK. I will then use it to buy books. Here is the direct URL at Amazon UK (nearest to my home, please don't use another): http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/gc-email-order1/ref=g_gc_email/202-6198323-6681414 For more generous amount, contact me by email. Register -------- ICS is freeware. If you use the components, you must register by sending a picture postcard showing the area you live in and some beautiful stamps for my kids who are stamp collectors. Do not use an envelop, I collect USED postcards sent to me. Write on the postcard that it is your ICS registration. Address your card to: Francois PIETTE, rue de Grady 24, 4053 Embourg, Belgium. Don't forget to mention your name, street address, EMail and web site. Contributions: -------------- ICS has been designed by Fran鏾is PIETTE but many other peoples are working on the components and sample programs. The history of changes in each source file list all developers having contributed (When no name is given, the change is by F. Piette). I can't list all contributors here but I want to specially thanks two specially active contributors: - Arno Garrels - Angus Robertson Latest versions: --------------- The latest versions of ICS can be downloaded from the ICS Wiki web site: http://wiki.overbyte.be/wiki/index.php/ICS_Download ICS V5 and V6 are archive releases no longer updated, last supported release was 2007. ICS V7 is a stable release that may still be updated for major bugs, but not for new releases of Delphi, latest it supported was XE3. ICS V8 is the current development release which is held in a public Version Control repository that is zipped each night for easy download. The download page above also includes the OpenSSL binaries needed to support SSL. ICS V8 supports Delphi 64-bit and Mac OS-X projects. Note that latest C++ Builder version supported is XE3 (lack of spare time, sorry). ICS V9 is in early development and is planned to support Android. There are no current plans for ICS for iOS. Version Control repository: --------------------------- svn://svn.overbyte.be/ics or http://svn.overbyte.be:8443/svn/ics (Usercode = ics, password = ics) Installation: ------------- ICS V8 has been designed for Embarcadero Delphi 2009 and up, and C++ Builder 2009 and up, but is fully compatible with Borland Delphi 7 and CodeGear 2006 and 2007. Embarcadero RAD Studio includes Delphi and C++ Builder. http://www.embarcadero.com/ With Delphi XE2 and later, VCL 64-bit Windows targets are supported for Delphi only. Currently FireMonkey is partly supported for Delphi only (there are still a few non-ported components). ICS for Mac OSX is currently experimental. The zip file has sub-directories in it. You must use the WinZip "Use folder names" option to restore this directory tree or you will have problems because the files would not be in their proper subdirectories. Please note most of these directories are differently named to ICS V7 and earlier, to ease support of multiple versions of Delphi and platforms, and to ease location of similar sample projects. Please don't install V8 over an existing V7 installation, it will be a mess of old and new. This is the new V8 sub-directory layout: .\ Info directory .\Install Component packages project groups for all versions .\Packages (was Delphi\Vc32) Delphi (7 and up) and C++Builder (2006 and up) packages projects .\Source (was Delphi\Vc32) ICS Delphi source code built into packages .\Source\Include (was Delphi\Vc32) .inc files (including OverbyteIcsDefs.inc) .\Source\Extras (was Delphi\Vc32) Extra source code not built into packages .\Source\zobj125 (was Delphi\Vc32) ZLIB C OBJ include files .\Lib Unit output directories for all package builds, subdirectories | for 2007+ will be created on building the packages \$(Config) Release / Debug | \$(Platform) Win32 / Win64 / OSX32 | \ D7..XE8, 10 Seattle includes .dcu and .dfm files for Delphi and .obj and .hpp files for C++ Builder .\Samples Delphi Win32/Win64 common source for all demos .\Samples\delphi\BroswerDemo Delphi Win32/Win64 Web Browser sample application (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\BroswerDemo\Resources Resource file, web pages and movie linked into browser demo .\Samples\delphi\FtpDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 FTP sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\MailNewsDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 SMTP, POP3, NNTP sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\MiscDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 Miscellaneous applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\OtherDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 DNS, Ping, SNMP, Syslog sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\PlatformDemos Delphi FireMonkey and cross-platform samples (Delphi XE2+) .\Samples\delphi\SocketDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 Socket sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\sslinternet Delphi Win32/Win64 SSL-enabled sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\WebDemos Delphi Win32/Win64 HTTP sample applications (all Delphi versions) .\Samples\delphi\WebDemos\WebAppServerData Directory for WebAppServ demo data files .\Samples\delphi\WebDemos\WebServData Directory for WebServ demo data files .\Samples\cpp\internet C++Builder sample applications .\Samples\cpp\internet\cb2006 C++Builder 2006 projects .\Samples\cpp\internet\cb2007 C++Builder 2007 projects .\Samples\cpp\internet\cb2009 C++Builder 2009 projects .\Samples\cpp\internet\cb2010 C++Builder 2010 projects .\Samples\cpp\internet\cbXE C++Builder XE projects .\Samples\cpp\internet\cbXE2 C++Builder XE2 projects UPGRADING and REINSTALLING Uninstall an existing ICS package (Menu | Component | Install Packages, select the component package and click Remove). Rename the old ICS directory and unzip to a new or empty directory, remove the old path from the library path and add either the new .\Source directory to the library path under Tools | Options |... or the appropriate .\Lib subdirectory according to version, ie .\Lib\Debug\Win32\D2007 for Delphi 2007. The latter has the advantage that the ICS source code won't be recompiled whenever your project is build. Also under Tools | Options |... add the new .\Source directory to the Browsing path. All DELPHI and C++ BUILDER VERSIONS/WIN32 Always upgrade your compiler with the latest update available from Embarcadero. Always update your system with http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com SSL or not SSL? By default the SSL code is compiled into the run-time package and additional SSL- enabled components are installed. In order to not compile the SSL code into the run-time package and to not install the SSL-Enabled components you need to remove the conditional define USE_SSL from both the run-time and design-time package. However if you do not build your applications with run-time packages it is recommended to build the packages with default settings. The SSL code will the be compiled into your applications depending on whether the conditional define USE_SSL is set in the project options or not (this requires having the .\Source directory in either in the library path or in projects Search path). Actual use of SSL in your applications also requires the OpenSSL files LIBEAY32.DLL and SSLEAY32.DLL being available somewhere in the path. Note different DLLs are needed for Win32 and Win64 applications. The ICS distribution includes the latest Win32 OpenSSL files in the .\OpenSSL-Win32 directory and the two main DLLs duplicated in .\Samples\delphi\sslinternet. Other OpenSSL files, including older and Win64, may be downloaded from: http://wiki.overbyte.be/wiki/index.php/ICS_Download INSTALLATION USING THE INSTALL PROJECT GROUPS For each Delphi and C++ Builder version one project group is provided in directory .\Install: Delphi 7 : D7Install.bpg Delphi 2006 : D2006Install.bdsgroup Delphi 2007 : D2007Install.groupproj Delphi 2009 : D2009Install.groupproj Delphi 2010 : D2010Install.groupproj Delphi XE : DXeInstall.groupproj Delphi XE2 : DXe2Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE2 : DXe2InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE3 : DXe3Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE3 : DXe3InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE4 : DXe4Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE4 : DXe4InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE5 : DXe5Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE5 : DXe5InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE6 : DXe6Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE6 : DXe6InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE7 : DXe7Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE7 : DXe7InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi XE8 : DXe8Install.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi XE8 : DXe8InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components Delphi 10 Seattle : D10SInstall.groupproj // VCL only, no FireMonkey components Delphi 10 Seattle : D10SInstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components C++ Builder 2006 : CB2006Install.bdsgroup C++ Builder 2007 : CB2007Install.groupproj C++ Builder 2009 : CB2009Install.groupproj C++ Builder 2010 : CB2010Install.groupproj C++ Builder XE : CBXeInstall.groupproj C++ Builder XE2 : CBXe2Install.groupproj // VCL only no FireMonkey components C++ Builder XE2 : CBXe2InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components C++ Builder XE3 : CBXe3InstallVclFmx.groupproj // Both VCL and FireMonkey components 1 - Do a File/Open Project, navigate to the Install directory, select the correct file and open it. The project manager view should now display two package projects, one run-time and one design-time package. The run-time package name contains the "Run" suffix. The design-time package name contains the "Design" suffix. 2 - Select and Build the run-time package (do not install). 3 - Select and Install the design-time package. After a few seconds, you should have a dialog box telling you the package has been installed with a bunch of new components registered in the Tool Palette under "Overbyte ICS" and "Overbyte ICS SSL". Then do a "Save All" and a "Close All". 4 - One package is installed, called 'Overbyte ICS Design-Time Package for Delphi xxx'. 5 - Various directories under .\Samples\delphi\ include samples that illustrate use of all the ICS components, see later. FIREMONKEY CROSS PLATFORM PACKAGES: 1 - For XE2 and later, DXe?Install (where ? is the version) installs VCL components only, while DXe?InstallVclFmx also installs FireMonkey cross platform components (three run time packages). In order to use this feature first uninstall the old design-time package. 2 = Build all three run-time packages for all available platforms (32-bit and 64-bit Windows and Mac OS X) in the order they are listed in project manager. 3 - Next build and install the three design-time packages in the order they are listed in project manager. 4 - Three packages are installed, called: 'Overbyte ICS Common Design-Time Package for Delphi xxx' 'Overbyte ICS FMX Design-Time Package for Delphi xxx' 'Overbyte ICS VCL Design-Time Package for Delphi xxx' Note that the new packaging is still beta/alpha, both package names and included units might change in a future beta drop. The old VCL packages are still there however they do no longer support FireMonkey and of course only one set of packages can be installed in the IDE at the same time, if you want both VCL and FMX install DXe2InstallVclFmx.groupproj only. Currently the XE2 package cache is buggy and should be disabled by adding the -nocache parameter. 5 - The .\Samples\delphi\PlatformDemos\ folder contains FireMonkey sample projects that may all be built with FireMonkey for Mac OS X (and Windows). ALTERNATE INSTALLATION USING THE PACKAGE PROJECT FILES: For each Delphi and C++ Builder version two package project files exist in the .\Packages directory. One run-time and one design-time package project file. The run-time file name contains the "Run" suffix. The design-time file name contains the "Design" suffix. PACKAGE PROJECT FILE NAMES - VCL: Delphi 7 : OverbyteIcsD7Run.dpk, OverbyteIcsD7Design.dpk Delphi 2006 : OverbyteIcsD2006Run.bdsproj, OverbyteIcsD2006Design.bdsproj Delphi 2007 : OverbyteIcsD2007Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsD2007Design.dproj Delphi 2009 : OverbyteIcsD2009Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsD2009Design.dproj Delphi 2010 : OverbyteIcsD2010Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsD2010Design.dproj Delphi XE : OverbyteIcsDXeRun.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXeDesign.dproj Delphi XE2 : OverbyteIcsDXe2Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe2Design.dproj Delphi XE3 : OverbyteIcsDXe3Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe3Design.dproj Delphi XE4 : OverbyteIcsDXe4Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe4Design.dproj Delphi XE5 : OverbyteIcsDXe5Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe5Design.dproj Delphi XE6 : OverbyteIcsDXe6Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe6Design.dproj Delphi XE7 : OverbyteIcsDXe7Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe7Design.dproj Delphi XE8 : OverbyteIcsDXe8Run.dproj, OverbyteIcsDXe8Design.dproj Delphi 10 Seattle : OverbyteIcsD10SRun.dproj, OverbyteIcsD10SDesign.dproj C++ Builder 2006 : OverbyteIcsCB2006Run.bdsproj, OverbyteIcsCB2006Design.bdsproj C++ Builder 2007 : OverbyteIcsCB2007Run.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCB2007Design.cbproj C++ Builder 2009 : OverbyteIcsCB2009Run.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCB2009Design.cbproj C++ Builder 2010 : OverbyteIcsCB2010Run.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCB2010Design.cbproj C++ Builder XE : OverbyteIcsCBXeRun.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCBXeDesign.cbproj C++ Builder XE2 : OverbyteIcsCBXe2Run.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCBXe2Design.cbproj C++ Builder XE3 : OverbyteIcsCBXe3Run.cbproj, OverbyteIcsCBXe3Design.cbproj PACKAGE PROJECT FILE NAMES - FireMonkey and VCL: Delphi XE2 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe2Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe2Design.dproj Delphi XE2 VCL : IcsVclDXe2Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe2Design.dproj Delphi XE2 FMX : IcsFmxDXe2Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe2Design.dproj Delphi XE3 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe3Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe3Design.dproj Delphi XE3 VCL : IcsVclDXe3Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe3Design.dproj Delphi XE3 FMX : IcsFmxDXe3Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe3Design.dproj Delphi XE4 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe4Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe4Design.dproj Delphi XE4 VCL : IcsVclDXe4Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe4Design.dproj Delphi XE4 FMX : IcsFmxDXe4Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe4Design.dproj Delphi XE5 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe5Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe5Design.dproj Delphi XE5 VCL : IcsVclDXe5Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe5Design.dproj Delphi XE5 FMX : IcsFmxDXe5Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe5Design.dproj Delphi XE6 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe6Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe6Design.dproj Delphi XE6 VCL : IcsVclDXe6Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe6Design.dproj Delphi XE6 FMX : IcsFmxDXe6Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe6Design.dproj Delphi XE7 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe7Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe7Design.dproj Delphi XE7 VCL : IcsVclDXe7Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe7Design.dproj Delphi XE7 FMX : IcsFmxDXe7Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe7Design.dproj Delphi XE8 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonDXe8Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe8Design.dproj Delphi XE8 VCL : IcsVclDXe8Run.dproj, IcsVclDXe8Design.dproj Delphi XE8 FMX : IcsFmxDXe8Run.dproj, IcsFmxDXe8Design.dproj Delphi 10 Seattle FMX/VCL: IcsCommonD10SRun.dproj, IcsCommonD10SDesign.dproj Delphi 10 Seattle VCL : IcsVclD10SRun.dproj, IcsVclD10SDesign.dproj Delphi 10 Seattle FMX : IcsFmxD10SRun.dproj, IcsFmxD10SDesign.dproj C++ Builder XE2 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonCBXe2Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe2Design.dproj C++ Builder XE2 VCL : IcsVclCBXe2Run.dproj, IcsVclCBXe2Design.dproj C++ Builder XE2 FMX : IcsFmxCBXe2Run.dproj, IcsFmxCBXe2Design.dproj C++ Builder XE3 FMX/VCL : IcsCommonCBXe3Run.dproj, IcsCommonDXe3Design.dproj C++ Builder XE3 VCL : IcsVclCBXe3Run.dproj, IcsVclCBXe3Design.dproj C++ Builder XE3 FMX : IcsFmxCBXe3Run.dproj, IcsFmxCBXe3Design.dproj 1 - Open and Build the run-time package project (do not install!). 2 - Open and Install the design-time package project. (Do a File/Open Project, browse to the .\Packages directory. Select the correct file and open it. Then in the project manager view, right-click on the package, then click on either the Build or Install button.) 3 - For Delphi XE2 and later, a 64-bit run-time package can be built by changing the package target platform to 64-bit Windows. This has the same name as the 32-bit package, so a different package output directory needs to be specified in Tools / Options / Delphi Options for 64-bit Windows. After a few seconds, you should have a dialog box telling you the package has been installed with a bunch of new components registered in the Tool Palette under "Overbyte ICS" and "Overbyte ICS SSL". Then do a "Save All" and a "Close All". DELPHI 2006/WIN32, 2007/WIN32, 2009/WIN32, 2010/WIN32, XE/WIN32: Having installed the package, verify that the appropriate Win32 Library Path (Tools / Options / Delphi Options / Library - Win32 / Library Path) has been added, .\Lib subdirectory according to version, ie .\Lib\Debug\Win32\D2007 for Delphi 2007. If not, add it manually. It is not mandatory to add .\Lib to the global Delphi path, but it will be much easier for you because otherwise you'll have to add it to each project. DELPHI XE2/WIN32, XE3/WIN32, XE4/WIN32, XE5/WIN32, XE6/WIN32, XE7/WIN32, XE8/WIN32, 10 Seattle/WIN32, XE2/WIN64, XE3/WIN64, XE4/WIN64, XE5/WIN64, XE6/WIN64, XE7/WIN64, XE8/WIN64, 10 Seattle/WIN64: Similar to above, but the Library path is specified separately for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows Platforms. DELPHI 7: Add VC32 directory path to your library path (Tools menu / Environment Options / Library / Library Path. Add .\Lib\Debug\Win32\D7 path at the end of the existing path). SAMPLE DELPHI PROJECTS Once the package is installed, you may open the sample projects. The samples are split into several directories according to protocols, most with a project group that can be opened in all versions of Delphi. .\Samples\delphi\BroswerDemo .\Samples\delphi\FtpDemos\FtpDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\MailNewsDemos\MailNewsDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\MiscDemos\MiscDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\OtherDemos\OtherDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\PlatformDemos\XSamples.groupproj .\Samples\delphi\SocketDemos\SocketDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\sslinternet\SslDemos.bpg .\Samples\delphi\WebDemos\WebDemos.bpg Full details of the sample projects are shown later in this document. You might get some dialog box telling you that resource files are missing (they may not have been included in the zip file to save space) and are recreated by Delphi. It is OK. Any other error message is a problem you should fix. After all resource files have been recreated, you should see in the project manager a group of projects. To compile all samples in the group at once, do Project / Build all projects. This may take a few minutes. Note 1: Delphi may run out of memory if you ask to compile all projects at once. If you have not enough RAM, then compile each project individually. Note 2: Delphi has warnings which triggers a lot of messages for 100% OK code. You can turn those warnings off in the project/ options / Compiler messages and deselecting: "Deprecated symbol", "Platform symbol", "unsafe type", "unsafe code", "unsafe typecast". Those are intended for .NET and Linux portability. You can safely ignore them if you run windows. For you facility, I included a utility SetProjectOptions (source code, you must compile it) in the internet directory. This utility will update project options to disable the warnings. Once the components are all installed, you may open the sample projects each one after the other and compile them. For each project, do file/open and select the dpr file in the internet directory. Then Project/Build All. C++ BUILDER 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, XE, XE2, XE3: Follow the installation procedure described for Delphi 2006. Just change the project group and package name: use CB2006, CBXe, etc, see above. You can't have Delphi 2006 and CBuilder 2006 packages installed at the same time in the IDE. So when switching from one to the other, be sure to remove the one you don't need. Building the FireMonkey CBXE2InstallVclFmx C++ packages for OSX may trigger an ILINK32 error, this is a bug in C++ Builder reported as QC #103668 the Win32 packages should build without errors. Once the components are all installed, you may open the sample projects each one after the other and compile them. For each project, do file/open and select the dpr file in the internet directory. Then Project/Build All. Projects are located in SAMPLES\CPP\INTERNET\CB2006\ (or CB2006, CBXE, etc) with a project group in each directory, OverbyteIcsCB2006Sam.bdsgroup, OverbyteIcsCBXe2Sam.groupproj, etc. It is likely that for each project, C++ Builder complains about a missing .res file. This is not a problem, C++ Builder will recreate it as needed. They have not been included to save space in the zip file. Once the components are all installed, you may open the sample projects each one after the other and compile them. For each project, do file/open and select the dpr file in the internet directory. Then Project/Build All. NOTES: - You may have an error message, using Delphi or C++ Builder complaining about Font.Charset, OldCreateOrder and other properties. Those are new properties in newer Delphi or C++ Builder versions, newer than the version you use. You can safely ignore those errors because those properties are not used by the components nor sample programs. You may encounter this error at run time. To avoid it, you must open each form at design time and ignore the error. Then recompile. If you don't ignore the error at design time, you'll have it at runtime ! - If you have Delphi or C++ Builder complaining about a file not found, add .\source directory to your library path. - If you are using C++ Builder you may encounter an error at link time such as "Unable to open file MWBCB30.LIB" (or other libs). This is a bug in C++ Builder. To solve it, you can edit project option file (right click in project manager) and remove any reference to the missing libraries. - Don't forget that the C++Builder components are located in .\delphi\vc32 which is object pascal source code (not a problem for C++Builder, just indicate that the *.pas files are displayed when installing). C++Builder will create the *.hpp files. There are some on-line help files in the VC32 directory. Available VCL Components ------------------------ - The following is a list of the files that should be installed in order to properly add all of the available components in this collection: > OverbyteIcsCharsetComboBox.pas Provides easy MIME charset selection > OverbyteIcsDnsQuery DNS lookup component - useful for getting MX records > OverbyteIcsDprUpdFix.pas IDE plugin for Delphi 2009 and 2010 to update old projects > OverbyteIcsEmulVT.pas ANSI terminal emulation in a control > OverbyteIcsFingCli.pas FINGER client protocol - Find information about user > OverbyteIcsFtpCli.pas FTP client protocol - file transfer > OverbyteIcsFtpSrv.pas FTP server protocol - file transfer > OverbyteIcsFtpSrvT.pas FTP server protocol - helpers > OverbyteIcsHttpAppServer.pas HTTP server protocol - used to build advanced web servers > OverbyteIcsHttpProt.pas HTTP client protocol - used by the web > OverbyteIcsHttpSrv.pas HTTP server protocol - used to build web servers > OverbyteIcsLogger.pas A component to log information > OverbyteIcsMimeDec.pas MIME component - decode file attach, use with POP3 > OverbyteIcsMultiProgressBar.pas A segmented progress bar > OverbyteIcsMultipartFtpDownloader.pas FTP client protocol - download one file using simultaneous connections to speedup download > OverbyteIcsMultipartHttpDownloader.pas HTTP client protocol - download one file using simultaneous connections to speedup download > OverbyteIcsNntpCli.pas NNTP client protocol - send and receive newsgroups messages > OverbyteIcsPing.pas ICMP echo protocol - ping a host > OverbyteIcsPop3Prot.pas POP3 client protocol - get mail from mail server > OverbyteIcsReg.pas Register design components > OverbyteIcsSmtpProt.pas SMTP client protocol - send mail to server > OverbyteIcsSmtpSrv.pas SMTP server protocol - receive mail from client > OverbyteIcsSnmpCli.pas SNMP client protocol - network management > OverbyteIcsSnmpMsgs.pas SNMP client protocol - message helper > OverbyteIcsSysLogClient.pas Syslog Client Protocol - receive syslog messages > OverbyteIcsSysLogDefs.pas Syslog Protocol - helpers > OverbyteIcsSysLogServer.pas Syslog Server Protocol - send syslog messages > OverbyteIcsTnCnx.pas TELNET client protocol - terminal emulation protocol > OverbyteIcsTnEmulVT.pas TELNET and ANSI terminal emulation combined > OverbyteIcsTnOptFrm.pas TELNET Client configuration form > OverbyteIcsTnScript.pas TELNET client protocol - with automation > OverbyteIcsWSocket.pas Winsock component - TCP, UDP, DNS,... > OverbyteIcsWSocketE.pas Register procedure and property editor for TWSocket > OverbyteIcsWSocketS.pas Winsock component for building servers > OverbyteIcsWSocketTS.pas Winsock component for building multithreaded servers - The following list support and utilities units: > OverbyteIcsAsn1Utils.pas ASN1 utilities (for TSnmpClient component) > OverbyteIcsAvlTrees.pas Implements a fast cache-like data storage > OverbyteIcsCharsetUtils.pas MIME-charset functions > OverbyteIcsCookies.pas Client Cookie Handling > OverbyteIcsCRC.pas 32 bit CRC computation > OverbyteIcsCsc.pas character set routines > OverbyteIcsDES.pas Implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) > OverbyteIcsDigestAuth.pas HTTP Digest Access Authentication > OverbyteIcsFormDataDecoder.pas Decode a MIME data block as generated by a HTML form > OverbyteIcsHttpCCodZLib.pas Supports GZIP coding for HttpContCod > OverbyteIcsHttpContCod.pas HTTP Content Coding support, uses extra units > OverbyteIcsIcmp.pas ICMP protocol support, used by the PING component > OverbyteIcsIconv.pas Headers for iconv library (LGPL) > OverbyteIcsLIBEAY.pas Delphi encapsulation for LIBEAY32.DLL (OpenSSL) > OverbyteIcsMD4.pas Implementation of the MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm > OverbyteIcsMD5.pas Implementation of the MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm > OverbyteIcsMimeUtil.pas Support routines for MIME standard > OverbyteIcsMLang.pas A few header translations from MS mlang.h > OverbyteIcsNtlmMsgs.pas Client NTLM authentification messages used within HTTP protocol > OverbyteIcsNtlmSsp.pas Server NTLM authentification of user credentials using Windows SSPI > OverbyteIcsOneTimePw.pas One Time Password support functions, used by FTP > OverbyteIcsSHA1.pas Implementation of US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) > OverbyteIcsSocketUtils.pas Cross platform socket utilities for ICS > OverbyteIcsSSLEAY.pas Delphi encapsulation for SSLEAY32.DLL (OpenSSL) > OverbyteIcsSslSessionCache.pas A very fast external SSL-session-cache component > OverbyteIcsSslThrdLock.pas Implementation of OpenSsl thread locking (Windows); > OverbyteIcsSspi.pas A few header translations from MS sspi.h and security.h > OverbyteIcsStreams.pas Fast streams for ICS > OverbyteIcsThreadTimer.pas A custom timer class using custom timer messages from one or more threads > OverbyteIcsTicks64.pas GetTickCount64 support for all versions of Windows > OverbyteIcsTimeList.pas List of items with expiry times, used for WebSessions > OverbyteIcsTypes.pas Common types, mainly for backward compiler compatibility > OverbyteIcsURL.pas Support routines for URL handling > OverbyteIcsUtils.pas Vast number of common utilities, many supporting Unicode for D7/2007 > OverbyteIcsWSockBuf.pas FIFO buffers for TWSocket > OverbyteIcsWebSession.pas Web session support for THttpAppSrv and MidWare > OverbyteIcsWinnls.pas A few header translations for Unicode Normalization in winnls.h > OverbyteIcsWinsock.pas Some Winsock initialisations > OverbyteIcsWndControl.pas A class that encapsulates a windows message queue and a message map > OverbyteIcsZLibDll.pas Zlib support, interface to external zlib.dll functions > OverbyteIcsZlibHigh.pas Zlib support, high level interface for compression and decompression > OverbyteIcsZLibObj.pas Zlib support, interface to zlib linked C OBJ functions FireMonkey Cross Platform Support: ---------------------------------- For Delphi and C++ Builder XE2 and later, FireMonkey Desktop applications are an alternate to VCL Forms applications, supporting cross platforms of Windows 32-bit and 64-bit and Mac OS X (and perhaps other platforms in future). FireMonkey uses different visual components to VCL, while some non-visual components can be used for both VCL and FMX projects, while other components need special versions, such as ICS. Earlier betas of V8 used the conditional define "FMX" which is *no longer required in project options. Instead in your existing ICS FireMonkey app. add either "Ics.Fmx" to the unit scope names in project options or apply the following changes in the uses clause, rename: OverbyteIcsWndControl -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsWndControl OverbyteIcsWSocket -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsWSocket OverbyteIcsFtpCli -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsFtpCli OverbyteIcsFtpSrv -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsFtpSrv OverbyteIcsHttpProt -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsHttpProt OverbyteIcsWSocketS -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsWSocketS OverbyteIcsSmtpProt -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsSmtpProt.pas OverbyteIcsPop3Prot -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsPop3Prot.pas OverbyteIcsNntpCli -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsNntpCli.pas OverbyteIcsPing -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsPing.pas OverbyteIcsDnsQuery -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsDnsQuery.pas OverbyteIcsFingCli -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsFingCli.pas OverbyteIcsSslSessionCache -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsSslSessionCache.pas OverbyteIcsSslThrdLock -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsSslThrdLock.pas OverbyteIcsHttpSrv -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsHttpSrv.pas OverbyteIcsSocketUtils -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsSocketUtils.pas OverbyteIcsMultipartFtpDownloader -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsMultipartFtpDownloader.pas OverbyteIcsMultipartHttpDownloader -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsMultipartHttpDownloader.pas OverbyteIcsHttpAppServer -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsHttpAppServer.pas OverbyteIcsThreadTimer -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsThreadTimer.pas OverbyteIcsCharsetComboBox -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsCharsetComboBox.pas { Demo units } OverbyteIcsWebAppServerCounter -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsWebAppServerCounter OverbyteIcsWebAppServerMailer -> Ics.Fmx.OverbyteIcsWebAppServerMailer The list above is also the list of units that now have different names in the FireMonkey framework however most of them share the same source file. Dropping a ICS component on the form will add the correct unit name for each framework automatically (don't forget to disable the package cache as described above). Unit OverbyteIcsLibrary.pas has been *deprecated* and ICS IPv8 doesn't use it anymore. If you used it in your own code read the comment in OverbyteIcsLibrary.pas, search for "deprecated". Sample applications: -------------------- With V8, the sample applications are now grouped into directories according to general functionality, to make it easier to compare related samples. Many samples are similar. When searching for something, always look at the date the demos where created. The most recent is always the best code! In the lists below, ACTIVE!! indicates applications that are actively maintained to test and support new functionality in the ICS components. These may not be simplest samples, but are usually the first to try when learning about a component. Delphi Win32/Win64 Web Browser sample application ------------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\BroswerDemo > FrameBrowserIcs.dpr Web Browser using HtmlViewer component - ACTIVE!! Note this sample needs HtmlViewer component installed Delphi Win32/Win64 FTP sample applications ------------------------------------------ .\Samples\delphi\FtpDemos\FtpDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsBasFtp.dpr Basic FTP client program > OverbyteIcsConFtp.dpr Basic console mode FTP client > OverbyteIcsFtpAsy.dpr Example of asynchronous FTP client > OverbyteIcsFtpMulti.dpr Demo to do several FTP downloads in parallel to get a list of files > OverbyteIcsFtpMultipartDownload.dpr Demo to FTP download a single large file in several parts in parallel > OverbyteIcsFtpServ.dpr General purpose FTP server, uses TSocketServer - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsFtpThrd.dpr Demo of multithreaded FTP client, see also FTPASY > OverbyteIcsFtpTst.dpr Basic graphical FTP client - ACTIVE!! Delphi Win32/Win64 SMTP, POP3, NNTP sample applications ------------------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\MailNewsDemos\MailNewsDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsBasNntp.dpr Basic NNTP client program > OverbyteIcsConPop3.dpr Basic console mode demo for POP3 (mail receive) > OverbyteIcsConSmtp.dpr Basic console mode demo for SMTP (mail send) > OverbyteIcsMailHtml.dpr Example of HTML formatted EMail sending, including embedded images - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsMailRcv.dpr Internet EMail access using POP3 protocol - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsMailSnd.dpr Example of EMail sending using SMTP, including file attach - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsMailSndAsync.dpr Example of parallel EMail sending with multiple connections > OverbyteIcsMimeDemo.dpr Example of EMail decoding (attached files are extracted) - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsNewsReader.dpr Example of TNntpCli component (Send/receive newsgroups) - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSmtpServer.dpr Internet EMail server using SMTP protocol - ACTIVE!! Delphi Win32/Win64 Miscellaneous applications --------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\MiscDemos\MiscDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsBufStrmTst.dpr Test of buffered stream classes > OverbyteIcsCacheTest.dpr Test of TCacheTree class used in TSslAvlSessionCache > OverbyteIcsMD4Test.dpr Test program for MD4 unit > OverbyteIcsMD5File.dpr Example of MD5 unit: computer MD5 checksum for files > OverbyteIcsMD5Test.dpr Test program for MD5 unit > OverbyteIcsOneTimePassword.dpr One Time Password test routines for OverByteIcsOneTimePw unit > OverbyteIcsSHA1Test.dpr Test program for SHA unit > OverbyteIcsThreadTimerDemo.dpr Demo for TIcsThreadTimer > OverbyteIcsTicks64Demo.dpr GetTickCount64 test routines for OverbyteIcsTicks64 unit > OverbyteIcsTimerDemo.dpr Very simple demo for TIcsTimer > OverByteIcsWndControlTest.dpr Test program for windows and threads Delphi Win32/Win64 DNS, Ping, SNMP, Syslog sample applications -------------------------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\OtherDemos\OtherDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsBatchDnsLookup.dpr Batch async DNS lookup using DnsLookup (IPv6 and IPv4) > OverbyteIcsConPing.dpr Basic console mode demo for ping component > OverbyteIcsDll1.dpr Demo showing how to use a TWSocket component in a DLL > OverbyteIcsDll2.dpr Demo showing how to use a THttpCli component in a DLL > OverbyteIcsDllTst.dpr Test program calling ICSDLL1 and ICSDLL2 > OverbyteIcsDnsLook.dpr Example of name resolution (IPv6 and IPv4) > OverbyteIcsDnsResolver.dpr Batch async DNS lookup event driven using DnsQuery > OverbyteIcsFinger.dpr Example of TFingerCli component > OverbyteIcsNsLookup.dpr Demo for the DnsQuery component > OverbyteIcsPingTst.dpr Demo for the ping component, includes trace route > OverbyteIcsSnmpCliTst.dpr Demo for SNMP (simple network management protocol) component > OverbyteIcsSysLogClientDemo.dpr Demo for SysLog client component > OverbyteIcsSysLogServerDemo.dpr Demo for SysLog server component Delphi FireMonkey cross-platform samples (Delphi XE2 and later) --------------------------------------------------------------- All these samples may be built for Mac OS X (and Windows). .\Samples\delphi\PlatformDemos\XSamples.groupproj > IcsCliDemo.dproj Example of client for SRVDEMO, IPV4 only > IcsTcpSrvIPv6.dproj Basic server without client forms, event-driven, IPv4/IPV6 > IcsConSmtp.dproj Basic console mode demo for SMTP (mail send) > IcsMailSnd.dproj Example of EMail sending using SMTP, including file attach > IcsMailRcv.dproj Internet EMail access using POP3 protocol > IcsHttpsTst.dproj Example of THttpCli component (GET), show many features > IcsWebServ.dproj Demo of HTTP server, uses TSocketServer > IcsWebAppServ.dproj Advanced HTTP server demo, uses WebServ, adds sessions > IcsFtpTst.dproj Basic graphical FTP client > IcsFtpServ.dproj General purpose FTP server, uses TSocketServer > IcsUdpLstn.dproj UDP listen demo > IcsUdpSend.dproj UDP send demo > IcsBatchDnsLookup.dproj Batch async DNS lookup using DnsLookup (IPv6 and IPv4) > IcsDll1.dproj Demo showing how to use a TWSocket component in a DLL > IcsDll2.dproj Demo showing how to use a THttpCli component in a DLL > IcsDllTst.dproj Test program calling ICSDLL1 and ICSDLL2 > IcsThreadTimerDemo.dproj Very simple demo for TIcsTimer Delphi Win32/Win64 Socket sample applications --------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\SocketDemos\SocketDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsBinCliDemo.dpr Client program to receive binary and delimited text data. Works with BinTcpSrv demo. > OverbyteIcsCliDemo.dpr Example of client for SRVDEMO, IPV4 only - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsClient5.dpr Basic client GUI applications > OverbyteIcsClient7.dpr Simple client application demonstrating TWSocket > OverbyteIcsConCli1.dpr Basic client/server console applications > OverbyteIcsConCli2.dpr Basic client/server console applications with thread > OverbyteIcsConSrv1.dpr Basic server application in console mode > OverbyteIcsConUdpLstn.dpr Console application to listen for UDP messages > OverbyteIcsDynCli.dpr Demo of dynamically created TWSocket components > OverbyteIcsMtSrv.dpr Basic server, multi-threaded, see THRDSRV for better code > OverbyteIcsRecv.dpr Simple file receive (server), use with SENDER demo (client) > OverbyteIcsSender.dpr Simple file send (client), use with RECV demo (server) > OverbyteIcsServer5.dpr Basic server GUI applications > OverbyteIcsSocksTst.dpr How to use TWSocket with SOCKS protocol (firewall traversing) > OverbyteIcsSrvDemo.dpr Example of server using a TTable - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSrvTcp.dpr Basic server without client forms, event-driven > OverbyteIcsSvcTcp.dpr Same as SRVTCP but as an NT/2K/XP service > OverbyteIcsTWSChat.dpr Chat program (both client and server in a single program) > OverbyteIcsTcpSrv.dpr Basic server without client forms, event-driven, IPv4 only - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsTcpSrvIPv6.dpr Basic server without client forms, event-driven, IPv4/IPV6 - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsTelnetClient.dpr Telnet client using a TnEmulVT > OverbyteIcsThrdSrv.dpr Basic multithreaded TCP server, banner sent in main thread > OverbyteIcsThrdSrvV2.dpr Basic multithreaded TCP server, banner sent in worker thread > OverbyteIcsThrdSrvV3.dpr Basic TCP server showing how to use TWSocketThrdServer > OverbyteIcsTnDemo.dpr Telnet client using a TMemo > OverbyteIcsTnSrv.dpr Basic TCP server with client forms, event-driven > OverbyteIcsUdpLstn.dpr UDP listen demo > OverbyteIcsUdpSend.dpr UDP send demo Delphi Win32/Win64 SSL-enabled sample applications -------------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\sslinternet\SslDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsHttpsTst.dpr Example of TSslHttpCli component (GET) - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsPemTool.dpr ICS Pem Certificate Tool - Create and import certificates in OpenSLL PEM format > OverbyteIcsSimpleSslCli.dpr Example of simple SSL client using TSslWSocket - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSimpleSslServer.dpr Example of SSL server using TSslWSocket - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslFtpServ.dpr General purpose FTP SSL server, uses TSocketServer - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslFtpTst.dpr Basic graphical FTP SSL client - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslMailRcv.dpr Internet EMail access using POP3 protocol and SSL - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslMailSnd.dpr Example of EMail sending using SMTP and SSL - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslNewsRdr.dpr Example of TSslNntpCli component (Send/receive newsgroups) - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsMsVerify.dpr Verify and show an OpenSSL certificate or certificate chain using class TMsCertChainEngine which uses MS crypto API - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslSniSrv.dpr Test of Server Name Indication (SNI) in server mode - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslWebServ.dpr Demo of HTTPS server, uses TSocketServer - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslWebAppServer.dpr Advanced HTTPS server demo, uses WebServ, adds sessions - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsSslSmtpServer.dpr Internet EMail server using SMTP protocol and SSL - ACTIVE!! Delphi Win32/Win64 HTTP sample applications ------------------------------------------- .\Samples\delphi\WebDemos\WebDemos.bpg - Project group > OverbyteIcsConHttp.dpr Basic console mode HTTP client > OverbyteIcsHttpAsp.dpr Example of THttpCli component with cookie (POST to an ASP page) > OverbyteIcsHttpAsy.dpr Example of THttpCli component with multiple async requests (GET) > OverbyteIcsHttpChk.dpr Example of THttpCli to check for valid URL using HEAD request > OverbyteIcsHttpDmo.dpr Simple HTTP client demo with proxy > OverbyteIcsHttpGet.dpr Example of THttpCli component (GET into a file) > OverbyteIcsHttpMultipartDownload.dpr Demo application for TMultipartHttpDownloader to download files using simultaneous connections > OverbyteIcsHttpPg.dpr Example of THttpCli component (POST to CGI script) > OverbyteIcsHttpPost.dpr Example of THttpCli component (POST), work with WebServ sample - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsHttpThrd.dpr Example of THttpCli component (multi-threaded GET) > OverbyteIcsHttpTst.dpr Example of THttpCli component (GET), show many features - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsIsapi.dll Example of FTP client component within an ISAPI extension > OverbyteIcsWebAppServer.dpr Advanced HTTP server demo, uses WebServ, adds sessions - ACTIVE!! > OverbyteIcsWebServ.dpr Demo of HTTP server, uses TSocketServer - ACTIVE!! Two samples are not in the project group since they need extra components installed > OverbyteIcsRestDemo.drp Demo program showing how to use REST API from Google and Yahoo > OverbyteIcsRestJsonDemo.drp Demo program showing how to use REST API from Google Search and JSON Sample Notes ------------ Note 1: Not all samples have been rewritten in C++ for C++ Builder. And those rewritten are frequently much simpler. So C++ Builder user: have a look at the Delphi sample too ! Note 2: Follow "UserMade" link on ICS web site to find more sample programs written by ICS users. As explained in the component installation, you may encounter an error loading a sample application or running it. This may be because the last time I loaded the form, I was using another Delphi or C++ Builder version which has new properties. You can safely ignore messages related to those new properties. They are not used in the samples. (The properties are CharSet, OldCreateOrder and others). You can also encounter error about duplicate resources. You can ignore them safely. If you have those errors, open each form in the IDE, ignore the error then recompile. If you don't open the form in the IDE, you'll get the errors at runtime and your program will abort. When installing a new version, always delete old dcu, obj, dcpil and always recompile everything ! Close everything before recompiling the library or packages. When installing a new version, be sure to unzip it in the same directory tree as the old one or you'll mess both versions. About SSL: ---------- TSslWSocket and TSslWSocketServer component are derived from the standard TWSocket and TWSocketServer component. The SSL code is compiled into the component only if you define USE_SSL symbol to your packages and projects. Just add USE_SSL to the defines in the project or package options and recompile everything. The components make use of LIBEAY32.DLL and SSLEAY32.DLL to handle SSL protocol stuff. The DLLs are dynamically loaded at runtime. It means that the DLLs will only be required at runtime when you first make use of a SSL function. Your applications will run on systems without OpenSSL DLLs as long as you don't call any SSL function. The files may be downloaded from: http://wiki.overbyte.be/wiki/index.php/ICS_Download Most ICS components have their SSL enabled counter part. They work exactly the same way as the regular component except when SSL specific stuff is needed, for example certificates. To support SSL stuff, the SSL-enabled version use some new properties, events and methods. Many sample programs have their SSL-enabled counter part in a separate sources located in SslInternet folder. SSL certificates: To make use of SSL, you frequently need certificates. I provide some demo certificates I built using command line OpenSSL tool. PEM certificates can be opened by a text editor, LF as well as CRLF are allowed as line breaks. CACERT.PEM : A demo certificate for "Example CA" 01CERT.PEM : A demo certificate which is signed by CACERT.PEM 01KEY.PEM : A demo private key for 01CERT.PEM Passphrase is "password". CLIENT.PEM : A demo certificate and private key. Passphrase is "password". SERVER.PEM : A demo certificate and private key. Passphrase is "password". ROOT.PEM : A demo CA certificate. Passphrase is "password". TRUSTEDCABUNDLE.PEM : A demo CA file in PEM format containing multiple well known root CA certificates to be specified in property CA Path of the demo applications. Read the comments included in this file. 6F6359FC.0 : Located in sub directory SslInternet\TrustedCaStore, it's the file CACERT.PEM stored with a hashed file name. Directory TrustedCaStore can be specified in property CA Path of the demo applications. For details about certificate, see the excellent book: "Network security with OpenSSL", O'Reilly, ISBN 10: 0-596-00270-X The SSL demo project OverbyteIcsPemTool may be used to create self signed PEM certificates, certificate requests for commercial use, to convert existing certificates in the Windows Certificate Store to PEM format understood by OpenSSL and to examine PEM certificates. You will find more information in IcsSslHowTo.txt file. Commercial SSL certificates: To avoid browsers giving certificate warning messages, you need to purchase a SSL certificate from one of numerous companies, such as Verisign, Thawte GeoTrust or RapidSSL. Prices vary dramatically and are often cheaper from resellers such as Servertastic than from the main issuing companies. The main purpose of an SSL certificate is to prove the identity of the owner of a web site, ideally the company behind the web site. That usually requires paper work identifying the company is submitted and also proof the domain being protected is owned by that company, it usually also involves telephone calls. Such certificates are usually called fully validated and cost $120 or more each year for a single domain, ie secure.website.com. Wild card certificates cost $350 or more, but protect multiple sub-domains, ie web.website.com as well. Extended Validation certificates cost from $450 a year, and show the company name in green in the address bar. For testing and simple use, instant issued SSL certificates cost from $15 per year and protect a single domain only with automated checking reducing the cost (an email to admin@website.com to prove you receive email for the domain, perhaps a telephone call as well). Note these instant certificates do not include a company name. To buy and install an SSL certificate for use with ICS and OpenSSL follow these steps: 1 - Build the SSL demo project OverbyteIcsPemTool. Take Extras, Create Certificate Requests, fill in the various fields (check other certificates if uncertain, the Common Name is the domain to protect, ie secure.website.com and E-Mail should be an email address at the than domain, ideally admin or administrator, 2048 bits. Click Create, and specify two file names, first for the private key (mykey.pem) then the certificate request file (myreq.pem). The request can also be done using OpenSSL command line arguments, or you can build it into your own application. 2 - Choose you SSL supplier and certificate type, at some point during the ordering process you will be asked for the certificate request, so open the PEM file you saved with a text editor and copy the base64 encoded block starting -BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST- into the web form. It should be decoded and displayed so you check it's correct. The private key is not needed for the certificate to be issued. At this point the validation process starts as mentioned above, which might take hours or weeks to complete. 3 - Eventually the SSL certificate should be issued, either by email or made available to download from the supplier's web site. It should be in X.509 format in a base64 encoded block starting -BEGIN CERTIFICATE- which should be saved as a PEM file (mycert.pem). There should also be an Intermediate CA certificate, with which your new certificate was signed, which should also be saved as a file (mycacert.pem). This may also be downloadable from the supplier as a bundle file and should be common to any certificates they issue, ie RapidSSL_CA_bundle.pem. 4 - The OverbyteIcsPemTool tool has a View PEM button that allows examination of your new PEM files. 5 - The three PEM files now need to be attached to the SslContext component in your application, with properties SslCertFile, SslPrivKeyFile and SslCAFile. The request certificate file has no further use. Support: -------- There is a mailing list to discuss F. Piette's components and applications. To subscribe surf to http://lists.elists.org/mailman/listinfo/twsocket. Do not use an aliased EMail address, use your real EMail address, the one you'll use to post messages. After asking for subscription, you'll receive a confirmation email you must reply to it or you will _not_ be added to the subscriber's list (this is to check for email path and also make sure someone doesn't subscribe you without your consent). Once you have been registered with the mailing list processor, you can send messages to twsocket@elists.org. Every subscriber will receive a copy of your message. I will respond, but anybody is welcome to respond to each other's messages. So every body can share his expertise. There are many other useful mailing lists at http://www.elists.org ! Before asking a question, browse the message archive you can download from the support page on the web site (click the "support" button from main page) and from the mailing list web site http://lists.elists.org/mailman/listinfo/twsocket. Google is also archiving the list with some delay. If you found a bug, please make a short program that reproduces the problem attach it to a message addressed to me. If I can reproduce the problem, I can find a fix ! Do not send exe file but just source code and instructions. Always use the latest version (beta if any) before reporting any bug. You are also encouraged to use the support mailing list to ask for enhancements. You are welcome to post your own code. The support mailing list has sometimes a heavy traffic. If it is too much for you, you can select "digest" mode in which mailing list processor will mail you only one big message per day. To select digest mode goto http://lists.elists.org/mailman/listinfo/twsocket. You can also subscribe to another mailing list called twsocket-announce which will receive only very few messages when major bug fixes or updates are done. The subscription process is the same as for the other mailing list. See above procedure. Release notes ------------- There is no global release notes. Each component and sample has his own history. You can find those histories in the comment in the beginning of each source file. There are also a bunch of useful comments in the source code. You should at least browse the source for the components you are interested in. MidWare ------- If you wants to build client/server applications using TCP/IP protocol, you can do it easily with ICS. But you can do it much more easily using another freeware product from Fran鏾is Piette: MidWare. Available from the same web site http://www.overbyte.be. francois.piette@overbyte.be francois.piette@swing.be http://www.overbyte.be/ http://wiki.overbyte.be/

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