请问WINDOWS平台中函数调用的两种方式：__stdcall和__cdecl有什么区别？

[jeemy]

谢了！

[joke100]

应该知道函数调用的过程需要首先将参数入栈.
在函数调用结束有两种方法清理栈数据.
其一是__cdecl标准,它指定由调用者清理.
另一种是__stdcall,它指定被调用者自己负责清理.

[joke100]

C/C++默认的是__cdecl方式,即调用者负责清理.
但是调用Win32 API functions时使用__stdcall方式,由被调用者(API)自行清理.

[Edward]

__stdcall
Home | Overview | How Do I

Microsoft Specific —>

The __stdcall calling convention is used to call Win32 API functions. The callee cleans the stack, so the compiler makes vararg functions __cdecl. Functions that use this calling convention require a function prototype. The following list shows the implementation of this calling convention.

Element Implementation
Argument-passing order Right to left.
Argument-passing convention By value, unless a pointer or reference type is passed.
Stack-maintenance responsibility Called function pops its own arguments from the stack.
Name-decoration convention An underscore (_) is prefixed to the name. The name is followed by the at sign (@) followed by the number of bytes (in decimal) in the argument list. Therefore, the function declared as int func( int a, double b ) is decorated as follows: _func@12
Case-translation convention None


The /Gz compiler option specifies __stdcall for all functions not explicitly declared with a different calling convention.

Functions declared using the __stdcall modifier return values the same way as functions declared using __cdecl.

END Microsoft Specific

Example
In the following example, use of __stdcall results in all WINAPI function types being handled as a standard call:

// Example of the __stdcall keyword
#define WINAPI __stdcall


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__cdecl
Home | Overview | How Do I

Microsoft Specific —>

This is the default calling convention for C and C++ programs. Because the stack is cleaned up by the caller, it can do vararg functions. The __cdecl calling convention creates larger executables than __stdcall, because it requires each function call to include stack cleanup code. The following list shows the implementation of this calling convention.

Element Implementation
Argument-passing order Right to left
Stack-maintenance responsibility Calling function pops the arguments from the stack
Name-decoration convention Underscore character (_) is prefixed to names
Case-translation convention No case translation performed


Note For related information, see Decorated Names.

Place the __cdecl modifier before a variable or a function name. Because the C naming and calling conventions are the default, the only time you need to use __cdecl is when you have specified the /Gz (stdcall) or /Gr (fastcall) compiler option. The /Gd compiler option forces the __cdecl calling convention.

Example
In the following example, the compiler is instructed to use C naming and calling conventions for the system function:

// Example of the __cdecl keyword
_CRTIMP int __cdecl system(const char *);

END Microsoft Specific


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[ddddh]

就是参数压栈的顺序不同而已:)

[招RD和QA]

其实应该是3种吧，__stdcall, __cdecl, __pascal。
有些书上说__stdcall 就是 __pascal，这是错误的说法。

[In355Hz]

__cdecl调用快，但是在每次调用函数都要链上清理栈的代码，所以调用次数越多，生成的代码量越大。
__stdcall较慢，但是清理栈的代码只需在函数体中链入一次，所以生成的代码量小。

[招RD和QA]

不好意思，说错了。
最初应该是5种。
还有__fortran　和 __syscall

但是
The __pascal, __fortran, and __syscall calling conventions are no longer supported. You can emulate their functionality by using one of the supported calling conventions and appropriate linker options.