OpenGL中glClearDepth的问题

Hackevin 2004-06-28 04:51:17

用
glClearDepth(1.0f); // Depth Buffer Setup
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // The Type Of Depth Testing To Do
做初始化图形无法显示，
把glDepthFunc()中的参数改为GL_ALWAYS才行，这个问题怎么造成的？如何解决？

谢谢

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regainworld 2004-06-30

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哦，忘了说了，如果深度测试通过，那这点的深度值就被新的z值替换掉了：
stored Z = z；
这样再画别的物体时，再和这个（应该是比1.0）小的z值进行比较了！

regainworld 2004-06-30

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哈哈，不知道！

如果你调用glDepthRange，改变深度值的范围，比如说改为1.0-2.0，那也有可能出这种错。
如果你设置深度缓存只有一位，好像也可能出错，不敢肯定。。。

深度缓存就好像是屏幕，每一个像素对应一个深度值。将视锥台的近切面到远切面分成n等份，比如深度缓存设为8位，那就分成256份，这256份从0.0到1.0平均分配，就是深度值。一开始你把深度缓存清1.0，表示全部像素都在最远处；然后根据你画物体的位置，求出物体每一点对应的深度值z，再和深度缓存中对应点的深度值（stored Z）比较，如果z <= stored Z（GL_LEQUAL），深度测试通过，就画出来，否则就不画。

这个0.0到1.0，可以用glDepthRange更改。

zhouwander 2004-06-29

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up

Hackevin 2004-06-29

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to: regainworld(午夜心跳)
glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)做了啊

regainworld 2004-06-29

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glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER);了吗？

Hackevin 2004-06-28

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我知道啊，可是这个Z值是多少？怎么确定的？

syy64 2004-06-28

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就是深度缓存。

Hackevin 2004-06-28

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这个stored Z是什么？

谢谢

zhucde 2004-06-28

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Z的问题

见参数的解释:

GL_NEVER Never passes.
GL_LESS Passes if the incoming z value is less than the stored z value. This is the default value.
GL_LEQUAL Passes if the incoming z value is less than or equal to the stored z value.
GL_EQUAL Passes if the incoming z value is equal to the stored z value.
GL_GREATER Passes if the incoming z value is greater than the stored z value.
GL_NOTEQUAL Passes if the incoming z value is not equal to the stored z value.
GL_GEQUAL Passes if the incoming z value is greater than or equal to the stored z value.
GL_ALWAYS Always passes.

首先感谢各位的下载，这个文档是我自己整理的，由于函数太多，没办法一一详细的添加用法的中文翻译，还望大家见谅，里面写明了是中文分类。如哪位朋友有中文的用法介绍可以提供给我，让你我一起完善这个中文的翻译工作！有些朋友说给我骗了，你要知道整理这个文档我花了大量时间。已经非常的不容易了，我找了好多CHM文档都没有一个是我自己想要的。非常痛苦弄出来的！希望大家多多支持！！中文分类 OpenGL 库函数汇总 ================================= 目前OpenGL的函数主要包含在3个库中 1.GL 函数库 2.GLU 函数库 3.GLUT 函数库 1.GL 库函数 =================================== 颜色编辑 ------------------- glShadeModel 选择平面明暗模式或光滑明暗模式 void glShadeModel(GLenum mode) 参数：mode 指定表示明暗模式的符号值，可选 GL_FLAT 和 GL_SMOOTH ,缺省值为 GL_SMOOTH glColor 设置当前颜色这是一个家族性质的函数集合，并没有glColor()这个函数。其包含的函数如下： void glColor3b(GLbyte red , GLbyte green , GLbyte blue) void glColor3d(GLdouble red , GLdouble green , GLdouble blue) void glColor3f(GLfloat red , GLfloat green , GLfloat blue) void glColor3i(GLint red , GLint green , GLint blue) void glColor3s(GLshort red , GLshort green , GLshort blue) void glColor3ub(GLubyte red , GLubyte green , GLubyte blue) void glColor3ui(GLuint red , GLuint green , GLuint blue) void glColor3us(GLushort red , GLushort green , GLushort blue) void glColor4b(GLbyte red , GLbyte green , GLbyte blue , GLbyte alpha) void glColor4d(GLdouble red , GLdouble green , GLdouble blue , GLdouble alpha) void glColor4f(GLfloat red , GLfloat green , GLfloat blue , GLfloat alpha) void glColor4i(GLint red , GLint green , GLint blue , GLint alpha) void glColor4s(GLshort red , GLshort green , GLshort blue , GLshort alpha) void glColor4ub(GLubyte red , GLubyte green , GLubyte blue , GLubyte alpha) void glColor4ui(GLuint red , GLuint green , GLuint blue , GLuint alpha) void glColor4us(GLushort red , GLushort green , GLushort blue , GLbyte alpha) 参数：red , green , blue 指定当前新的红、绿、蓝的颜色值 alpha 透明度，指明当前新的 alpha 颜色值，只有在 glColor4 函数中带4个变量时才会指定此参数。此外还包括： void glColor3bv(const GLbyte * v) void glColor3dv(const GLdoble * v) void glColor3fv(const GLfloat * v) void glColor3iv(const GLint * v) void glColor3sv(const GLshort * v) void glColor3ubv(const GLubyte * v) void glColor3uiv(const GLuint * v) void glColor3usv(const GLushort * v) void glColor4bv(const GLbyte * v) void glColor4dv(const GLdoble * v) void glColor4fv(const GLfloat * v) void glColor4iv(const GLint * v) void glColor4sv(const GLshort * v) void glColor4ubv(const GLubyte * v) void glColor4uiv(const GLuint * v) void glColor4usv(const GLushort * v) 参数：v 指定一个值向包含红、绿、蓝和 alpha 值的数组指针。 glColorPointer 定义颜色数组 void glColorPointer(GLint size , GLenum type , GLsizei stride , GLsizei count , const GLvoid * pointer) 参数：size 每个颜色的分量数目，该值必须是3或4 type 在颜色数组中每个颜色分量的数据类型，可选的数据类型为： GL_BYTE GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE GL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT GL_INT GL_UNSIGNED_INT GL_FLOAT GL_UNSIGNED_FLOAT stride 相邻两个颜色的字节偏移量。当stride为零时，颜色值在数组中是一个接一个排列的。 count 静态颜色的数目，从第一个颜色开始计数。 pointer 指向颜色数组中第一个颜色元素中第一个分量的指针。 glIndex 设置当前颜色索引 void glIndexd(GLdouble c) void glIndexf(GLfloat c) void glIndexi(GLint c) void glIndexs(GLshort c) 参数： c 新的当前颜色索引值 void glIndexdv(GLdouble * c) void glIndexfv(GLfloat * c) void glIndexiv(GLint * c) void glIndexsv(GLshort * c) 参数： c 指向一个由单个元素组成的数组指针，该数组中包含新的当前颜色索引值。 glIndexPointer 定义颜色索引数组 void glIndexPointer(GLenum type ,GLsizei stride ,GLsizei count ,const GLvoid *pointer) 参数：type 数组中每个颜色索引的数据类型，可以选择的符号常数为：GL_SHORT GL_INT GL_FLOAT GL_DOUBLE stride 相邻的两个颜色索引的字节偏移量。当stride为零时，颜色索引值在数组中是一个接一个排列的。 count 颜色索引的数目，从第一个颜色开始计数，它们是静态的。 pointer 指向颜色数组中第一个颜色索引的指针。 glColorTableEXT 为目标调色板纹理指定调色板的格式和大小 void glColorTableEXT(GLenum target ,GLenum internalFormat ,GLsizei width ,GLenum format ,GLenum type ,const GLvoid *data) 参数：target 需要更改调色板的目标纹理，必须为 TEXTURE_1D TEXTURE_2D PROXY_TEXTURE_1D PROXY_TEXTURE_2D intenalFormat (等待编辑) width 调色板的大小，对于某些 n ，必须满足 2n>=1 . format (等待编辑) type data的数据类型，可选以下符号常量： GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE GL_BYTE GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT GL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_INT GL_INT GL_UNSIGNED_FLOAT GL_FLOAT data 指向调色板纹理数据的指针。对于调色板项目，数据作为一维纹理调色板项目中的单个像素进行处理。 glColorSubTableEXT 指定需要替代的目标纹理调色板的一部分 void glColorSubTableEXT(GLenum target ,GLsizei start ,GLsizei count ,GLenum format ,GLenum type ,const GLvoid * data) 参数：target 需要更改调色板的目标纹理，必须为 TEXTURE_1D TEXTURE_2D PROXY_TEXTURE_1D PROXY_TEXTURE_2D start 被改变的调色板的起始调色板索引项目。 count 被改变的调色板中从 start 开始的调色板索引项目的数目。count参数确定了被改变的调色板中调色板索引项目的范围。 format (等待编辑) type data的数据类型，可选以下符号常量： GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE GL_BYTE GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT GL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_INT GL_INT GL_UNSIGNED_FLOAT GL_FLOAT data 指向调色板纹理数据的指针。对于调色板项目，数据作为一维纹理调色板项目中的单个像素进行处理。绘制几何图形 ----------------------------- glVertex glVertexPointer glArrayElement glBegin , glEnd glEdgeFlag , glEdgeFlagv glPointSize glLineWidth glLineStipple glPolygonMode glFrontFace glPolygonStipple glDrawElements glRect 坐标转换 ----------------------------- glTranslate glRotate glScale glViewPoint glFrustum glOrtho glClipPlane 堆栈操作 ------------------------------ glLoadMatrix glMultMatrix glMatrixMode glPushMatrix , glPopMatrix glPushAttrib , glPopAttrib glPushName , glPopName glInitName glLoadName 1.GL 函数库（续） =============================== 显示列表 ----------------------------- glNewList , glEndList glCallList glCallLists glGenLists glDeleteLists glIsList 使用光照和材质 ----------------------------- glNormal glNormalPointer glLight glLightModel glMaterial glColorMaterial 像素操作 ------------------------------ glRasterPos glBitmap glReadPixels glDrawPixels glCopyPixels glCopyTexImage1D glCopyTexImage2D glCopyTexSubImage1D glCopyTexSubImage2D glPixelZoom glPixelStore glPixelTransfer glPixelMap 纹理映射 ----------------------------- glTexImage1D glTexImage2D glTexParameter glTexSubImage1D glTexSubImage2D glTexEnv glTexCoord glTexGen glTexCoordPointer glDeleteTextures 特效操作 ---------------------------- glBlendFunc glHint glFog 1.GL 库函数（续2） ============================= 帧缓存操作 ----------------------------- glClear glClearAccum glClearColor glClearDepth glClearIndex glClearStencil glDrawBuffer glIndexMask glColorMask glDepthMask glStencilMask glAlphaFunc glStencilFunc glStencilOp glDepthFunc glDepthRange glLogicOp glAccum 曲线或曲面绘制 ------------------------------ glEvalCoord glMap1 glMap2 glMapGrid glEvalMesh glEvalPoint 查询函数 ----------------------------- glGet glGetClipPlane glGetColorTableEXT glGetColorTableParameterfvEXT , glGetColorTableParameterivEXT glGetError glGetLight glGetMap glGetMaterial glGetPixelMap glGetPointerv glGetPolygonStipple glGetString glGetTexEnv glGetTexImage glGetTexLevelParameter glGetTexParameter 2.GLU 库函数 ============================ 绘制 NURBS 曲线和曲面 ------------------------------ gluNewNurbsRenderer gluNurbsProperty gluNurbsCallback gluBeginCurve , gluEndCurve gluNurbsCurve gluDeleteNurbsRenderer gluBeginSurface , gluEndSurface gluNurbsSurface gluBeginTrim , gluEndTrim gluPwlCurve gluBeginPolygon , gluEndPolygon gluPickMatrix 绘制二次几何物体 --------------------------------- gluNewQuadric gluQuadricDrawStyle gluQuadricNormals gluQuadricOrientation gluCylinder gluSphere gluDisk gluPartialDisk gluDeleteQuadric gluQuadricTexture gluQuadricCallback 网格化 ------------------------------ gluNewTess gluTessVertex gluTessCallback gluTessBeginPolygon , gluTessEndPolygon gluTessBeginContour , gluTessBeginContour gluTessProperty gluNextContour gluTessNormal gluDeleteTess 坐标转换 ------------------------------ gluOrtho2D gluPerspective gluLookAt gluProject gluUnProject 多重映射 ------------------------------ gluBuild1DMipmaps gluBuild2DMipmaps gluScaleImage 查询函数 ----------------------------- gluErrorString gluGetNurbsProperty gluGetString gluGetTessProperty 3.GLUT 库函数 ============================= 初始化和启动事件处理 ------------------------- glutInit glutInitWindowPosition glutInitWindowSize glutInitDisplayMode glutMainLoop 窗口管理 ------------------------- glutCreateWindow glutCreateSubWindow glutHideWindow glutShowWindow glutSetWindowTitle glutPostRedisplay glutSwapBuffers glutFullScreen glutPositionWindow glutReshapeWindow glutSetWindow glutGetWindow glutPopWindow glutPushWindow glutDestroyWindow glutIconifyWindow glutSetCursor 重叠层管理 ------------------------- glutEstablishOverlay glutUseLayer glutRemoveOverlay glutPostOverlayRedisplay glutShowOverlay glutHideOverlay 菜单管理 ------------------------- glutCreateMenu glutAddMenuEntry glutAddSubMenu glutAttachMenu glutGetMenu glutSetMenu glutDestroyMenu glutChangeToMenuEntry glutChangeToSubMenu glutRemoveMenuItem glutDetachMenu 3.GLUT 库函数（续） =============================== 注册回调函数 ------------------------------- glutDisplayFunc glutReshapeFunc glutMouseFunc glutMotionFunc glutIdleFunc glutVisibilityFunc glutKeyboardFunc glutSpecialFunc glutOverlayDisplayFunc glutPassiveMotionFunc glutEntryFunc glutSpaceballMotionFunc glutSpaceballRotateFunc glutSpaceballButtonFunc glutButtonBoxFunc glutDialsFunc glutTableMotionFunc glutTableButtonFunc glutMenuStatusFunc glutTimerFunc 颜色索引映射表管理 ------------------------------- glutSetColor glutGetColor glutCopyColormap 状态检索 ------------------------------- glutGet glutLayerGet glutDeviceGet glutGetModifiers glutExtensionSupported 字体绘制 ------------------------------- glutBitmapCharacter glutBitmapWidth glutStrokeCharacter glutStrokeWidth 几何图形绘制 ------------------------------- glutSolidSphere , glutWireSphere glutSolidCube , glutWireCube glutSolidCone , glutWireCone glutSolidTorus , glutWireTorus glutSolidDodecahedron , glutWireDodecahedron glutSolidOctahedron , glutWireOctahedron glutSolidTetrahedron , glutWireTetrahedron glutSolieIcosahedron , glutWireIcosahedron glutSolidTeapot , glutWireTeapot

/* * This Code Was Created By Jeff Molofee 2000 * A HUGE Thanks To Fredric Echols For Cleaning Up * And Optimizing The Base Code, Making It More Flexible! * If You've Found This Code Useful, Please Let Me Know. * Visit My Site At nehe.gamedev.net */ #include > #include // Header File For Windows #include <gl\gl.h> // Header File For The OpenGL32 Library #include <gl\glu.h> // Header File For The GLu32 Library #include <gl\glaux.h> // Header File For The Glaux Library HDC hDC=NULL; // Private GDI Device Context HGLRC hRC=NULL; // Permanent Rendering Context HWND hWnd=NULL; // Holds Our Window Handle HINSTANCE hInstance; // Holds The Instance Of The Application int ax[10000]; bool keys[256]; // Array Used For The Keyboard Routine bool active=TRUE; // Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Default bool fullscreen=TRUE; // Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By Default int a=0; int b=0; int c=0; LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // Declaration For WndProc GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) // Resize And Initialize The GL Window { if (height==0) // Prevent A Divide By Zero By { height=1; // Making Height Equal One } glViewport(0,0,width,height); // Reset The Current Viewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // Select The Projection Matrix glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Projection Matrix // Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,1000.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // Select The Modelview Matrix glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Modelview Matrix } int InitGL(GLvoid) // All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here { int axa,axb,axc; axa=axb=axc=0; while(axa<=9999) { ax[axa]=1; axa++; } glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enable Smooth Shading glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // Black Background glClearDepth(1.0f); // Depth Buffer Setup glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // The Type Of Depth Testing To Do glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Really Nice Perspective Calculations return TRUE; // Initialization Went OK } int DrawGLScene(GLvoid) // Here's Where We Do All The Drawing { int ba,bb,bc,bd; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear Screen And Depth Buffer glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-300.0f); // Move Left 1.5 Units And Into The Screen 6.0 bc=bb=ba=0; glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); while(bc<=9999) { if(ax[bc]==1) { ba=bc%100; bb=(bc-ba)/100; glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Draw A Quad glVertex3f(-0.5f+ba, -0.5f+bb, -1.0f); // Top Left glVertex3f( -0.5f+ba, 0.5f+bb, -1.0f); // Top Right glVertex3f( 0.5f+ba,0.5f+bb, -1.0f); // Bottom Right glVertex3f(0.5f+ba,-0.5f+bb, -1.0f); // Bottom Left glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad } bc++; } return TRUE; // Keep Going } GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid) // Properly Kill The Window { if (fullscreen) // Are We In Fullscreen Mode? { ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); // If So Switch Back To The Desktop ShowCursor(TRUE); // Show Mouse Pointer } if (hRC) // Do We Have A Rendering Context? { if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) // Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts? { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Of DC And RC Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) // Are We Able To Delete The RC? { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Rendering Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } hRC=NULL; // Set RC To NULL } if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) // Are We Able To Release The DC { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Device Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hDC=NULL; // Set DC To NULL } if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) // Are We Able To Destroy The Window? { MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Release hWnd.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hWnd=NULL; // Set hWnd To NULL } if (!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) // Are We Able To Unregister Class { MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Unregister Class.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hInstance=NULL; // Set hInstance To NULL } } /* This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window. Parameters Are: * * title - Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window * * width - Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode * * height - Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode * * bits - Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32) * * fullscreenflag - Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE) */ BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag) { GLuint PixelFormat; // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match WNDCLASS wc; // Windows Class Structure DWORD dwExStyle; // Window Extended Style DWORD dwStyle; // Window Style RECT WindowRect; // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values WindowRect.left=(long)0; // Set Left Value To 0 WindowRect.right=(long)width; // Set Right Value To Requested Width WindowRect.top=(long)0; // Set Top Value To 0 WindowRect.bottom=(long)height; // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height fullscreen=fullscreenflag; // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); // Grab An Instance For Our Window wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window. wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) WndProc; // WndProc Handles Messages wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Set The Instance wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // Load The Default Icon wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // Load The Arrow Pointer wc.hbrBackground = NULL; // No Background Required For GL wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // We Don't Want A Menu wc.lpszClassName = "OpenGL"; // Set The Class Name if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) // Attempt To Register The Window Class { MessageBox(NULL,"Failed To Register The Window Class.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (fullscreen) // Attempt Fullscreen Mode? { DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; // Device Mode memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings); // Size Of The Devmode Structure dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; // Selected Screen Width dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; // Selected Screen Height dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; // Selected Bits Per Pixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT; // Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar. if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { // If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Use Windowed Mode. if (MessageBox(NULL,"The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By\nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?","NeHe GL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES) { fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode Selected. Fullscreen = FALSE } else { // Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing. MessageBox(NULL,"Program Will Now Close.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } } } if (fullscreen) // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode? { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW; // Window Extended Style dwStyle=WS_POPUP; // Windows Style ShowCursor(FALSE); // Hide Mouse Pointer } else { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; // Window Extended Style dwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // Windows Style } AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle); // Adjust Window To True Requested Size // Create The Window if (!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx( dwExStyle, // Extended Style For The Window "OpenGL", // Class Name title, // Window Title dwStyle | // Defined Window Style WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | // Required Window Style WS_CLIPCHILDREN, // Required Window Style 0, 0, // Window Position WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left, // Calculate Window Width WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top, // Calculate Window Height NULL, // No Parent Window NULL, // No Menu hInstance, // Instance NULL))) // Dont Pass Anything To WM_CREATE { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Error.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd= // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor 1, // Version Number PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | // Format Must Support Window PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | // Format Must Support OpenGL PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must Support Double Buffering PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request An RGBA Format bits, // Select Our Color Depth 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Color Bits Ignored 0, // No Alpha Buffer 0, // Shift Bit Ignored 0, // No Accumulation Buffer 0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation Bits Ignored 16, // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer) 0, // No Stencil Buffer 0, // No Auxiliary Buffer PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main Drawing Layer 0, // Reserved 0, 0, 0 // Layer Masks Ignored }; if (!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd))) // Did We Get A Device Context? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Device Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd))) // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd)) // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Set The PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC))) // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC)) // Try To Activate The Rendering Context { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW); // Show The Window SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); // Slightly Higher Priority SetFocus(hWnd); // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window ReSizeGLScene(width, height); // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen if (!InitGL()) // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Initialization Failed.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } return TRUE; // Success } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information { FILE *F; switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages { case WM_ACTIVATE: // Watch For Window Activate Message { if (!HIWORD(wParam)) // Check Minimization State { active=TRUE; // Program Is Active } else { active=FALSE; // Program Is No Longer Active } return 0; // Return To The Message Loop } case WM_SYSCOMMAND: { switch (wParam) { case SC_SCREENSAVE: case SC_MONITORPOWER: return 0; } break; } case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message? { PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message return 0; // Jump Back } case WM_CHAR: // Is A Key Being Held Down? { switch (wParam) { case 'w': { F=fopen("e:/a.gertt","rb"); fread(ax,sizeof(int),10000,F); fclose(F); break; } } return 0; } case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released? { return 0; // Jump Back } case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window { ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height return 0; // Jump Back } } // Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // Instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // Previous Instance LPSTR lpCmdLine, // Command Line Parameters int nCmdShow) // Window Show State { MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure BOOL done=FALSE; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop // Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Prefer if (MessageBox(NULL,"Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?", "Start FullScreen?",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO) { fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode } // Create Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's First Polygon Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } while(!done) // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE { if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting? { if (msg.message==WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message? { done=TRUE; // If So done=TRUE } else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages { TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message } } else // If There Are No Messages { // Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene() if ((active && !DrawGLScene()) || keys[VK_ESCAPE]) // Active? Was There A Quit Received? { done=TRUE; // ESC or DrawGLScene Signalled A Quit } else // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen { SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering) } if (keys[VK_F1]) // Is F1 Being Pressed? { keys[VK_F1]=FALSE; // If So Make Key FALSE KillGLWindow(); // Kill Our Current Window fullscreen=!fullscreen; // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode // Recreate Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's First Polygon Tutorial",800,600,32,fullscreen)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } } } } // Shutdown KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window return (msg.wParam); // Exit The Program }

#include // Header File For Windows #include // Header File For The OpenGL32 Library #include // Header File For The GLu32 Library #include // Header File For The Glaux Library #include HDC hDC=NULL; // Private GDI Device Context HGLRC hRC=NULL; // Permanent Rendering Context HWND hWnd=NULL; // Holds Our Window Handle HINSTANCE hInstance; // Holds The Instance Of The Application int x,y; int xx,yy; int chakela; int amd[200][200]; int rmd[200][200]; int gmd[200][200]; int bmd[200][200]; int yanser,yanseg,yanseb; FILE *zuojian; bool keys[256]; // Array Used For The Keyboard Routine bool active=TRUE; // Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Default bool fullscreen=TRUE; // Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By Default void aa(); void bb(); void cc(); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // Declaration For WndProc GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) // Resize And Initialize The GL Window { if (height==0) // Prevent A Divide By Zero By { height=1; // Making Height Equal One } glViewport(0,0,width,height); // Reset The Current Viewport glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // Select The Projection Matrix glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Projection Matrix // Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,1000.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // Select The Modelview Matrix glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Modelview Matrix } int InitGL(GLvoid) // All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here { glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enable Smooth Shading glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // Black Background glClearDepth(1.0f); // Depth Buffer Setup glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // The Type Of Depth Testing To Do glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // Really Nice Perspective Calculations return TRUE; // Initialization Went OK } int DrawGLScene(GLvoid) // Here's Where We Do All The Drawing { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear Screen And Depth Buffer glLoadIdentity(); glColor3f(0.5f,0.5f,1.0f); aa(); cc(); bb(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix return TRUE; // Keep Going } GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid) // Properly Kill The Window { if (fullscreen) // Are We In Fullscreen Mode? { ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); // If So Switch Back To The Desktop ShowCursor(TRUE); // Show Mouse Pointer } if (hRC) // Do We Have A Rendering Context? { if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) // Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts? { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Of DC And RC Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) // Are We Able To Delete The RC? { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Rendering Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } hRC=NULL; // Set RC To NULL } if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) // Are We Able To Release The DC { MessageBox(NULL,"Release Device Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hDC=NULL; // Set DC To NULL } if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) // Are We Able To Destroy The Window? { MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Release hWnd.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hWnd=NULL; // Set hWnd To NULL } if (!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) // Are We Able To Unregister Class { MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Unregister Class.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); hInstance=NULL; // Set hInstance To NULL } } /* This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window. Parameters Are: * * title - Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window * * width - Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode * * height - Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode * * bits - Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32) * * fullscreenflag - Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE) */ BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag) { GLuint PixelFormat; // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match WNDCLASS wc; // Windows Class Structure DWORD dwExStyle; // Window Extended Style DWORD dwStyle; // Window Style RECT WindowRect; // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values WindowRect.left=(long)0; // Set Left Value To 0 WindowRect.right=(long)width; // Set Right Value To Requested Width WindowRect.top=(long)0; // Set Top Value To 0 WindowRect.bottom=(long)height; // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height fullscreen=fullscreenflag; // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); // Grab An Instance For Our Window wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window. wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) WndProc; // WndProc Handles Messages wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Set The Instance wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // Load The Default Icon wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // Load The Arrow Pointer wc.hbrBackground = NULL; // No Background Required For GL wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // We Don't Want A Menu wc.lpszClassName = "OpenGL"; // Set The Class Name if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) // Attempt To Register The Window Class { MessageBox(NULL,"Failed To Register The Window Class.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (fullscreen) // Attempt Fullscreen Mode? { DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; // Device Mode memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings); // Size Of The Devmode Structure dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; // Selected Screen Width dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; // Selected Screen Height dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; // Selected Bits Per Pixel dmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT; // Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar. if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) { // If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Use Windowed Mode. if (MessageBox(NULL,"The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By\nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?","NeHe GL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES) { fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode Selected. Fullscreen = FALSE } else { // Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing. MessageBox(NULL,"Program Will Now Close.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } } } if (fullscreen) // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode? { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW; // Window Extended Style dwStyle=WS_POPUP; // Windows Style ShowCursor(FALSE); // Hide Mouse Pointer } else { dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; // Window Extended Style dwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // Windows Style } AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle); // Adjust Window To True Requested Size // Create The Window if (!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx( dwExStyle, // Extended Style For The Window "OpenGL", // Class Name title, // Window Title dwStyle | // Defined Window Style WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | // Required Window Style WS_CLIPCHILDREN, // Required Window Style 0, 0, // Window Position WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left, // Calculate Window Width WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top, // Calculate Window Height NULL, // No Parent Window NULL, // No Menu hInstance, // Instance NULL))) // Dont Pass Anything To WM_CREATE { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Error.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd= // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor 1, // Version Number PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | // Format Must Support Window PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | // Format Must Support OpenGL PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must Support Double Buffering PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request An RGBA Format bits, // Select Our Color Depth 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Color Bits Ignored 0, // No Alpha Buffer 0, // Shift Bit Ignored 0, // No Accumulation Buffer 0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation Bits Ignored 16, // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer) 0, // No Stencil Buffer 0, // No Auxiliary Buffer PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main Drawing Layer 0, // Reserved 0, 0, 0 // Layer Masks Ignored }; if (!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd))) // Did We Get A Device Context? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Device Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd))) // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd)) // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Set The PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if (!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC))) // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context? { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC)) // Try To Activate The Rendering Context { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW); // Show The Window SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); // Slightly Higher Priority SetFocus(hWnd); // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window ReSizeGLScene(width, height); // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen if (!InitGL()) // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window { KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display MessageBox(NULL,"Initialization Failed.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); return FALSE; // Return FALSE } return TRUE; // Success } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information { switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages { case WM_CHAR: // Is A Key Being Held Down? { switch (wParam) { case 'a': { zuojian=fopen("c:/a.txt","wb+"); fwrite(amd,4,40000,zuojian); fwrite(rmd,4,40000,zuojian); fwrite(gmd,4,40000,zuojian); fwrite(bmd,4,40000,zuojian); fclose(zuojian); MessageBox(hWnd,"ok","ok",0); break; } case 'q': { zuojian=fopen("c:/a.txt","rb+"); fread(amd,4,40000,zuojian); fread(rmd,4,40000,zuojian); fread(gmd,4,40000,zuojian); fread(bmd,4,40000,zuojian); fclose(zuojian); MessageBox(hWnd,"ok","ok",0); break; } break; } return 0; } case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { chakela=1; // amd[LOWORD(lParam)/10][HIWORD(lParam)/10]=1; //MessageBox(0,"cvxcv","fgfd",2); return 0; } case WM_MOUSEMOVE : { xx=LOWORD(lParam)/10; yy=HIWORD(lParam)/10; if(chakela==1) { amd[xx][yy]=1; rmd[xx][yy]=yanser; gmd[xx][yy]=yanseg; bmd[xx][yy]=yanseb; } return 0; } case WM_LBUTTONUP: { chakela=0; //MessageBox(0,"cvxcv","fgfd",2); return 0; } case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: { if(xx<=5) { yanser=yy; } if(xx5) yanseg=yy; } if(xx10) yanseb=yy; } return 0; } case WM_ACTIVATE: // Watch For Window Activate Message { if (!HIWORD(wParam)) // Check Minimization State { active=TRUE; // Program Is Active } else { active=FALSE; // Program Is No Longer Active } return 0; // Return To The Message Loop } case WM_SYSCOMMAND: // Intercept System Commands { switch (wParam) // Check System Calls { case SC_SCREENSAVE: // Screensaver Trying To Start? case SC_MONITORPOWER: // Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave? return 0; // Prevent From Happening } break; // Exit } case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message? { PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message return 0; // Jump Back } case WM_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down? { keys[wParam] = TRUE; // If So, Mark It As TRUE return 0; // Jump Back } case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released? { keys[wParam] = FALSE; // If So, Mark It As FALSE return 0; // Jump Back } case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window { ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height return 0; // Jump Back } } // Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, // Instance HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // Previous Instance LPSTR lpCmdLine, // Command Line Parameters int nCmdShow) // Window Show State { MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure BOOL done=FALSE; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop // Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Prefer if (MessageBox(NULL,"Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?", "Start FullScreen?",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO) { fullscreen=FALSE; // Windowed Mode } // Create Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Color Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } while(!done) // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE { if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting? { if (msg.message==WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message? { done=TRUE; // If So done=TRUE } else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages { TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message } } else // If There Are No Messages { // Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene() if ((active && !DrawGLScene()) || keys[VK_ESCAPE]) // Active? Was There A Quit Received? { done=TRUE; // ESC or DrawGLScene Signalled A Quit } else // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen { SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering) } if (keys[VK_F1]) // Is F1 Being Pressed? { keys[VK_F1]=FALSE; // If So Make Key FALSE KillGLWindow(); // Kill Our Current Window fullscreen=!fullscreen; // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode // Recreate Our OpenGL Window if (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Color Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)) { return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created } } } } // Shutdown KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window return (msg.wParam); // Exit The Program } void aa() { x=y=0; while(x<200) { while(y<200) { if(amd[x][y]==1) { glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(x,-y,-200.0f); glColor3f(rmd[x][y]/50.0f,gmd[x][y]/50.0f,bmd[x][y]/50.0f); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(-1, 1, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1, 1, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1,-1, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1,-1, 0.0f); glEnd(); } y++; } y=0; x++;} } void bb() { glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(xx,-yy,-200.0f); glColor3f(1,1,0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(-1, 1, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1, 1, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1,-1, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1,-1, 0.0f); glEnd(); } void cc() { glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(0,0,-201.0f); glColor3f(1,0,0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(0, -50, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 0, 0, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 5,0, 0.0f); glVertex3f(5,-50, 0.0f); glEnd(); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(5,0,-201.0f); glColor3f(0,1,0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(0, -50, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 0, 0, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 5,0, 0.0f); glVertex3f(5,-50, 0.0f); glEnd(); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(10,0,-201.0f); glColor3f(0,0,1); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glVertex3f(0, -50, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 0, 0, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 5,0, 0.0f); glVertex3f(5,-50, 0.0f); glEnd(); }

视点变换，旋转，加速减速，星空背景太阳，光晕各行星纹理 #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib") #pragma comment(lib,"wininet") // 纹理图像结构 typedef struct { int imgWidth; // 纹理宽度 int imgHeight; // 纹理高度 unsigned char byteCount; // 每个象素对应的字节数，3：24位图，4：带alpha通道的24位图 unsigned char *data; // 纹理数据 }TEXTUREIMAGE; // BMP文件头 #pragma pack(2) typedef struct { unsigned short bfType; // 文件类型 unsigned long bfSize; // 文件大小 unsigned short bfReserved1; // 保留位 unsigned short bfReserved2; // 保留位 unsigned long bfOffBits; // 数据偏移位置 }BMPFILEHEADER; #pragma pack() // BMP信息头 typedef struct { unsigned long biSize; // 此结构大小 long biWidth; // 图像宽度 long biHeight; // 图像高度 unsigned short biPlanes; // 调色板数量 unsigned short biBitCount; // 每个象素对应的位数，24：24位图，32：带alpha通道的24位图 unsigned long biCompression; // 压缩 unsigned long biSizeImage; // 图像大小 long biXPelsPerMeter;// 横向分辨率 long biYPelsPerMeter;// 纵向分辨率 unsigned long biClrUsed; // 颜色使用数 unsigned long biClrImportant; // 重要颜色数 }BMPINFOHEADER; // 定义窗口的标题、宽度、高度、全屏布尔变量 #define WIN_TITLE "模拟太阳系各星球的转动" const int WIN_WIDTH = 800; const int WIN_HEIGHT = 600; BOOL isFullScreen = FALSE; // 初始不为全屏 #define DEG_TO_RAD 0.017453 float angle=0.0; static GLdouble viewer[]= {0,0,0,0,0}; // 初始化视角 GLUquadricObj *quadric; // 建立二次曲面对象 GLfloat angle_Z; // 星空旋转角度 bool g_bOrbitOn = true; // 控制转动暂停 float g_fSpeedmodifier = 1.0f; // 时间控制 float g_fElpasedTime; double g_dCurrentTime; double g_dLastTime; GLfloat LightAmbient[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; // 环境光参数 GLfloat LightDiffuse[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; // 漫射光参数 GLfloat LightPosition[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; // 光源的位置 // 纹理图象 TEXTUREIMAGE skyImg; TEXTUREIMAGE sunImg; TEXTUREIMAGE rayImg; TEXTUREIMAGE mercuImg; TEXTUREIMAGE venusImg; TEXTUREIMAGE earthImg; TEXTUREIMAGE marsImg; TEXTUREIMAGE jupiterImg; TEXTUREIMAGE saturnImg; TEXTUREIMAGE uranusImg; TEXTUREIMAGE neptuneImg; TEXTUREIMAGE moonImg; GLuint texture[12]; // 纹理数组 // 星球速度定义 static float fSunSpin = 0.0f; // 太阳自转速度 static float fMercuSpin = 0.0f; // 水星自转速度 static float fMercuOrbit = 0.0f; // 水星公转速度 static float fVenusSpin = 0.0f; // 金星自转速度 static float fVenusOrbit = 0.0f; // 金星公转速度 static float fEarthSpin = 0.0f; // 地球自转速度 static float fEarthOrbit = 0.0f; // 地球公转速度 static float fMarsSpin = 0.0f; // 火星自转速度 static float fMarsOrbit = 0.0f; // 火星公转速度 static float fJupiterSpin = 0.0f; // 木星自转速度 static float fJupiterOrbit = 0.0f; // 木星公转速度 static float fSaturnSpin = 0.0f; // 土星自转速度 static float fSaturnOrbit = 0.0f; // 土星公转速度 static float fUranusSpin = 0.0f; // 天王星自转速度 static float fUranusOrbit = 0.0f; // 天王星公转速度 static float fNeptuneSpin = 0.0f; // 海王星自转速度 static float fNeptuneOrbit = 0.0f; // 海王星公转速度 static float fMoonSpin = 0.0f; // 月亮自转速度 static float fMoonOrbit = 0.0f; // 月亮公转速度 void MakeTexture(TEXTUREIMAGE textureImg, GLuint * texName) //转换为纹理 { glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1); //对齐像素字节函数 glGenTextures(1,texName); //第一个参数指定表明获取多少个连续的纹理标识符 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D , *texName); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, textureImg.imgWidth,textureImg.imgHeight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureImg.data); } // 初始化OpenGL void InitGL(void) { glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); //设置黑色背景 glClearDepth(2.0f); // 设置深度缓存 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); //启动深度测试 glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); //深度小或相等的时候渲染 glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); //启动阴影平滑 glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //开启剔除操作效果 glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); //使用质量最好的模式指定颜色和纹理坐标的插值质量 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient); // 设置环境光 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse); // 设置漫反射光 glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // 打开光照 glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); // 打开光源1 // 载入纹理 glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // 开启2D纹理映射 MakeTexture(skyImg, &texture;[0]); MakeTexture(sunImg, &texture;[1]); MakeTexture(rayImg, &texture;[2]); MakeTexture(mercuImg, &texture;[3]); MakeTexture(venusImg, &texture;[4]); MakeTexture(earthImg, &texture;[5]); MakeTexture(marsImg, &texture;[6]); MakeTexture(jupiterImg, &texture;[7]); MakeTexture(saturnImg, &texture;[8]); MakeTexture(uranusImg, &texture;[9]); MakeTexture(neptuneImg, &texture;[10]); MakeTexture(moonImg, &texture;[11]); quadric = gluNewQuadric(); // 建立一个曲面对象指针 gluQuadricTexture(quadric, GLU_TRUE); // 建立纹理坐标 gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadric, GLU_FILL); // 面填充 } void Display(void) { glLoadIdentity(); // 设置观察点的位置和观察的方向 gluLookAt(viewer[0],viewer[1],viewer[2],viewer[3],viewer[4],-5,0,1,0); //摄像机x,摄像机y,摄像机z, 目标点x,目标点y,目标点z, 摄像机顶朝向x,摄像机顶朝向y,摄像机顶朝向z // 获得系统时间使太阳系有动态效果 g_dCurrentTime = timeGetTime(); g_fElpasedTime = (float)((g_dCurrentTime - g_dLastTime) * 0.0005); g_dLastTime = g_dCurrentTime; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW ); //指定GL_MODELVIEW是下一个矩阵操作的目标 glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f); // 将坐标系移入屏幕5.0f glRotatef(10, 1.0f ,0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕x轴旋转10度 glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); // 打开光源0 /**********************************绘制背景星空********************************************/ glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型矩阵入栈 glTranslatef(-10.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(angle_Z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); // 星空纹理 glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f( 50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(50.0f, -50.0f, -50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(50.0f, 50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(6.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(50.0f, -50.0f, 50.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 6.0f); glVertex3f(50.0f, 50.0f, -50.0f); glEnd(); glPopMatrix (); // 当前模型矩阵出栈 /**********************************绘制太阳************************************************/ glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); // 光晕纹理 glEnable(GL_BLEND); // 开启混合 glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // 关闭深度测试 // 绘制太阳光晕 glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); // 关闭光照 glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE); // 半透明混合函数 glColor4f(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f); // 设置RGBA值 glBegin(GL_QUADS); glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glEnd(); glDisable(GL_BLEND); // 关闭混合 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // 开启光照 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, LightPosition); // 设置光源1位置 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); // 太阳纹理 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fSunSpin角度,控制太阳自转 glRotatef(fSunSpin,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluSphere(quadric, 0.3f, 32, 32); // 绘制太阳球体 /**********************************绘制水星************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fMercuOrbit角度,控制水星公转 glRotatef(fMercuOrbit, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移0.5f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[3]); // 水星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fMercuSpin角度控制水星自转 glRotatef(fMercuSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.04f, 32, 32); // 水星球体 glPopMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵出栈 // 绘制轨道 glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(0.5f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,0.5f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制金星************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fVenusOrbit角度,控制金星公转 glRotatef(fVenusOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移0.8f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[4]); // 金星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fVenusSpin角度,控制金星自转 glRotatef(fVenusSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.06f, 32, 32); // 金星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(0.8f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,0.8f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制地球************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fEarthOrbit角度,控制地球公转 glRotatef(fEarthOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);// 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(1.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移1.1f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[5]); // 地球纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fEarthSpin角度,控制地球自转 glRotatef(fEarthSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.08f, 32, 32); // 地球球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(1.1f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,1.1f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制火星************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fMarsOrbit角度,控制火星公转 glRotatef(fMarsOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(1.4f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移1.4f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[6]); // 火星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fMarsSpin角度,控制火星自转 glRotatef(fMarsSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.04f, 32, 32); // 火星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(1.4f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,1.4f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制木星************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fJupiterOrbit角度,控制木星公转 glRotatef(fJupiterOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(1.7f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移1.7f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[7]); // 木星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fJupiterSpin角度,控制木星自转 glRotatef(fJupiterSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.13f, 32, 32); // 木星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(1.7f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,1.7f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制土星************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fSaturnOrbit角度,控制土星公转 glRotatef(fSaturnOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(1.9f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移1.9f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[8]); // 土星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fSaturnSpin角度,控制土星自转 glRotatef(fSaturnSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.1f, 32, 32); // 土星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(1.9f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,1.9f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制天王星**********************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fUranusOrbit角度,控制天王星公转 glRotatef(fUranusOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(2.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移2.1f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[9]); // 天王星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fUranusSpin角度,控制天王星自转 glRotatef(fUranusSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.1f, 32, 32); // 天王星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(2.1f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,2.1f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制海王星**********************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // 开启纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 当前模型视图矩阵入栈 // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fNeptuneOrbit角度,控制海王星公转 glRotatef(fNeptuneOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(-90.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度 glTranslatef(2.3f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移2.3f glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[10]); // 海王星纹理 // 将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fNeptuneSpin角度,控制海王星自转 glRotatef(fNeptuneSpin , 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.08f, 32, 32); // 海王星球体 glPopMatrix (); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(angle=0;angle<=360;angle++) glVertex3f(2.3f*sin(DEG_TO_RAD*angle),0,2.3f*cos(DEG_TO_RAD*angle)); glEnd(); /**********************************绘制月亮************************************************/ glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D ); // glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[11]); // 月亮纹理 glPushMatrix (); // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fEarthOrbit角度,控制月亮跟随地球 glRotatef(fEarthOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTranslatef(1.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系右移1.1f // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fMoonOrbit角度,控制月亮公转 glRotatef(fMoonOrbit , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTranslatef(0.15f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // 将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fMoonSpin角度,控制月亮自转 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[11]); glRotatef(fMoonSpin , 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); gluSphere(quadric, 0.02, 32, 32); // 月亮球体 glPopMatrix (); // 控制各星球转动的速度 if( g_bOrbitOn == true ) { fSunSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 10.0f); fMercuSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 15.0f); fMercuOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 40.0f); fVenusSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 10.0f); fVenusOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 30.0f); fEarthSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 100.0f); fEarthOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 20.0f); fMarsSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 30.0f); fMarsOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 50.0f); fJupiterSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 90.0f); fJupiterOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 35.0f); fSaturnSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 90.0f); fSaturnOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 25.0f); fUranusSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 70.0f); fUranusOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 15.0f); fNeptuneSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 40.0f); fNeptuneOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 5.0f); fMoonSpin -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 50.0f); fMoonOrbit -= g_fSpeedmodifier * (g_fElpasedTime * 200.0f); } angle_Z += 0.01f; // 星空旋转 glutSwapBuffers(); // 交换双缓存 glFlush(); } void Reshape(int width, int height) { if (height==0) height=1; // 改变窗口 glViewport(0,0,width,height); // 设置视口 // 设置投影矩阵 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(viewer[0],viewer[1],viewer[2],viewer[3],viewer[4],-5,0,1,0); } void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) { switch(key) { case 'r': case 'R': // 视点上下左右移动 if(viewer[0]=-6.0) viewer[0]-=0.5; break; case 'u': case 'U': if(viewer[1]=-6.0) viewer[1]-=0.1; break; case'+': case '=': // 加速,减速,暂停 g_fSpeedmodifier+=1.0f; glutPostRedisplay(); break; case ' ': g_bOrbitOn = !g_bOrbitOn; glutPostRedisplay(); break; case'-': //按'-'减小运行速度 g_fSpeedmodifier-=1.0f; glutPostRedisplay(); break; case VK_ESCAPE: // 按ESC键时退出 exit(0); break; default: break; } } void special_keys(int s_keys, int x, int y) { switch(s_keys) { case GLUT_KEY_F1: // 按F1键时切换窗口/全屏模式 if(isFullScreen) { glutReshapeWindow(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT); glutPositionWindow(30, 30); isFullScreen = FALSE; } else { glutFullScreen(); isFullScreen = TRUE; } break; case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: // 视角上下左右旋转 if(viewer[3]=-3.0) viewer[3]-=0.1; break; case GLUT_KEY_UP: if(viewer[4]=-4.5) viewer[4]-=0.1; break; default: break; } } void mouse(int btn, int state, int x, int y) // 远近视角 { if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) viewer[2]+=0.3; if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN&&viewer;[2]>=-3.9) viewer[2]-=0.3; } void LoadBmp(char *filename, TEXTUREIMAGE *textureImg) // 载入图片 { int i, j; FILE *file; BMPFILEHEADER bmpFile; BMPINFOHEADER bmpInfo; int pixel_size; // 初始化纹理数据 textureImg->imgWidth = 0; textureImg->imgHeight = 0; if (textureImg->data != NULL) { delete []textureImg->data; } // 打开文件 file = fopen(filename, "rb"); if (file == NULL) { return; } // 获取文件头 rewind(file); fread(&bmpFile;, sizeof(BMPFILEHEADER), 1, file); fread(&bmpInfo;, sizeof(BMPINFOHEADER), 1, file); // 验证文件类型 if (bmpFile.bfType != 0x4D42) { return; } // 获取图像色彩数 pixel_size = bmpInfo.biBitCount >> 3; // 读取文件数据 textureImg->data = new unsigned char[bmpInfo.biWidth * bmpInfo.biHeight * pixel_size]; for(i = 0 ; i < bmpInfo.biHeight; i++) { fseek(file, bmpFile.bfOffBits + (bmpInfo.biHeight - i - 1) * bmpInfo.biWidth * pixel_size, SEEK_SET); for (j = 0; j data + (i * bmpInfo.biWidth + j) * pixel_size + 2, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); // 绿色分量 fread(textureImg->data + (i * bmpInfo.biWidth + j) * pixel_size + 1, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); // 蓝色分量 fread(textureImg->data + (i * bmpInfo.biWidth + j) * pixel_size + 0, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); // Alpha分量 if (pixel_size == 4) { fread(textureImg->data + (i * bmpInfo.biWidth + j) * pixel_size + 3, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); } } } // 记录图像相关参数 textureImg->imgWidth = bmpInfo.biWidth; textureImg->imgHeight = bmpInfo.biHeight; textureImg->byteCount = pixel_size; fclose(file); } // 程序主函数 void main(int argc, char** argv) { //读图片 LoadBmp("Picture//Sky.bmp" , &skyImg;); LoadBmp("Picture//Sun.bmp" , &sunImg;); LoadBmp("Picture//Ray.bmp" , &rayImg;); LoadBmp("Picture//Mercu.bmp" , &mercuImg;); LoadBmp("Picture//Venus.bmp" , &venusImg;); //金星 LoadBmp("Picture//Earth.bmp" , &earthImg;); LoadBmp("Picture//Mars.bmp" , &marsImg;); //火星 LoadBmp("Picture//Jupiter.bmp" , &jupiterImg;); //木星 LoadBmp("Picture//Saturn.bmp" , &saturnImg;); //土星 LoadBmp("Picture//Uranus.bmp" , &uranusImg;); //天王星 LoadBmp("Picture//Neptune.bmp" , &neptuneImg;); //海王星 LoadBmp("Picture//Moon.bmp" , &moonImg;); glutInit(&argc;, argv); // 初始化GLUT库 glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH); // 初始化显示模式 glutInitWindowSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT); // 初始化窗口大小 glutInitWindowPosition(20,20); // 初始化窗口位置 GLuint window = glutCreateWindow(WIN_TITLE); // 建立窗口 InitGL(); // 初始化OpenGL glutDisplayFunc(Display); glutReshapeFunc(Reshape); glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard); glutSpecialFunc(special_keys); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glutIdleFunc(Display); // 设置窗口空闲时的处理函数 glutMainLoop(); // 进入事件处理循环 }

今晚上踩了一个关于glClearDepth的坑，本以为glClearDepth是基于世界坐标系而进行运作的，结果发现竟然是基于eye space的，即视觉坐标系，它的深度计算法则是：按照摄像机的指向，物体离摄像机的距离而进行计算的，以右手坐标系为例子，z轴正方向指向屏幕外。此时，若摄像机的z坐标值为3.0f,指向原点，那么若物体A的z坐标值为2.0f的话，那么它的depth值则应该为1.0f...

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