ORACLE数据库PL/SQL中怎么等待,象Sleep(1000)那样

caihuawei 2003-10-17 08:51:22
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Usage: ora [-u user] [-i instance#] [] General -u user/pass use USER/PASS to log in -i instance# append # to ORACLE_SID -sid set ORACLE_SID to sid -top # limit some large queries to on # rows - repeat Repeat an coomand time. Sleep between two calls Command are: - execute: cursors currently being executed - longops: run progression monitor - sessions: currently open sessions - stack get process stack using oradebug - cursors [all] : [all] parsed cursors - sharing : print why cursors are not shared - events [px]: events that someone is waiting for - events [read_by_other_session] events that someone is read by other session - ash [duration] [-f ] active session history for specified period e.g. 'ash 30' to display from [now - 30min] to [now] e.g. 'ash 30 10 -f foo.txt' to display a 10 minutes period from [now - 30min] and store the result in file foo.txt - ash_wait_graph [duration] [-f ] PQ event wait graph using ASH data Arguments are the same as for ash except that the output must be shown with the mxgraph tool - ash_sql Show all ash rows group by sampli_time and event for the specified sql_id - [-u ] degree degree of objects for a given user - [-u ] colstats stats for each table, column - [-u ] tabstats stats for each table - params []: view all parameters, even hidden ones - snap: view all snapshots status - bc: view contents of buffer cache - temp: view used space in temp tbs - asm: Show asm space/free space - space []: view used/free space in a given tbs - binds : display bind capture information for specified cursor - fulltext : display the entire SQL text of the specified statement - last_sql_hash []: hash value of the last styatement executed by the specified sid. If no sid speficied, return the last hash_value of user sessions - openv []: display optimizer env parameters for specified cursor - plan []: get explain plan of a particular cursor - pxplan : get explain plan of a particular cursor and all connected cursor slave SQL - wplan []: get explain plan with work area information - pxwplan : get explain plan with work area information of a particular cursor and all connected cursor slave SQL - eplan []: get explain plan with execution statistics - pxeplan : get explain plan with execution statistics of a particular cursor and all connected cursor slave SQL - gplan : get graphical explain plan of a particular cursor using dot specification - webplan get graphical explain plan of a particular [/] cursor using gdl specification []: optional: child_number, default is zero. optional: decorate to print further node information. default is 0, 1 => print further node information such as cost, filter_predicates etc. 2 => in addition to the above, print row vector information sample usage: # ora webplan 4019453623 print more information (decorate 1) # ora webplan 4019453623/1 1 more information, overload! (decorate 2) # ora webplan 4019453623/1 2 using sql_id along with child number instead of hash value # ora webplan aca4xvmz0rzup/3 1 - hash_to_sqlid : get the sql_id of the cursor given its hash value - sqlid_to_hash : get the hash value of the cursor given its (unquoted) sql_id - exptbs: generate export tablespace script - imptbs: generate import tablespace script - smm [limited]: SQL memory manager stats for active workareas - onepass: Run an ora wplan on all one-pass cursors - mpass: Run an ora wplan on all multi-pass cursors - pga: tell how much pga memory is used - pga_detail | -mem : Gives details on how PGA memory is consumed by a process (given its os PID) or by the set of precesses consuming more than MB of PGA memory (-mem option) - pgasnap [] Snapshot the pga advice stats - pgaadv [-s []] [-o graphfile] [-m min_size]: generate a graph from v and display it or store it in a file if the -o option is used. -s [] to diff with a previous snapshot (see pgasnap cmd) -o [graphfile] to store the result in a file instead of displaying it -m [min_size] only consider workareas with a minimum size - pgaadvhist [-f []] display the advice history for all factors or for factor between f_min and f_max - sga: tell how much sga memory is used - sga_stats: tell how sga is dynamically used - sort_usage: tell how temp tablespace is used in detail - sgasnap [] Snapshot the sga advice stats - sgaadv [-s []] [-o graphfile] generate a graph from v and v and store it in a file if the -o option is used. -s [] to diff with a previous snapshot (see sgasnap cmd) -o [graphfile] to store the result in a file instead of displaying it - process []: display process info with pga memory - version: display Oracle version number - cur_mem [ ] display the memory used for a given or all cursors - shared_mem [ ] detailed dump of cursor shared mem allocations - runtime_mem [ ] detailed dump of cursor runtime memory allocations - all_mem [ ] do all of the memory dumps - pstack |all [] run pstack on specified process (or all if 'all' specified) and store files in specified dir ( when not specified) - idxdesc [username] list all indexes for a given user or for a given user and table - segsize [username] list size of all objects(segments) for given user for a given user and object - tempu list temporary ts usage of all users or for a given user - sqlstats [ ] list sql execution stats (like buffer_gets, phy. reads etc) for a given sql_id/hash_value of statement - optstats [username] list optimizer stats for all tables stored in dictionary for a given user or for a given user and table - userVs list all user Views (user_tables, user_indexes etc) - fixedVs list all V$ Views - fixedXs list all X$ Views - px_processes list all px processes (QC and slaves) - cursor_summary summarize stats about (un)pinned cursors - rowcache summarizes row cache statistics - monitor_list lists all the statements that have been monitored - monitor [xml]: wraps dbms_sqltune.report_sql_monitor(). Directly passe the arguments to the PL/SQL procedure. Args are: sql_id, session_id, session_serial, sql_exec_start, sql_exec_id, inst_id, instance_id_filter, parallel_filter, report_level, type. Examples: - monitor xml shows XML report - monitor show last monitored stmt - monitor sql_id=>'8vz99cy9bydv8', session_id=>105 will show monitor info for sql_id 8vz99cy9bydv8 and session_id 105 Use simply ora monitor 8vz99cy9bydv8 to display monitoring information for sql_id 8vz99cy9bydv8. Syntax for parallel filters is: [qc][servers([,] [,] )] Use /*+ monitor */ to force monitoring. - monitor_old [ash_all] [] [qc| [ []]] Old version of SQL monitoring, use a SQL query versus the report_sql_monitor() package. Display monitoring info for the LAST execution of the specified cursor. Cursor response time needs to be at least 5s for monitoring to start (use the monitor hint to force monitoring). Without any parameter, will display monitoring info for the last cursor that was monitored - ash_all will aggregate ash data over all executions of the cursor (useful for short queries that are executed many times). If parallel: - qc to see only data for qc - slave_grp# to see only data for one parallelizer - slave_grp# + slave_set# to see only data for one slave set of one parallelizer, - slave_grp# + slave_set# + slave# to see data only for the specified slave - sql_task [progress | interrupt | history | report ] progress: progress monitoring for executing sql tasks interrupt: interrupt an executing sql task history: print a history of last n executions report: get a sql tune report - sql_use_temp_segment Find Who And What SQL Is Using Temp Segments. - sh Run a shell command. E.g. ora repeat 5 10 sh 'ps -edf | grep DESC' - awr_dbid Show AWR dbid - awr_dbtime [dbid] Show AWR dbtime - awr_dbtime [dbid] [inst] Show AWR dbtime - awr_dbtime_order [dbid] Show AWR dbtime order by desc - awr_sql_elaps_time [dbid] Show AWR SQL elapsed time - awr_sql_elaps_time [dbid] [inst] Show AWR SQL elapsed time - awr_sql_elaps_time_order [dbid] Show AWR SQL elapsed time order by desc - awr_logical_reads_order [dbid] - awr_logical_reads [dbid] Show AWR logical reads M Show AWR logical reads M order by desc - awr_physical_reads [dbid] Show AWR physical reads M - awr_physical_reads_order [dbid] Show AWR physical reads M order by desc - awr_db_cpu_per [dbid] [inst] Show AWR db_cpu_time cpu percent - awr_user_cpu_per [dbid] [inst] Show AWR oracle user_time cpu percent including backgroud process - awr_sql sql_id [dbid] Show AWR sql_id executions, per elapsed time. - awr_fulltext sql_id [dbid] Show AWR sql fulltext - awr_plan sql_id plan_hash [dbid] Show AWR sql plan, if plan_hash is null, show all plans. - awr_binds sql_id end_snap_id [dbid] Show AWR bind values in end_snap_id. - tab_frag owner [frag_percent] Show table fragment. - index_frag owner [frag_percent] Show index fragment. - rman_fullrestore_scripts dest_dbfile_dir Generate rman full database restore scripts - top_buffers_gets Top 10 by buffer gets > 10000 - top_physical_reads Top 10 by Physical Reads (disk_reads > 1000) - top_executions Top 10 by Executions > 100 - top_parse_calls Top 10 by Parse Calls > 1000 - top_sharable_memory Top 10 by Sharable Memory > 1M - top_version_count Top 10 by Version Count > 20 - top_cpu_usage Top 10 by CPU usage (cpu_time) - top_running_time Top 10 by Running Time (first_load_time desc) - create_tbs path size Create test database's tablespace script - create_tbs path size [dbid]Create dbid's test database's tablespace script - hold_txlock Show sessions holding a TX lock - wait_txlock Show sessions waiting a TX lock - rowid Display rowid's file_id, file_name, block info, object info, extent_id Memory: The detailed memory dumps need to have events set to work. The events bellow can be added to the init.ora file event="10277 trace name context forever, level 10" # mutable mem event="10235 trace name context forever, level 4" # shared mem NOTE ==== - Set environment variable ORA_USE_HASH to 1 to get SQL hash values instead of SQL ids - Set environment variable DBUSER to change default connect string which is "/ as sysdba" - Set environment variable ORA_TMP to the default temp directory (default if /tmp when not set)
目录 一、 HTML&CSS部分 11 1、HTML定义表格的宽度用80px和80%的区别是什么? 11 2、CSS样式定义优先级顺序是? 12 3、div和span的区别? 12 4、CSS选择器包括? 12 5、用css3语法,如何实现一个矩形框的圆角效果和50%红色透明效果?,请写出关键脚本 12 6、Div与Table的区别 13 7、行级标签转块级标签,块级标签转行级标签 13 二、Java基础部分 13 1、java有哪些基本类型? 13 2、java为什么能够跨平台运行? 13 3、String是基本数据类型吗?我可不可以写个类继承于String? 14 4、谈谈&和&&的区别? 14 5、Switch语句里面的条件可不可以是byte、long、String?使用时候还应注意什么? 14 6、short s1=1;s1=s1+1;有什么错?short s1 = 1;s1+=1 有什么错? 14 7、char为什么能存贮一个汉字? 15 9、final关键字的用法? 15 10、静态变量和实例变量的区别? 15 11、面向对的基本特征是什么? 15 12、作用域public,private,protected,以及不写时的区别? 16 13、Overload和Override的区别。 16 14、构造器可不可以被重载或重写? 16 15、Java有没有多继承? 16 16、抽类和接口的区别? 17 17、java实现多态的机制是什么? 17 19、String和StringBuffer的区别?StringBuffer和StringBuilder区别? 17 21、数组有没有length()方法,String有没有length()方法? 18 23、final, finally, finalize的区别。 18 24、‘==’和equals的区别? 18 25、JAVAObject类有哪些常用方法? 19 26、heap和stack有什么区别。 19 27、GC是什么? 为什么要有GC? 20 28、什么是内部类?分为哪几种? 20 29、为什么需要内部类? 20 30、内部类可以引用它的包含类的成员吗?有没有什么限制? 21 31、Anonymous Inner Class (匿名内部类) 是否可以extends(继承)其它类,是否可以implements(实现)interface(接口)? 21 33、数字转字符有多少种方式,分别是什么 22 34、Java创建对有几种方式 22 35、写出验证Email的正则表达式 22 39、说出十种常见的异常 22 40什么是检查性异常和非检查性异常? 23 41、Java的异常处理机制是什么? 23 42、一个静态方法,里面可不可以用this和super关键字 24 三、JavaScript/JQuery/Ajax部分 24 1、用js和jQuery怎么进行表单验证 24 3、列举javaScript的3种主要数据类型,2种复合数据类型和2种特殊数据类型。 24 4、谈谈你的JS的理解? 24 5、ajax的优点? 25 6、简述一下ajax调试代码查找错误的方法? 26 7、简述ajaxJs脚本缓存问题该如何解决? 26 8、同步和异步怎么理解?分别在什么情况下使用。 26 9、java后台如何接收ajax数据? 26 10、为什么要有jquery? 26 11、jQuery选择器有多少种? 27 13、你是如何使用jquery的ajax的? 27 14、jquery的$.get和$.post请求区别? 27 15、jquery如何操作样式的? 28 16、如何设置和获取HTML和文本的值? 28 17、Jquery能做些什么? 28 18、在ajaxdata主要有哪几种? 28 19、jQueryajax由几部分组成? 28 20、js和jQuery获取value值得区别 29 四、jsp/servlet部分 29 1、Tomcat的优化经验 29 2、Tomcat根目录下有哪些文件 31 3、什么是TOMCAT,怎样启动停止,配置文件,日志文件的存储。 31 4、解释一下什么是servlet;什么是servlet容器; 32 5、说一说Servlet的生命周期,执行过程? 32 6、实例化servlet有几种方式 32 7、谈谈你对http协议的理解 33 8、HTTP请求的GET与POST方式的区别 34 9、forward 和redirect的区别? 34 10、servlet怎么定义forward 和redirect 35 11、过滤器有哪些作用? 35 12、JSP的常用指令? 35 13、JSP和Servlet的请求转发分别如何实现? 35 14、JSP乱码如何解决? 36 15、session 和 application的区别? 36 16、jsp有哪些内置对?作用分别是什么? 36 17、Jsp有哪些动作?作用分别是什么? 37 18、JSP动态INCLUDE与静态INCLUDE的区别? 37 19、JSP和Servlet有哪些相同点和不同点,他们之间的联系是什么? 38 20、页面传递对的方法? 38 21、Cookied和session区别? 38 22、Filter的生命周期与执行过程 38 23、Tomcat系统内存怎么配置 39 24、JSTL标签库包含哪些? 39 五、数据库部分 40 1、触发器的作用? 40 2、什么是存储过程?用什么来调用? 40 3、存储过程的优缺点? 40 4、存储过程与函数的区别 41 5、索引的作用?和它的优点缺点是什么? 41 6、什么样的字段适合建索引 41 7、索引类型有哪些? 42 8、什么是事务?什么是锁? 42 9、什么叫视图?游标是什么? 43 10、视图的优缺点 43 11、列举几种表连接方式,有什么区别? 43 12、主键和外键的区别? 44 13、在数据库查询语句速度很慢,如何优化? 44 14、数据库三范式是什么? 44 15、union和union all有什么不同? 45 16、char、varchar2、varchar有什么区别? 45 17、Oracle和Mysql的区别? 46 18、Oracle语句有多少类型 46 19、oracle分页语句 47 20、从数据库随机取50条 47 21、order by与group by的区别 47 22、commit在哪里会运用 47 23、行转列、列换行怎么转 48 24、什么是PL/SQL? 49 25、序列的作用 50 26、表和视图的关系 50 27、oracle基本数据类型 50 28、drop、truncate、 delete区别 50 29、如何优化大数据量的访问? 51 30、oracle怎么去除去重 51 31、合并查询有哪些? 51 32、SQL语句执行顺序 51 33、null的含义 52 34、mysql分页 52 35、MySQLSqlServer、oracle写出字符存储、字符串转时间 52 36、update语句可以修改结果集的数据吗? 53 37、oracle如何设置主键自动增长? 53 38、表连接、子查询的区别是什么?它们可以相互转化吗?你倾向于用哪种,为什么? 54 39、oracle数据库表的备份及还原 54 40、谈谈你知道的数据库间件 54 41、oracle和MySQL的区别 54 42、简述Mysql的InnoDb 55 43、删除重复数据只保留一条。 55 44、一个几千万数据,发现数据查询很慢,怎么办? 55 六、Java高级部分 56 1、java有几种方法可以实现一个线程?用什么关键字修饰同步方法? stop()和suspend()方法为何不推荐使用? 56 2、sleep() 和 wait() 有什么区别? 56 3、当一个线程进入一个对的一个synchronized方法后,其它线程是否可进入此对的其它方法? 56 4、线程的基本概念 57 5、什么是多线程 57 6、程序、进程、线程之间的关系 57 7、创建线程有几种方式,分别是什么? 58 8、线程的生命周期 59 9、线程currentThread()与interrupt()方法的使用 59 10、线程状态 59 启动线程的方式?start or run? 59 11、什么是java序列化,如何实现java序列化? 59 12、编写一个程序,将d:\java目录下的所有.java文件复制到d:\jad目录下,并将原来文件的扩展名从.java改为.jad。 60 13、java有几种类型的流?JDK为每种类型的流提供了一些抽类以供继承,请说出他们分别是哪些类? 63 14、字节流与字符流的区别 63 15、怎么判断指定路径是否为目录 65 16、怎么获取指定路径下的全部文件 65 17、Java怎么读取文件和写入文件 65 18、java怎么复制文件 68 19、用JDBC如何调用存储过程 69 20、JDBC的PreparedStatement相比Statement的好处 71 21、写一个用jdbc连接实例。 71 22、ArrayList和Vector的区别? 73 23、List、Set和Map的区别? 74 24、Collection 和 Collections的区别。 74 25、Set里的元素是不能重复的,那么用什么方法来区分重复与否呢? 是用==还是equals()? 它们有何区别? 75 26、HashMap与HashTable的区别 75 27、Java有多少种数据结构,分别是什么? 76 28、Arraylist 和Linkedlist 的区别 76 29、List遍历方式有多少种 76 30、Map怎么遍历 76 31、怎么获取Map所有的key,所有的value 77 32、获取Class的实例有几种方式 77 33、怎么获取类所有的方法,所有属性 77 34、JDBC常用接口有哪些? 77 35、Statement execute、executeUpdate、executeQuery这三者的区别 78 36、jdbc怎么做批量处理的? 80 37、什么是json 83 38、json与xml的区别 83 39、XML和HTML的区别? 84 40、XML文档定义有几种形式?它们之间有何本质区别? 84 41、什么是java反射机制? 84 42、hashmap的底层实现 85 43、什么是java内存泄漏,怎么预防? 85 七、框架部分 85 1、谈谈你对Struts2的理解。 85 2、谈谈你对Hibernate的理解。 86 3、你对Spring的理解。 87 4、Struts2优缺点 87 5、ORM工作原理? 89 6、struts2的核心组件有哪些? 89 7、Strus2的执行过程 89 8、为什么要使用struts2? 90 9、openSession和getCurrentSession 90 10、拦截器的作用?拦截器和过滤器的区别? 91 11、struts.xmlresult的type有哪些类型? 91 12、什么时候用JDBC什么时候用Hibernete; 91 13、hibernate 数据的三个状态 91 14、Hibernateload和get的区别? 92 15、Hibernate的工作原理? 92 16、hibernate优缺点? 92 17、Hibernate是如何延迟加载的? 93 18、如果优化Hibernate? 93 19、什么是ORM? 94 20、Hibernate的主键生成策略? 94 21、Hibernate的级联操作 94 22、Hibernate有哪5个核心接口? 95 23、什么是重量级?什么是轻量级? 95 24、谈谈Spring的IOC和DI
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{25.5.2}Bean对的初始化与销毁}{437}{subsection.25.5.2} {25.6}AOP与代理模式}{437}{section.25.6} {25.6.1}动态代理模式}{438}{subsection.25.6.1} {25.6.2}Spring代理模式}{440}{subsection.25.6.2} {25.6.2.1}第一种情况}{440}{subsubsection.25.6.2.1} {25.6.2.2}第二种情况}{441}{subsubsection.25.6.2.2} {25.6.2.3}第三种情况:使用schema配置}{443}{subsubsection.25.6.2.3} {25.7}单例模式及Bean的作用域}{445}{section.25.7} {25.8}Spring JDBC}{446}{section.25.8} {25.9}Spring与Struts2集成}{448}{section.25.9} {25.10}Struts2, Spring, Hibernate}{450}{section.25.10} {25.10.1}spring-test: 使用注解方式测试}{455}{subsection.25.10.1} {25.11}Spring管理Hibernate}{456}{section.25.11} {25.12}分层管理Spring配置文件}{462}{section.25.12} {25.13}Spring的Hibernate懒加载}{462}{section.25.13} {25.14}Spring文过滤器}{463}{section.25.14} {25.15}Spring读取属性(.properties)文件}{464}{section.25.15} {25.16}Spring的Hibernate数据库操作}{465}{section.25.16} {25.17}分页查询}{465}{section.25.17} \contentsline {chapter}{Todo list}{478}{lstnumber.-637.8} {A}T-GWAP}{480}{appendix.A} {A.1}PO}{480}{section.A.1} {A.2}DAO}{480}{section.A.2} {A.2.1}使用连接池}{480}{subsection.A.2.1} {A.3}BO}{485}{section.A.3} {A.3.1}ThreadLocal}{486}{subsection.A.3.1} {A.4}FC}{486}{section.A.4} {A.5}View}{486}{section.A.5} {A.6}框架}{486}{section.A.6} {A.6.1}简单工厂}{486}{subsection.A.6.1} {B}问题}{489}{appendix.B} \contentsline {chapter}{Index}{491}{section*.9} {B.0.2},}{491}{subsection.B.0.2}

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