Python爬虫可视化第1季-城市旅游数据分析

2301_77724032 2023-05-03 19:01:25

前言：

本着跟大家一同探讨学习的态度，今后几期文章会更新一些用python实现爬虫&可视化的文章。Python对于本人来讲也是一个在逐渐学习掌握的过程，这次的内容就从旅游开始讲起，进入正文前首先附（fang）上（du）最令我垂涎欲滴的海鲜盛宴。

数据爬取：

最近几天朋友圈被大家的旅行足迹刷屏了，惊叹于那些把全国所有省基本走遍的朋友。与此同时，也萌生了写一篇旅行相关的内容，本次数据来源于一个对于爬虫十分友好的旅行攻略类网站：蚂蜂窝

PART1：获得城市编号

蚂蜂窝中的所有城市、景点以及其他的一些信息都有一个专属的5位数字编号，我们第一步要做的就是获取城市（直辖市+地级市）的编号，进行后续的进一步分析。

def find_cat_url(url):     headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}     req=request.Request(url,headers=headers)     html=urlopen(req)     bsObj=BeautifulSoup(html.read(),"html.parser")    bs = bsObj.find('div',attrs={'class':'hot-list clearfix'}).find_all('dt')    cat_url = []    cat_name = []for i in range(0,len(bs)):for j in range(0,len(bs[i].find_all('a'))):            cat_url.append(bs[i].find_all('a')[j].attrs['href'])            cat_name.append(bs[i].find_all('a')[j].text)    cat_url = ['http://www.mafengwo.cn'+cat_url[i] for i in range(0,len(cat_url))] return cat_urldef find_city_url(url_list):    city_name_list = []    city_url_list = []for i in range(0,len(url_list)):         driver = webdriver.Chrome()        driver.maximize_window()        url = url_list[i].replace('travel-scenic-spot/mafengwo','mdd/citylist')        driver.get(url)while True:try:                time.sleep(2)                bs = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source,'html.parser')                url_set = bs.find_all('a',attrs={'data-type':'目的地'})                city_name_list = city_name_list +[url_set[i].text.replace('\n','').split()[0] for i in range(0,len(url_set))]                city_url_list = city_url_list+[url_set[i].attrs['data-id'] for i in range(0,len(url_set))]                 js="var q=document.documentElement.scrollTop=800"                 driver.execute_script(js)                time.sleep(2)                driver.find_element_by_class_name('pg-next').click()except:break        driver.close()return city_name_list,city_url_listurl = 'http://www.mafengwo.cn/mdd/'url_list = find_cat_url(url)city_name_list,city_url_list=find_city_url(url_list)city = pd.DataFrame({'city':city_name_list,'id':city_url_list})

每一个HTML文档中，都有一个不可或缺的标签：<head>，在几乎所有的HTML文档里，我们都可以看到类似下面这段代码：

html{color:#000;overflow-y:scroll;overflow:-moz-scrollbars}
body,button,input,select,textarea{font-size:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:100%}
em{font-style:normal}
small{font-size:12px}
ol,ul{list-style:none}
a{text-decoration:none}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
legend{color:#000}
fieldset,img{border:0}
button,input,select,textarea{font-size:100%}
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
textarea{resize:vertical}
.left{float:left}
.right{float:right}
.overflow{overflow:hidden}
.hide{display:none}
.block{display:block}
.inline{display:inline}
.error{color:red;font-size:12px}
button,label{cursor:pointer}
.clearfix:after{content:'\20';display:block;height:0;clear:both}
.clearfix{zoom:1}
.clear{clear:both;height:0;line-height:0;font-size:0;visibility:hidden;overflow:hidden}
.wordwrap{word-break:break-all;word-wrap:break-word}
.s-yahei{font-family:arial,'Microsoft Yahei','微软雅黑'}
pre.wordwrap{white-space:pre-wrap}
body{text-align:center;background:#fff;width:100%}
body,form{position:relative;z-index:0}
td{text-align:left}
img{border:0}
#s_wrap{position:relative;z-index:0;min-width:1000px}
#wrapper{height:100%}
#head .s-ps-islite{_padding-bottom:370px}
#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite{padding-bottom:370px}#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite #s_lm_wrap{bottom:298px;background:0 0!important;filter:none!important}#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite .s_form{position:relative;z-index:1}#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite .fm{position:absolute;bottom:0}#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite .s-p-top{position:absolute;bottom:40px;width:100%;height:181px}#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite #s_lg_img,#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite#s_lg_img_aging,#head_wrapper.s-ps-islite #s_lg_img_new{position:static;margin:33px auto 0 auto}.s_lm_hide{display:none!important}#head_wrapper.s-down #s_lm_wrap{display:none}.s-lite-version #m{padding-top:125px}#s_lg_img,#s_lg_img_aging,#s_lg_img_new{position:absolute;bottom:10px;left:50%;margin-left:-135px}<head><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html; charset=utf-8><meta name=renderer content=webkit/><meta name=force-rendering content=webkit/><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=edge,chrome=1/><metahttp-equiv=Content-Typecontent=www.zyhsqjfw.com;charset=gb2312><meta name=viewport content=width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no></head>.s-ps-sug table{width:100%;background:#fff;cursor:default}.s-ps-sug td{color:#000;font:14px arial;height:25px;line-height:25px;padding:0 8px}.s-ps-sug td b{color:#000}.s-ps-sug .mo{background:#ebebeb;cursor:pointer}.s-ps-sug .ml{background:#fff}.s-ps-sug td.sug_storage{color:#7a77c8}.s-ps-sug td.sug_storage b{color:#7a77c8}.s-ps-sug .sug_del{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-decoration:underline;float:right;cursor:pointer;display:none}.s-ps-sug .sug_del{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-decoration:underline;float:right;cursor:pointer;display:none}.s-ps-sug .mo .sug_del{display:block}
.s-ps-sug .sug_ala{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}

head标签作为一个容器，主要包含了用于描述 HTML 文档自身信息（元数据）的标签，这些标签一般不会在页面中被显示出来。

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