■■■frame问题■■■

datamoon 2005-04-28 04:48:41

如果使左边frame里的连接只能在右边打开，按shift键也只能在右边打开？

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datamoon 2005-04-28

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to sun94510451

晕。为什么要禁止呢，你看CSDN的效果

sun94510451 2005-04-28

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非要那样，只有禁止 Shift和右键了。

datamoon 2005-04-28

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........

datamoon 2005-04-28

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UP，还有其他人关注一下吗？

datamoon 2005-04-28

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能打开，但是还是处在frame里，而不是另开的一个只显示连接的页呀。

leo963258 2005-04-28

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右键还是能打开啊

datamoon 2005-04-28

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to leo963258(读书之人)
你试一下CSDN的看看。

datamoon 2005-04-28

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<frameset cols="121,*" framespacing="0" border="0">
<frame name="menu" src="../min/menu.asp" marginwidth="10" marginheight="10" scrolling="auto" frameborder="yes" target="content" >

<frame name="content" src="../min/first.asp" marginwidth="10" marginheight="10" scrolling="auto" frameborder="js">
</frameset>

指定了，当按了shift的时候，还是会重新弹个出窗口。象CSDN那样，只能在右边打开。

ryuginka 2005-04-28

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TARGET指定一下

leo963258 2005-04-28

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晕,,
用shift的Ascii码来,判断!!

就算你把shift改变了。你点右键,在新的窗口打还不是一样没有用!!!!

1st International Symposium oil Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics. Image mosaic is a very important step In big frame Image measurement,its precision has a great effeet on the measurement precision.twice matchim,gall make the mosaic suture precision beyond the pixel dimensions.And the pixeis’gray requirement rebuilding based on pixel position end pixel area distribufion ■lie has a great help to raise the measurement precision.

About the Author ...............................................................................................................xiii About the Technical Reviewer ............................................................................................ xv Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ xvii ■■Part 1: Getting Comfortable .......................................................................... 1 ■■Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Vision and OpenCV ..................................................3 Why Was This Book Written? .........................................................................................................3 OpenCV ..........................................................................................................................................4 History of OpenCV ..................................................................................................................................................4 Built-in Modules ....................................................................................................................................................4 Summary .......................................................................................................................................5 ■■Chapter 2: Setting up OpenCV on Your Computer ..............................................................7 Operating Systems ........................................................................................................................7 Ubuntu ...................................................................................................................................................................7 Windows ..............................................................................................................................................................12 Mac OSX ..............................................................................................................................................................12 Summary .....................................................................................................................................12 ■■Chapter 3: CV Bling—OpenCV Inbuilt Demos ..................................................................13 Camshift ......................................................................................................................................13 Stereo Matching ..........................................................................................................................16 Homography Estimation in Video ................................................................................................16 Circle and Line Detection ............................................................................................................18 Image Segmentation ...................................................................................................................19 Bounding Box and Circle .............................................................................................................21 Image Inpainting .........................................................................................................................21 Summary .....................................................................................................................................22 ■■Chapter 4: Basic Operations on Images and GUI Windows ..............................................23 Displaying Images from Disk in a Window ..................................................................................23 The cv::Mat Structure ..................................................................................................................24 Creating a cv::Mat ...............................................................................................................................................25 Accessing elements of a cv::Mat ......................................................................................................................... 25 Expressions with cv::Mat ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Converting Between Color-spaces ..............................................................................................26 GUI Track-Bars and Callback Functions ......................................................................................27 Callback Functions .............................................................................................................................................27 ROIs: Cropping a Rectangular Portion out of an Image ...............................................................30 Region of Interest in an Image ............................................................................................................................ 30 Accessing Individual Pixels of an Image .....................................................................................33 Exercise ...............................................................................................................................................................33 Videos ..........................................................................................................................................34 Displaying the Feed from Your Webcam or USB Camera/File .............................................................................. 34 Writing Videos to Disk ..........................................................................................................................................36 Summary .....................................................................................................................................37 ■■ Part 2: Advanced Computer Vision Problems and Coding Them in OpenCV ......................................................................................... 39 ■■Chapter 5: Image Filtering ...............................................................................................41 Image Filters ...............................................................................................................................41 Blurring Images ...................................................................................................................................................45 Resizing Images—Up and Down ......................................................................................................................... 48 Eroding and Dilating Images ................................................................................................................................ 49 Detecting Edges and Corners Efficiently in Images ............................................................................................. 51 Edges ...................................................................................................................................................................51 Canny Edges ........................................................................................................................................................56 Corners ................................................................................................................................................................57 Object Detector App ....................................................................................................................60 Morphological Opening and Closing of Images to Remove Noise ...............................................63 Summary .....................................................................................................................................65 ■■Chapter 6: Shapes in Images ...........................................................................................67 Contours ......................................................................................................................................67 Point Polygon Test ...............................................................................................................................................70 Hough Transform .........................................................................................................................74 Detecting Lines with Hough Transform ................................................................................................................ 74 Detecting Circles with Hough Transform ............................................................................................................. 77 Generalized Hough Transform .....................................................................................................80 RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) .......................................................................................80 Bounding Boxes and Circles ........................................................................................................91 Convex Hulls ................................................................................................................................92 Summary .....................................................................................................................................93 ■■Chapter 7: Image Segmentation and Histograms ............................................................95 Image Segmentation ...................................................................................................................95 Simple Segmentation by Thresholding ................................................................................................................ 96 Floodfill ..............................................................................................................................................................100 Watershed Segmentation .................................................................................................................................. 103 GrabCut Segmentation ......................................................................................................................................110 Histograms ................................................................................................................................111 Equalizing Histograms .......................................................................................................................................111 Histogram Backprojections ............................................................................................................................... 113 Meanshift and Camshift ....................................................................................................................................116 Summary ...................................................................................................................................117 ■■Chapter 8: B asic Machine Learning and Object D etection Based on Keypoints ............119 Keypoints and Keypoint Descriptors: Introduction and Terminology .........................................119 General Terms ....................................................................................................................................................120 How Does the Keypoint-Based Method Work? .................................................................................................. 120 SIFT Keypoints and Descriptors ................................................................................................121 Keypoint Detection and Orientation Estimation ................................................................................................. 121 SIFT Keypoint Descriptors ................................................................................................................................. 125 Matching SIFT Descriptors ................................................................................................................................ 125 SURF Keypoints and Descriptors ...............................................................................................131 SURF Keypoint Detection ...................................................................................................................................131 SURF Descriptor ................................................................................................................................................134 ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) ...................................................................................136 Oriented FAST Keypoints ...................................................................................................................................137 BRIEF Descriptors ..............................................................................................................................................137 Basic Machine Learning ............................................................................................................140 SVMs ..................................................................................................................................................................141 Object Categorization ................................................................................................................142 Strategy .............................................................................................................................................................142 Organization ......................................................................................................................................................143 Summary ...................................................................................................................................153 ■■ Chapter 9: Affine and Perspective Transformations and Their Applications to Image Panoramas .....................................................................................................155 Affine Transforms ......................................................................................................................155 Applying Affine Transforms ................................................................................................................................ 156 Estimating Affine Transforms ............................................................................................................................. 158 Perspective Transforms .............................................................................................................161 Panoramas ................................................................................................................................166 Summary ...................................................................................................................................172 ■■Chapter 10: 3D Geometry and Stereo Vision .................................................................173 Single Camera Calibration .........................................................................................................173 OpenCV Implementation of Single Camera Calibration ...................................................................................... 176 Stereo Vision .............................................................................................................................179 Triangulation ......................................................................................................................................................179 Calibration .........................................................................................................................................................180 Rectification and Disparity by Matching ............................................................................................................ 186 Summary ...................................................................................................................................200 ■■ Chapter 11: Embedded Computer Vision: Running OpenCV Programs on the Raspberry Pi ................................................................................................................. 201 Raspberry Pi ..............................................................................................................................202 Setting Up Your New Raspberry Pi ............................................................................................202 Installing Raspbian on the Pi ............................................................................................................................. 203 Initial Settings ....................................................................................................................................................204 Installing OpenCV ...............................................................................................................................................205 Camera board ............................................................................................................................206 Camera Board vs. USB Camera ......................................................................................................................... 207 Frame-Rate Comparisons .................................................................................................................................. 214 Usage Examples ........................................................................................................................215 Color-based Object Detector .............................................................................................................................. 216 ORB Keypoint-based Object Detector ................................................................................................................ 217 Summary ...................................................................................................................................218 Index .................................................................................................................................219

National_Semiconductor的一款网络芯片的技术手册。1.0 Pin Descriptions m 9 1.1 Serial Management Interface 9 1.2 MAC Data Interface .9 1.3 Clock Interface 11 1. 4 LED Interface 1.5 Reset and Power down 12 1.6 Strap Options 12 1.7 10 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s PMD Interface 14 1.8 Special Connections 14 1. 9 Power Supply Pi 14 1. 10 Package Pin AsSi 15 2.0 Configuration 16 2. 1 Auto-Negotiation g 16 2.1.1 Auto-Negotiation Pin Control 16 2.1.2 Auto-Negotiation Register Control 16 2.1.3 Auto-Negotiation Parallel Detection 2. 1. 4 Auto-Negotiation Restart 2.1.5 Enabling Auto-Negotiation via Software 17 2.1.6 Auto-Negotiation Complete Time 17 2.2 Auto-MDIX 2. 3 PHY Address 18 2.3.1 Mll Isolate mode 2.4 LED Interface 19 2.4.1LED 19 2.4.2 LED Direct Control 2.5 Half Duplex VS Full Duplex 20 2.6 Internal Loopback 20 2.7 BIST 20 3.0 Functional Description .I.I... 21 3.1 Mll Interface 3.1.1 Nibble-wide mll data Interface 21 3.1.2 Collision detect 3.1.3 Carrier Sense 21 3.2 Reduced mll Interface 3.3 10 Mb Serial Network Interface(SNI) .22 3. 4 802.3u Mll Serial Management Interface 3.4.1 Serial Management Register Access 3.4.2 Serial Management Access protocol 22 3.4.3 Serial Management Preamble Suppression 4.0 Architecture 24 4.1100BASE-TX TRANSMITTER .24 4.1. 1 Code-group Encoding and Injection 26 4.1.2 Scrambler 26 4.1 3 Nrz to nrzi Encoder 26 4.1. 4 Binary to MLT-3 Convertor 26 4.2100 BASE-T×RECEⅣVER 26 4.2.1 Analog Front Et 26 4.2.2 Digital Signal Processor 26 4.2.2.1 Digital Adaptive Equalization and gain Control 28 4.2.2.2 Base Line Wander Compensation 4.2.3 Signal detect 4.2.4 MLT-3 to nrzi Decoder 4,25 nrz to nrz 4.2.6 Serial to parallel 4.2.7 Descrambler 4.2.8 Code-group Alignment 4.29 4B/5B Decoder 4.2. 10 100BASE-TX Link Integrity Monitor ..30 42. 11 Bad ssD Detection .30 www.national.com Oo寸∞∞∞ 4.3 10BASE-T TRANSCEIVER MODULE 30 4.3.1 Operational Modes 30 4.3.2 Smart squelch 31 4.3.3 Collision Detection and sQE 4.3.4 Carrier Sense 31 4.3.5 Normal Link Pulse detection/Generation 4.3.6 Jabber function …32 4.3. 7 Automatic Link Polarity detection and correction .....32 4.3.8 Transmit and Receive Filtering ...32 4.3.9 Transmitter 4.3.10 Receiver 5.0 Design Guidelines 33 5. 1 TPI Network circuit ....33 5.2 ESD Protection 34 5.3 Clock In(X1) Requirements 34 5. 4 Power feedback circu 35 5.5 Power Down/Interrupt 35 5.5.1 Power down control mode ....35 5.5.2 Interrupt Mechanisms 5.6 Energy Detect Mode 36 6.0 Reset Operation..∴.∴∴∴.37 6.1 Hardware reset 6.2 Software reset 7.0 Register Block ,,,,,,,,,38 7. 1 Register definition 7.1.1 Basic Mode Control Register(BMCR) 7.1.2 Basic Mode Status Register(BMSR) 44 7.1.3 PHY Identifier Register #1 (PHYIDR1) 45 7.1. 4 PHY Identifier Register #2(PHYIDR2 ..45 7.1.5 Auto-Negotiation Advertisement Register(ANAR) .......45 7.1.6 Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register(ANLPAR) (BASE Page) 7.1.7 Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register(ANLPAR)(Next Page) 7.1.8 Auto-Negotiate Expansion Register (ANER) 7.1.9 Auto-Negotiation Next Page Transmit Register(ANNPTR) 7.2 EXtended Registers 50 7.2.1 PHY Status Register(PHYSTS 7.2.2 Mll Interrupt Control Register(MICR 52 7.2.3 MIl Interrupt Status and Misc. Control Register(MISR) 7.2.4 False Carrier Sense Counter Register(FCSCR) 7.2.5 Receiver Error Counter Register(RECR 7.2.6 100 Mb/s PCS Configuration and Status Register(PCSR) 55 7.2.7 RMII and Bypass Register(RBR) 7. 2. 8 LED Direct Control Register(LEDCR 7. 2. 9 PHY Control Register(PHYCR) .....57 7.2.10 10Base-T Status/Control Register(1OBTSCR) 58 7. 2.11 CD Test and BIST Extensions Register(CDCTRL1) 60 7. 2. 12 Energy Detect Control (EDCR) 6 8.0 Electrical Specifications 62 8.1 DC Specs 62 8.2 AC Specs .,,,,.,64 8.2.1 Power Up Timing 64 8.2.2 Reset Timing 8.2.3 Mll Serial Management Timing 8.2.4 100 Mb/s MIl Transmit Timing 8.2.5 100 Mb/s Mll Receive Timing ............67 8.2.6 100BASE-TX Transmit Packet Latency Timing 67 8.2.7 100BASE-TX Transmit Packet Deassertion Timing 8.2.8 100BASE-TX Transmit Timing(tr/F& Jitter) 8.2.9 100BASE-TX Receive Packet Latency Timing 70 8.2.10 100BASE-TX Receive Packet Deassertion Timing 70 www.national.com 8.2.11 10 Mb/s Mll Transmit Timing 71 8.2.12 10 Mb/s Mll Receive Timing 8.2.13 10 Mb/s serial Mode Transmit Timing 8.2.14 10 Mb/s serial Mode Receive timing 8.2.15 10BASE-T Transmit Timing (Start of Packet 73 8.2. 16 10BASE-T Transmit Timing(End of Packet 73 8. 2. 17 10BASE-T Receive Timing(Start of Packet) 8.2.18 10BASE-T Receive Timing(End of Packet 74 8.2.19 10 Mb/s heartbeat Timing 75 8.2.20 10 Mb/s Jabber Timing 8222 Auto-Negotiation Fast Link Pulse(FLP) Timing…、∴ 8.2.21 10BASE-T Normal Link Pulse Timing .....,,,,76 8.2.23 100BASE-TX Signal Detect Timing 8.2.24 100 Mb/s Internal loopback timing 8.2.25 10 Mb/s Internal Loopback Timing .78 8. 2.26 RMII Transmit Timing .79 8.2.27 RMII Receive Timing 82.28 Isolation Timing 81 8.2.29 25 MHz OUT Timing 81 8.2.30 100 Mb/s X1 to TX CLK Timing 82 9.0 Physical Dimensions∴∴ ■■■ 84 ww.national. com Oo寸∞∞∞ List of Figures Figure 1. DP83848C Functional Block Diagram..... Figure 2. PHYAD Strapping Example 18 Figure 3. AN Strapping and LED Loading Example 19 Figure 4. Typical MDC/MDIO Read Operation ......23 Figure 5. Typical MDC/MDIO Write Operation 23 Figure 6. 100BASE-TX Transmit Block Diagram ,,,,,,.,,.24 Figure 7. 100BASE-TX Receive Block Diagram 27 Figure 8. EIA/TIA Attenuation Vs Frequency for 0, 50, 100, 130&150 meters of CAt 5 cable...... 28 Figure 9. 100BASE-TX BLW Event ........ Figure 10. 10BASE-T Twisted Pair Smart Squelch Operation 31 Figure 11 10/100 Mb/s Twisted Pair Interface...,.......... 33 Figure 12. Crystal Oscillator Circuit 34 Figure 13. Power Feeback Connection 35 www.national.com List of tables Table 1. Auto-Negotiation Modes .16 Table 2. PHY Address Mapping Table 3. lEd Mode select 19 Table 4. Supported packet sizes at +/-50ppm +/-100ppm for each clock Table 5. Typical MDIO Frame Format Table 5. 4B5B Code-Group Encoding/Decoding Table 6. 25 .,34 Table7.25 MHz Oscillator Specification∴.∴.∴ ,,,,,,,,,,34 Table 8. 50 MHz Oscillator Specification ,,35 Table 9. 25 MHz Crystal Specification Table 10 Register Map...................... 38 Table 11. Register Table ..∴......39 Table 12. Basic Mode Control Register (BMCR), address 0X00 Table 13. Basic Mode Status Register(BMSR), address 0x01 Tabe14. PHY ldentifier Register#1( PHYIDR1), address0x02.∴………………………4 Table 15 PHY Identifier Register #2 (PHYIDR2), address 0x03 45 Table 16. Negotiation Advertisement Register(ANAR), address 0x04 45 Table 17. Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register(ANLPAR)(BASE Page), address 0x05.... 46 Table 18 Auto-Negotiation Link Partner Ability Register(ANLPAR)(Next Page), address 0x05..... 48 Table 19. Auto-Negotiate Expansion Register(ANER), address 0X06 Table 20 Auto-Negotiation Next Page Transmit Register(ANNPTR), address 0x07 .∴.∴......,49 Table 21. PHY Status Register(PHYSTS), address 0x10 Table 22 Mll Interrupt Control Register(MICR), address 0x11 n..52 Table 23. MIl Interrupt Status and Misc. Control Register(MISR), address 0x12 .....∴.53 Table 24. False Carrier Sense Counter Register(FCSCR), address 0x14 54 Table 25 Receiver Error Counter Register(RECR), address 0x15 54 Table 26. 100 Mb/s PCS Configuration and Status Register(PCSR), address 0x16 Table 27. RMI and Bypass Register(RBR), addresses 0x17...................56 Table 28 LED Direct Control Register (LEDCR), address 0X18 量重面重重m 56 Table 29 PHY Control Register(PHYCR), address Ox19 57 Table 30 10Base-T Status/Control Register(10BTSCR), address OX1A Table 31. CD Test and BIST Extensions Register(CDCTRL1), address 0x1B ..60 Table 32. Energy Detect Control (EDCR), address 0x1D ,,61 www.national.com Oo寸∞∞∞ In Layou 乙uzoOHOau PFBIN2 24 RBIAS 23上 PFBOU RX DV/MIL MODE AVDD33 CRS/CRS DV/LED CFG RESERVED RX ER/MDIX EN 41 RESERVED 42 RXD O/PHYAD1 DP838480 PFBIN1 RXD 1/PHYAD2 Td RXD 2/PHYAD3 TD RXD 3/PHYAD4 AGND OGND JOVDD33 Hz=z3oa au>u c u>uOu p vie NS Package Number Vbh48A www.national.com 1.0 Pin Descriptions The DP83848C pins are classified into the following inter- All DP83848C signal pins are i/o cells regardless of the face categories(each interface is described in the sections particular use. The definitions below define the functionality that follow of the l/O cells for each pin Serial Management Interface Input MAC Data Interface Output Clock Interface Type: I/o Input/Output LED Interface Type OD Open Drain Reset and power down Type: PD, PU Internal Pulldown/Pullup Strap Options Strapping Pin(All strap pins have weak in- --10/100 Mb/s Pmd Interface ternal pull-ups or pull-downs. If the default Special Connect Pins strap value is needed to be changed then an external 2.2 k resistor should be used Power and ground pins Please see Section 1.6 for details.) Note: Strapping pin option. Please see Section 1.6 for strap definitions 1.1 Serial Management Interface Signal Name Tvpe Pin t Description MDC 31 MANAGEMENT DATA CLOCK: Synchronous clock to the MDIo management data input/output serial interface which may be asynchronous to transmit and receive clocks. The maximum clock rate is 25 Mhz with no minimum clock rate MDIO 30 MANAGEMENT DATA l/O: Bi-directional management instruc tion/data signal that may be sourced by the station management entity or the PhY. This pin requires a 1.5k pullup resistor 1.2 MAC Data Interface Signal name Type Pin t Description TX CLK MII TRANSMIT CLOCK: 25 MHz Transmit clock output in 100 Mb/s mode or 2.5 MHz in 10 mb/s mode derived from the 25 mHz reference clock Unused in emil mode the device uses the x1 reference clock in put as the 50 MHz reference for both transmit and receive SNI TRANSMIT CLOCK: 10 MHZ Transmit clock output in 10 Mb SNI mode. The MAc should source TX EN and TXdO using this clock TX EN L PD Mll TRANSMIT ENABLE: Active high input indicates the pres ence of valid data inputs on TXD3: 0 RMII TRANSMIT ENABLE: Active high input indicates the pres- ence of valid data on TXD[1: 0 SNI TRANSMIT ENABLE: Active high input indicates the pres- ence of valid data on TXD 0 TXD 0 MII TRANSMIT DATA: Transmit data Mll input pins, TXD3: 0 TXD 1 3456 that accept data synchronous to the TX ClK (2.5 MHz in 10 Mb/s mode or 25 MHz in 100 Mb/s mode) TXD 2 RMII TRANSMIT DATA: Transmit data RMII input pins, TXD[1 TXD 3 S.L. PD that accept data synchronous to the 50 MHz reference clock SNI TRANSMIT DATA: Transmit data sNi input pin TXd 0, that accept data synchronous to the TX CLK (10 MHz in 10 Mb/s sni mode) www.national.com Oo寸∞∞∞ Signal name Type Pin #i Description RX CLK 38 MI RECEE CLOCK: Provides the 25 mhz recovered receive clocks for 100 Mb/s mode and 2.5 MHz for 10 Mb/s mode Unused in rmll mode the device uses the xl reference clock in put as the 50 MHz reference for both transmit and receive SNI RECEIVE CLOCK: Provides the 10 MHz recovered receive clocks for 10 Mb/s sni mode RXD∨ S.O. PD MII RECEIVE DATA VALID: Asserted high to indicate that valid data is present on the corresponding RXD[3: 0]. MIl mode by de fault with internal pulldown RMII Synchronous Receive Data Valid: This signal provides the RMII Receive Data valid indication independent of carrier sense This pin is not used in SNI mode RX ER S.O. PU MIl RECEIVE ERROR: Asserted high synchronously to RX CLK to indicate that an invalid symbol has been detected within a re ceived packet in 100 Mb/s mode RMII RECEIVE ERROR: Assert high synchronously to X1 when- ever it detects a media error and rxdv is asserted in 100 mb/s This pin is not required to be used by a mac, in either mil or rmll mode, since the Phy is required to corrupt data on a receive error This pin is not used in SNI mode RXD O S.O. PD MII RECEIVE DATA: Nibble wide receive data signals driven syn RXd 1 chronously to the rx clk, 25 Mhz for 100 Mb/s mode 2.5 MHZ for 10 Mb/s mode ) RXD[3 0] signals contain valid data when RXD 2 45 RX DV is asserted RXD 3 46 RMII RECEIVE DATA: 2-bits receive data signals, RXD[1: 0], driv en synchronously to the X1 clock, 50 MHZ SNI RECEIVE DATA: Receive data signal, RXD 0, driven syn chronously to the RX ClK RXd0 contains valid data when CRs is asserted. RXD[3: 1] are not used in this mode CRS/CRS DV S.O. PU MII CARRIER SENSE: Asserted high to indicate the receive me dium is non idle RMII CARRIER SENSE/RECEIVE DATA VALID: This signal combines the rmll carrier and receive data valid indications For a detailed description of this signal, see the RMII Specifica- SNI CARRIER SENSE: Asserted high to indicate the receive me dium is non -idle. It is used to frame valid receive data on the RXD 0 signal COL S.O. PU MI COLLISION DETECT: Asserted high to indicate detection of a collision condition(simultaneous transmit and receive activity) in 10 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s Half Duplex Modes While in 10BASE-T Half Duplex mode with heartbeat enabled this pin is also asserted for a duration of approximately 1 s at the end of transmission to indicate heartbeat (SQE test In Full duplex Mode, for 10 Mb/s or 100 Mb/s operation, this sig nal is always logic 0. There is no heartbeat function during 10 Mb/s full duplex operation RMII COLLISION DETECT: Per the RMll Specification, no COL signal is required. The MAc will recover CRS from the CRS DV signal and use that along with its tX en signal to determine col- SNI COLLISION DETECT: Asserted high to indicate detection of a collision condition(simultaneous transmit and receive activity) in 10 Mb/s sni mode www.national.com 10

pyqt4精彩实例讲解，适合pyqt4初级学习者，经供参考第6行创建了一个 QPush Button对象,并设置它的显示文木为“ Hello Kitty!",由于此处并没有指定按钮的父窗体,因此以自己作为主窗凵第7行调用show()方法,显示此按钮。控件被创建时,默认是不显示的,必须调用show() 区数来显示它。第8行的 connect方法是αt最重要的特征,即信号与槽的机制。当按钮被按下则触发 clicked 信号,与之相连的 APplication对象的槽quit(响应按钮单击信号,执行退出应用程序的操作。关于信号与槽机制在本实例最后将进行详细的分析。最后调用 APplication的exec()方法,程序进入消息循环,等待可能输入进行响应。Qt 完成事件处理及显示的工作,并在应用程序退出时返叫exec_Q)的值最后执行程序即可出现上图所示的对话框,一个简单的 Hello Kitty!例子完成。信号与槽机制作为αt最重要的特性,提供了任意两个Qt对象之间的通信机制。其中,信号会在某个特定情况或动作下被触发,槽是用于接收并处理信号的函数。例如,要将一个窗口中的变化情况通知给另一个窗口,则一个窗口发送信号,另一个窗口的槽接收此信号并进行相应的操作,即可实现两个窗∏之间的通信。这比传统的图形化程序采用回调函数的方式实现对象间通信要简单灵活得多。每个Qt对象都包含预定的信号和槽,当一某一特定事件发生时,一个信号被发射,与信号相关联的槽则会响应信号完成相应的处理。信号与槽机制常用的连接方式为 connect(Object1, SIGNAL(signal), Object2, SLOT (slot) signal|为对象 Object1的信号,sot为对象 Object2的槽,Qt的窗口部件都包含若十个预定义的信号和若干个预定乂的槽。当一个类被继承时,该类的信号和槽也同时被继承。开始人也可以根据需要定义自己的信号和槽。信号与槽机制可以有多种连接方式,下图描述了信号与槽的多种可能连接方式。 Object 1 Object 2 signal 1 si巴nall signal 2 SeFa 2 slot 1 slot 1 lot 2 Object 3 signal 2 slot 1 slot 2 个信号可以与另一个信号相连 connect(object1, SIGNAL(signal1),Object2, SIGNAL(signal 1)) 即表示 Object11的信号1发射可以触发 Object2的信号1发射 2.表示一个信号可以与多个槽相连 connect(Object1, SIGNAL(signal2), Object2, SLOT(slot2)) connect(object1, SIGNAL(signal2), Object3. SLOT(slot1) 3表示同一个槽可以响应多个信号 connect(object1, SIGNAL(signal2), Object2, SLOT(slot2)) connect(object3, SIGNAL(signal2),object2, SLOT (slot2)) 注:本文基本上是经过改编的《 Linux窗口程序设计-Qt4精彩实例分析》一书的PyQt4for windows版本可以这么写: b clicked. connect( app. quit) 这样就少了一些 hardcode的字符串了,更加 pythonic 实例2标准对话框的使用分类:-PyQ42010-12-0310:342105人阅读评论(2)收藏举报和人多数操作系统一样, Windows及Linuⅹ都提供了一系列的标准对话框,如文件选择, 字体选择,颜色选择等,这些标准对话框为应用程序提供了一致的观感。Qt对这些标准对话框都定义了相关的类,这些类让使用者能够很方便地使用标准对话框进行文件,颜色以及字体的选择。标准对话框在软件设计过程中是经常需要使用的。 αt提供的标准对话框除了本实例提到的,还有 QErrorMessage, QInputDialog, QMessage Box, QPrintDialog, QProcess Dialog等,这些标准对话框的使用在本书的后续部分将会陆续介绍。本实例主要演示上面几种标准对话框的使用,如下图所示 St andard dialog 文件对话框颜色对话框字体对话框 Hello wor1l! 在上图中,单击“文件对话框”按钮,会弹出文件选择对话框,选中的文件名将显示在右连, 单击“颜色对话栏”按钮,会弹岀颜色选择对话框,选中的颜色将显小在右边,单击“字体对话框”按钮,会弹出字体选择对话框,选中的字体将更新右边显示的字符串。实现代码如下: [python] view plaincopyprint? 1.*-* -coding: utf-8 2. from PyQt4.QtGui import 3. from PyQt4. QtCore import 4. import sys 6.QText Codec. setCodecForTr(QText Codec codec ForName(utf8")) 8 class Standard Dialog(QDialog) 9 10. def init (self, parent=None) 1. super(StandardDialog, self). init (parent) 12 13. self. setWindow Title( Standard Dialog") 14 15. file Push Button= QPush Button(sefr("文件对话恒") 16 colorPushButton= QPush Button( self.tr-色对话框") font PushButton= QPushButton( self.tr("字体对话框") 19 self. fileLine Edit=QLine Edito self. colorFrame=QFrame( 21 self. colorFrame setFrame Shape(QFrame. Box) 22 self. colorFrame.setAutoFillBackground(True 23. self. fontAine Edit=QLine Edit( Hello World! " 24 25 layout=Q GridLayouto 26 layout. addWidget(filePushButton, 0, 0) layout. addWidget(self. fileLineEdit, 0, 1) 28 layout. addWidget(color PushButton, 1, 0) 29 layout. addWidget(self. colorFrame, 1,1) 30. layout. addWidget(fontPush Button, 2,0) layout. addWidget(self. fontLineEdit, 2, 1) 32 33. self. setLayout(layout) 34 35. self connect(filePushButton, SIGNALCclickedo"), self. open File) 36 self connect(colorPushButton, SIGNAL(clicked(), self. open Color) 37. self connect(fontPush Button, SIGNAL(clicked("), self. openFont) 38 39. def open File(self) 40. s=QFile Dialog getOpen FileName(self, Open file dialog","/","Python files( py)") 42. self. fileLineEdit. setText(str(s)) 43 44. def open Color(selt 45 46. c=Q Color Dialog. get Color(Qt. blue 47. if c is Valid(: 48. self. colorFrame. setPalette(QPalette(c)) 49 50. def open Font(self) 51 52 f, ok=QFontDialog getFont 53 if ok. 54 self. fontLineEdit setFont(f) 55 56. app=QApplication(sys. argv) 57 form= StandardDialogo 58 form. showO 69. app. exec O 第6行设定tr方法使用u邯8编码来解析文字。第13行设置程序的标题。第15到17行创建各个按钮控件。第19行创建一个 LIne edit类实例 filelineedit,用米显示选择的文件名。第20行创建一个 FRame类实例 doorframe,当用户选择不同的颜色时, color frame会根据用户选择的颜色更新其背景第23行创建一个 QLine Edit类实例 fontaine edit.,当用户选择不同的字体时, fontaine edit 会根据用户选择的字体更新其内容。第25到33行将各个控件进行布局第35到37行将各个按钮的 clicked信号相应的槽进行连接 sottIle(方法是文件对话框按钮的 clicked信号的槽,其中 getopenFileName()是 QFileDialog类的一个静态方法,返回用户选择的文件名,如果用户选择取消,则返回一个空串。函数形式如下: QString getopen FileName(QWidget parent= None, QString caption= QString(, Q String directory = QString(, QString filter= QString(, Options options =0) QString getOpen FileName(QWidget parent None, QString caption QString(, QString directory= QString(), QString filter=QStringo, QString selectedFilter= None, Options options = 0) 调用 getOpen FileName(函数将创建一个模态的文件对话框,如下图所示。 directory参数指定了默认的目录,如果 directory参数带有文件名,则该文件将是默认选中的文件,fter 参数对文件类型走行过滤,只有与过滤器匹配的文件类型才显示, filter可以同时指定多种过滤方式供用户选择,多种过滤器之间用";"隔开,用广选择的过滤器通过参数 selectedFilter 返回 Open file dialog ②区查找范围):「本地避盘(:) OMy Book My Doc 我最近的文档yFim @My Hidden aMy Music 桌面 laMy Othe oMy Pic 品 7 Softwa 我的文档 My Study aMy Work 我的电脑网上邻居文件名① [打开@)1 文件类型): Python files(,py) 取消 QFileDialog类还提供了类似的其他静态函数,如卜表,通过这些函数,用户可以方使地定制自己的文件对话框。静态函数说明 ge lOpenFilename 获得用户选择的文件名 getsaveFileName 获得用户保存的文件名 getExistingdirectory 获得用户选择的已存在的目录名 getOpenl'ileNames 获得用户选择的文件名列表 slotcolor()函数是颜色对话框按钮 clicked信号的槽。其中 decolor()是 QColorDialog的个静态函数,返回用户选择的颜色值,函数形式如下: QColor Q Dialog getColor(Q Color initial=Qt. white, QWidget parent= None) QColor Q Color Dialog. getColor(QColor, QWidget, QString, Color DialogOptions options 0 调用 getcolor(函数将创建一个模态的颜色对话框,如下图所示。 initial参数指定了默认的颜色,默认为白色,通过 is valid(可以判断用户选择的颜色是否有效,若用户选择取消, isValid将返回 false Select Font 冈 Font Font style eIze Normal 仿宋GB2312 Normal 华文中宋工 telic 华文仿 Bold 8 华文宋体 Bold italic 9 华文彩云 10 华文新魏 11 华文楷体 12 华文琥珀华文细黑 1日文 18 华文隶书 2 2在-1Rnn 4 E￡ Eects Sample □ Strikeout 口 nderline AaBblyLr Writing System ty OK[ Cancel slotFont()函数是字体对话框按钮 clicked信号的槽。其中 getFont(是 QFontDialog的个静态函数,返回用户选择的字体,函数形式如下: (QFont, bool) getFont(QFont, QWidget, QString, FontDialogOptions) (QFont, bool) getFont(QFont, QWidget, QString) (QFont, bool) getFont(QFont, QWidget parent= None) (QFont, bool) getFont(QWidget parent = None 调用 getFont()函数将创建个模态的字体对话框,如下图所示。用户选择OK,函数返回(用户选择的字体True)否则返回(默认字体, False) ■ Select font Font Font styl Size 宋体 Normal 仿宋GB2312 orm 文中宋工taic 华文仿 Bold 8 华文宋体 Bold italic 9 10 华文新魏 11 华文楷体 12 华文琥华文细 1日 18 华文隶 2 22 宋体-1Rn3n Effects ample □ Strikeout □nler1ine AaBbyyli Writing System Any 匚[caca 实例3各类位置信分类:-PyQt42010-12-0417:071226人阅读评论()收藏举报 Qt提供了很多关于获取窗体位置及显示区域大小的函数,本实例利用一个简单的对话框显示窗体的各种位置信息,包括窗体的所在点位置,长,宽信息等。木实例的目的是分析各个有关位置信息的函数之间的区别,如x(,yO,posO),rect), size(), geometry)等,以及在不同的情况下应使用哪个函数来获取位置信息。实现的效果如下图

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