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use case 和 use case realization之间的区别?
leo_0609
2006-10-31 10:10:00
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use case 和 use case realization之间的区别?
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pirateRocy
2006-11-07
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use case: 去上海
use case realization 1 乘火车去上海
use case realization 2 乘飞机去上海
gggggame
2006-11-05
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用例和用例实现
kubbye
2006-11-01
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uml???
Rat
ion
al Software Architect Workshop
Rat
ion
al Software Architect Workshop UML Diagrams What is a Model? • A model is a semantically closed abstract
ion
of a subject system. – A model is defined in RUP as “a complete descript
ion
of a system from a particular perspective.” • Examples of models: – UML model – Code – Data model Diagrams • Diagrams graphically depict a view of a part of your model. • Different diagrams represent different views of the system that you are developing. • A model element will appear on one or more diagrams. ...... Model Templates: Enterprise IT Design Model A design model describes the
real
izat
ion
of
use
case
s to design classes. Architectural Layers Separate business logic from data and
use
r interface
Use
-
Case
Real
izat
ion
Shows how a
use
case
is implemented in terms of collaborating objects
RUP.rar_rup_rup design document_rup_ucrs.d_rup方法论
RUP方法论的设计文档模板。英文版的,RUP(Rat
ion
al Unified Process,统一软件开发过程,统一软件过程。包含两个文档: Software Architecture Document,软件架构文档模板
Use
-
Case
-
Real
izat
ion
Specificat
ion
,用户案例实现规范模板
Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems in Medicine
Preface About the Editors Part 1—Fundamentals and Neuro-Fuzzy Signal Processing Chapter 1—Fuzzy Logic and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems in Medicine and Bio-Medical Engineering: A Historical Perspective 1. The First Period: The Infancy 2. Further Developments and Background 3. Neuro-Fuzzy Systems and their Applicat
ion
s in Medicine and Biology 4. Genetic Algorithms, Fuzzy Logic, and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems 5. Bibliographies 6. Conclus
ion
s and Predict
ion
s Chapter 2—The Brain as a Fuzzy Machine: A Modeling Problem 1. The Fuzzy Approach in Neurobiology: A Historical Perspective 2. The Generality of Young’s Hypothesis 2.1 Simple Stimuli 2.2 Neural Organ
izat
ion
of Cryptic Events: From Tastes to Faces 2.2.1 The General Approach 2.2.2 Solut
ion
s Possible: Taste 2.2.3 Solut
ion
s Possible: Faces 2.3 Neural Codes 3. Fuzzy Models for Taste 3.1 Grades of Membership in Fuzzy Sets 3.2 A Fuzzy Model 3.2.1 The Model 3.2.2 The Synthesis of the Fuzzy Model 3.2.3 Simulating the Dynamics of Taste Neurons 4. Fuzzy Model For Brain Activity 4.1 A Neural Network Implementing a Fuzzy Machine? 4.2 An Artificial Neuron Implements a Fuzzy Membership Funct
ion
4.3 A Layer of Neurons Implements a Fuzzifier 4.4 A “Hidden” Neuron Implements a Fuzzy Rule 5. Applicat
ion
s of Fuzzy Logic to Neural Systems 5.1 Quantitative Aspects of the Fuzzy Neural Sets 5.1.1 Neural Mass 5.1.2 Sensitivity to Fine Gradat
ion
s in Input 5.1.3 Intelligence 5.2 Defuzzificat
ion
and Responses 5.3 Memory: Input and Retrieval 6. Conclus
ion
s Appendix 1. Abbreviat
ion
s Appendix 2. Terminology References Chapter 3—Brain State Identificat
ion
and Forecasting of Acute Pathology Using Unsupervised Fuzzy Clustering of EEG Temporal Patterns 1. Introduct
ion
2. Background 2.1 The Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal [1], [2] 2.2 Brain States and the EEG 2.3 Stimulus-Evoked EEG Patterns 2.4 Underlying Processes 2.5 Fuzzy Systems and the EEG 3. Tools 3.1 Data Acquisit
ion
3.1.1 Spontaneous Ongoing Signal 3.1.2 Evoked Responses 3.2 Feature Extract
ion
3.2.1 Spectrum Estimat
ion
3.2.2 Time-Frequency Analysis 3.2.2.1 Multiscale Decomposit
ion
By The Fast Wavelet Transform 3.2.2.2 Multichannel Model-Based Decomposit
ion
by Matching Pursuit 3.3 The Unsupervised Optimal Fuzzy Clustering (UOFC) Algorithm. 3.4 The Weighted Fuzzy K-Mean (WFKM) Algorithm 3.5 The Clustering Validity Criteria 4. Examples of
Use
s 4.1 Sleep-Stage Scoring 4.2 Forecasting Epilepsy 4.3 Classifying Evoked and Event-Related Potentials by Waveform 5. Concluding Remarks and Future Applicat
ion
s 5.1 Dynamic Vers
ion
of State Identificat
ion
by UOFC 5.2 Data Fus
ion
Appendiex 1: The Fast Wavelet Transform Appendix 2: Multichannel Model-Based Decomposit
ion
by Matching Pursuit Appendix 3: Feature Extract
ion
and Reduct
ion
by Principal Component Analysis List of Acronyms References Chapter 4—Contouring Blood Pool Myocardial Gated SPECT Images with a Sequence of Three Techniques Based on Wavelets, Neural Networks, and Fuzzy Logic 1. Introduct
ion
2. Anatomy of the G-SPECT Images 3. Strategy of the Proposed Method 3.1. Overview of the Method 3.2. Wavelets-Based Image Pre-Processing 3.3. Neural Network Based Image Segmentat
ion
3.4. Fuzzy Logic-Based Recognit
ion
of the Reg
ion
s of Interest (Ventricles) 3.4.1. Definit
ion
of the Required Fuzzy Sentences 3.4.2. Combining Neuronal Approaches and Fuzzy Logic-Based Inference Systems 3.5. Training the Recognit
ion
System Using a Neuro-Fuzzy Technique 3.5.1. Automated Generat
ion
of Rules and Membership Funct
ion
s (ALGORAM) 3.5.2. Adjustment of Membership Funct
ion
s Using a Descent Method (FUNNY) 3.5.3. Combining the Automated Generat
ion
of Rules and Membership Funct
ion
s and the Adjustment of their Parameters in a Parallel Implementat
ion
(FUNNY-ALGORAM) 4. In Vitro Experiments and Applicat
ion
to Medical
Case
s 4.1. Experiments with Phantoms 4.2. Clinical Test
Case
s 4.3. Implementat
ion
Issues 5. Conclus
ion
s References Chapter 5—Unsupervised Brain Tumor Segmentat
ion
Using Knowledge-Based Fuzzy Techniques 1. Introduct
ion
2. Domain Background 2.1 Slices of Interest for the Study 2.2 Basic MR Contrast Principles 2.3 Knowledge-Based Systems 2.4 System Overview 3. Classificat
ion
Stages 3.1 Stage Zero: Pathology Detect
ion
3.2 Stage One: Building the Intra-Cranial Mask 3.3 Stage Two: Multi-spectral Histogram Thresholding 3.4 Stage Three: “Density Screening” in Feature Space 3.5 Stage Four: Reg
ion
Analysis and Labeling 3.5.1 Removing Meningial Reg
ion
s 3.5.2 Removing Non-Tumor Reg
ion
s 3.6 Stage Five: Final T1 Threshold 4. Results 4.1 Knowledge-Based vs. Supervised Methods 4.2 Evaluat
ion
Over Repeat Scans 5. Discuss
ion
References Abbreviat
ion
s Part 2—Neuro-Fuzzy Knowledge Processing Chapter 6—An Identificat
ion
of Handling Uncertainties Within Medical Screening: A
Case
Study Within Screening for Breast Cancer 1. Introduct
ion
2. Screening 2.1 Notat
ion
s 2.2 The Screening Program 2.3 The Methods 3. The Select Funct
ion
3.1 The Decis
ion
Step 3.2 Disease-Specific Knowledge 3.3 The Refinement Step 4. A Breast Cancer
Case
Study 4.1 Minimizing A0 as Much as Possible in One Step 4.2 Finding the Screening Method 4.3 Defining Disease-Specific Knowledge 4.4 Performing the Refinement 4.5 The Integrated System 5. Conclus
ion
s and Further Work References Chapter 7—A Fuzzy System For Dental Developmental Age Evaluat
ion
1. Introduct
ion
2. Technical Considerat
ion
2.1 Basic Concept
ion
of the Teeth Evaluat
ion
System 2.2 Rule Evaluat
ion
Module 3. System Optim
izat
ion
by Using Clinical Data 3.1 Material and Method 3.2 Dimens
ion
ality Analysis by Principal Component Analysis 3.3 System Optim
izat
ion
by Using Genetic Algorithm 3.4 System Evaluat
ion
and Results 4. Discuss
ion
and Conclus
ion
s Chapter 8—Fuzzy Expert System For Myocardial Ischemia Diagnosis 1. Introduct
ion
2. Fuzzy Expert Systems 3. Difus - Hierarchical Diagnosis Fuzzy System 3.1 Characteristics 3.2 Knowledge Organ
izat
ion
3.3 Structure 3.4 Operat
ion
4. Multimethod Myocardial Ischemia Diagnosis 5. Multimethod Myocardial Ischemia Diagnosis System 5.1 The Implementat
ion
of Fuzzy Score-Based Tests 5.1.1 Medical Patterns 5.1.2 Sequential Processing 5.1.3 Compact Representat
ion
of Fuzzy Score-Based Tests 5.2 MMIDS Structure and Operat
ion
5.2.1 MMIDS Secondary Group 5.2.2 MMIDS Primary Groups 5.3 Experimental Results 6. Conclus
ion
s References Chapter 9—Design and Tuning of Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems for Medical Diagnosis 1. Introduct
ion
2. Problem Statement and General Methodology 3. Design and Rough Tuning of Fuzzy Rules 3.1. Matrix of Knowledge 3.2. Fuzzy Model with Discrete Output 3.3. Fuzzy Model with Continuous Output 3.4. Rough Tuning of Fuzzy Rules 3.4.1. Rough Tuning of Membership Funct
ion
s 3.4.2. Rough Tuning of Rules Weights 4. Fine Tuning of the Fuzzy Rules with Continuous Output 4.1. Tuning as a Problem of Optim
izat
ion
4.2. Quality Evaluat
ion
of Fuzzy Inference 4.3. Computer Simulat
ion
4.3.1. Experiment 1 4.3.2. Experiment 2 5. Fine Tuning of the Fuzzy Rules with Discrete Output 5.1. Tuning as a Problem of Optim
izat
ion
5.2. Quality Evaluat
ion
of Fuzzy Inference 5.3. Computer Simulat
ion
6. Applicat
ion
to Differential Diagnosis of Ischemia Heart Disease 6.1. Diagnosis Types and Parameters of Patient’s State 6.2. Fuzzy Rules 6.3. Fuzzy Logic Equat
ion
6.4. Rough Membership Funct
ion
s 6.5. Algorithm of Decis
ion
Making 6.6. Fine Tuning of The Fuzzy Rules in Medical Applicat
ion
s 7. Conclus
ion
s References Appendix 1—Comparison of
real
and inferred decis
ion
s for 65 patients Appendix 2—FUZZY EXPERT Shell and its Applicat
ion
Chapter 10—Integrat
ion
of Medical Knowledge in an Expert System for
Use
in Intensive Care Medicine 1. Introduct
ion
2. Software Design Principles 3. Medical Knowledge in Intensive Care Medicine 3.1. Structure of the Knowledge 3.2. Meaning of Colloquial Rules 3.3. Rule Processing and Result Calculat
ion
3.4. Combining Different Rules 4. Transformat
ion
of Knowledge into FLORIDA Commands 4.1. Introduct
ion
4.2. Comments 4.3. Modules 4.4. Linguistic Variables 4.5. The FLORIDA Calculator 4.6. Rules: The Knowledge Itself 4.7. Changing the Normal Value 5. Invocat
ion
of FLORIDA 6. Explaining More of FLORIDA’s Funct
ion
ality — The Knowledge Base Inflammat
ion
6.1. Structuring the Knowledge 6.2. Rules for Fever 6.3. Rules for Leukocytosis/Leukopenia 6.4. Rules for Tachycardia/Tachypnoe 6.5. Rules for Synthesis of Acute Phase Proteins 6.6. Rules for Consumpt
ion
of Coagulat
ion
Components 6.7. Improvement of Explanat
ion
7. Differentiat
ion
of Dysfunct
ion
s 8. Visual
izat
ion
of the Result 9. Discuss
ion
and Conclus
ion
s References Part 3—Neuro-Fuzzy Control and Hardware Chapter 11—Hemodynamic Management with Multiple Drugs using Fuzzy Logic 1. Introduct
ion
1.1 Progress in Decis
ion
Making 1.2 Progress in Control 2. System Development 2.1 Decis
ion
-Making: Fuzzy Decis
ion
-Making Module (FDMM) 2.1.1 Purpose 2.1.2 Operat
ion
2.2 Drug-Titrat
ion
Control: Fuzzy Hemodynamic Control Module (FHCM) 2.2.1 Purpose 2.2.2 Operat
ion
2.3 Supervisory Commands: Therapeutic Assessment Module (TAM) 2.4 System Evaluat
ion
s 2.4.1 Example One 2.4.2 Example Two 3. Future Prospects 3.1 Design Possibilities 3.2 “Curse of Dimens
ion
s” 3.3 Machine Intelligence Addit
ion
al Resources Appendix: Terminology References Chapter 12—Neuro-Fuzzy Hardware in Medical Applicat
ion
s 12 A.—System Requirements for Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Hardware in Medical Equipment 1. Introduct
ion
2. Specific Requirements of Medical Applicat
ion
s 2.1 General System and Technological Requirements 2.2 Reliability Requirements 2.3 Precis
ion
and Sensitivity to Parameters 3. Analysis of Several Applicat
ion
s 3.1 Life-Support Applicat
ion
s 3.1.1 Artificial Heart Control 3.1.2 Assisted Ventilat
ion
3.2 Anesthesia Related Equipment 3.3 Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy-Based Equipment for Prosthetics 3.4 General Purpose Devices 3.5 Other Applicat
ion
s 4. General System Design Issues 4.1 Nonlinearity Implementat
ion
- Simulat
ion
Power 4.2 Dynamic Errors 5. Hardware Implementat
ion
Issues 5.1 Implementat
ion
Choice: Analog vs. Digital Fuzzy Processors 5.2 Hardware Minim
izat
ion
5.3 Parallelism vs. Number of Rule Blocks 5.4 A Minimal System Design 6. Choosing the Right Design 7. Conclus
ion
s References Chapter 12 B—Neural Networks and Fuzzy-Based Integrated Circuit and System Solut
ion
s Applied to the Biomedical Field 1. Introduct
ion
2. Required Properties for Embedded Medical Systems 2.1 Embedding medical systems 2.2 Autonomy 2.3 Reliability - safety 2.4 Precis
ion
of computat
ion
2.5 Applicat
ion
-specific requirements 3. Architectures Applied to Neuro-Fuzzy IC Design 3.1 Artificial Neural Network Integrated
Real
izat
ion
3.2 Fuzzy-Based Integrated
Real
izat
ion
3.3 Hybrid Integrated
Real
izat
ion
3.4 An example of neuro-fuzzy
real
izat
ion
4. Concluding Remarks References Index of Terms
用例分析(
Use
case
Analysis)和类的设计
用例分析用例分析用於解释用例的目的分析以及它在生命周期中的执行位置识别执行事件用例流程的类将用例行为分配给这些类,确定类的责任开发用例模型实现,该模型对所确定的类的实例
之间
的协作进行建模用例分析包括用例模型(
Use
-
case
Model)、類(Analysis Classes)、分析模型(Analysis Model)、用例實現(
Use
-
case
Real
izat
ion
)、軟件架構文檔(Softw...
UML建模—EA创建
Use
Case
(用例图)
用例图主要用来描述“用户、需求、系统功能单元”
之间
的关系。它展示了一个外部用户能够观察到的系统功能模型图。 1.新建用例图 2.用例图工具: 3.一个简单用例: 用例图所包含的元素如下: 1.Actor:参与者 表示与您的应用程序或系统进行交互的用户、组织或外部系统。用一个小人表示。 使用者是系统的一个用户 ;用户可以意味着人类的用户,一台...
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