结构体含有指针和指针指向的数据长度，怎么初始化

heap-overflow 2014-08-31 04:25:29

如图，这是一段内存的数据，现在我要用定义一个结构体来解析这段数据。但是问题是，里面有name长度是可变的，长度存储在namelength里面。我定义了下面的结构体，但是有问题，应该如何定义来解析这段数据呢？谢谢各位

typedef struct HEAD
{
unsigned int regf;
unsigned int namelength;
unsigned char* name;
unsigned char head;
}HEAD,*PHEAD;

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heap-overflow 2014-09-02

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引用 2 楼 truelance 的回复:

变长的字段只能有一个，而且必须放在最后 typedef struct HEAD { unsigned int regf; unsigned char head; unsigned int namelength; unsigned char name[1]; }HEAD,*PHEAD;

我也一直这么觉得，只是不太相信自己，可以结贴了，谢谢

猪神川 2014-09-01

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能不能得到namelength的数据。能得到的话用下面的结构体 typedef struct HEAD { unsigned int regf; unsigned int namelength; unsigned char name[0]; }HEAD,*PHEAD; 给这个结构体分配地址空间的时候， PHEAD *p = (PHEAD)calloc(sizeof(struct HEAD) + namelength, 1); 你就可以通过name这个指针去访问后面分配的数据，name将指向name后面数组的首地址。这样就实现了可变长的访问。

图灵狗 2014-09-01

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中间有变长数据的话，只有一个数据一个数据的解析了，不要期望用结构体直接映射。

引用楼主 braveheart2010 的回复:

如图，这是一段内存的数据，现在我要用定义一个结构体来解析这段数据。但是问题是，里面有name长度是可变的，长度存储在namelength里面。我定义了下面的结构体，但是有问题，应该如何定义来解析这段数据呢？谢谢各位 typedef struct HEAD { unsigned int regf; unsigned int namelength; unsigned char* name; unsigned char head; }HEAD,*PHEAD; [/size]

熊熊大叔 2014-09-01

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变长的字段只能有一个，而且必须放在最后 typedef struct HEAD { unsigned int regf; unsigned char head; unsigned int namelength; unsigned char name[1]; }HEAD,*PHEAD;

Cnwanglin 2014-09-01

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#include "stdafx.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct HEAD { unsigned int regf; unsigned int namelength; unsigned char* name; unsigned char head; }HEAD,*PHEAD; int main(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { HEAD h; char tmp[1024] = {0}; const char* p = tmp; printf("input name:\n"); scanf("%s", tmp); h.namelength = strlen(p); h.name = (unsigned char*)p; printf("name is : %s , name lenth is : %d \n", h.name, h.namelength); system("pause"); return 0; }

707wk 2014-08-31

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结构体里不是存储额长度了吗，没听懂你意思

The C programming Language 第二版英文版內容列表 Table of Contents Preface.......................................................... Preface to the first edition..................................... Introduction..................................................... Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction.............................. 1.1 Getting Started................................ 1.2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions........... 1.3 The for statement.............................. 1.4 Symbolic Constants............................. 1.5 Character Input and Output..................... 1.5.1 File Copying.......................... 1.5.2 Character Counting.................... 1.5.3 Line Counting......................... 1.5.4 Word Counting......................... 1.6 Arrays......................................... 1.7 Functions...................................... 1.8 Arguments - Call by Value...................... 1.9 Character Arrays............................... 1.10 External Variables and Scope.................. Chapter 2 - Types, Operators and Expressions..................... 2.1 Variable Names................................. 2.2 Data Types and Sizes........................... 2.3 Constants...................................... 2.4 Declarations................................... 2.5 Arithmetic Operators........................... 2.6 Relational and Logical Operators............... 2.7 Type Conversions............................... 2.8 Increment and Decrement Operators.............. 2.9 Bitwise Operators.............................. 2.10 Assignment Operators and Expressions.......... 2.11 Conditional Expressions....................... 2.12 Precedence and Order of Evaluation............ Chapter 3 - Control Flow......................................... 3.1 Statements and Blocks.......................... 3.2 If-Else........................................ 3.3 Else-If........................................ 3.4 Switch......................................... 3.5 Loops - While and For.......................... 3.6 Loops - Do-While............................... 3.7 Break and Continue............................. 3.8 Goto and labels................................ Chapter 4 - Functions and Program Structure...................... 4.1 Basics of Functions............................ 4.2 Functions Returning Non-integers............... 4.3 External Variables............................. 4.4 Scope Rules.................................... 4.5 Header Files................................... 4.6 Static Variables................................ 4.7 Register Variables.............................. 4.8 Block Structure................................. 4.9 Initialization.................................. 4.10 Recursion...................................... 4.11 The C Preprocessor............................. 4.11.1 File Inclusion........................ 4.11.2 Macro Substitution.................... 4.11.3 Conditional Inclusion................. Chapter 5 - Pointers and Arrays.................................. 5.1 Pointers and Addresses......................... 5.2 Pointers and Function Arguments................ 5.3 Pointers and Arrays............................ 5.4 Address Arithmetic............................. 5.5 Character Pointers and Functions............... 5.6 Pointer Arrays; Pointers to Pointers........... 5.7 Multi-dimensional Arrays....................... 5.8 Initialization of Pointer Arrays............... 5.9 Pointers vs. Multi-dimensional Arrays.......... 5.10 Command-line Arguments........................ 5.11 Pointers to Functions......................... 5.12 Complicated Declarations...................... Chapter 6 - Structures........................................... 6.1 Basics of Structures........................... 6.2 Structures and Functions....................... 6.3 Arrays of Structures........................... 6.4 Pointers to Structures......................... 6.5 Self-referential Structures.................... 6.6 Table Lookup................................... 6.7 Typedef........................................ 6.8 Unions......................................... 6.9 Bit-fields..................................... Chapter 7 - Input and Output..................................... 7.1 Standard Input and Output....................... 7.2 Formatted Output - printf....................... 7.3 Variable-length Argument Lists.................. 7.4 Formatted Input - Scanf......................... 7.5 File Access..................................... 7.6 Error Handling - Stderr and Exit................ 7.7 Line Input and Output........................... 7.8 Miscellaneous Functions......................... 7.8.1 String Operations...................... 7.8.2 Character Class Testing and Conversion. 7.8.3 Ungetc................................. 7.8.4 Command Execution...................... 7.8.5 Storage Management..................... 7.8.6 Mathematical Functions................. 7.8.7 Random Number generation............... Chapter 8 - The UNIX System Interface............................ 8.1 File Descriptors............................... 8.2 Low Level I/O - Read and Write................. 8.3 Open, Creat, Close, Unlink..................... 8.4 Random Access - Lseek.......................... 8.5 Example - An implementation of Fopen and Getc.. 8.6 Example - Listing Directories.................. 8.7 Example - A Storage Allocator.................. Appendix A - Reference Manual.................................... A.1 Introduction................................... A.2 Lexical Conventions............................ A.2.1 Tokens................................ A.2.2 Comments.............................. A.2.3 Identifiers........................... A.2.4 Keywords.............................. A.2.5 Constants............................. A.2.6 String Literals....................... A.3 Syntax Notation................................ A.4 Meaning of Identifiers......................... A.4.1 Storage Class......................... A.4.2 Basic Types........................... A.4.3 Derived types......................... A.4.4 Type Qualifiers....................... A.5 Objects and Lvalues............................ A.6 Conversions.................................... A.6.1 Integral Promotion.................... A.6.2 Integral Conversions.................. A.6.3 Integer and Floating.................. A.6.4 Floating Types........................ A.6.5 Arithmetic Conversions................ A.6.6 Pointers and Integers................. A.6.7 Void.................................. A.6.8 Pointers to Void...................... A.7 Expressions.................................... A.7.1 Pointer Conversion.................... A.7.2 Primary Expressions................... A.7.3 Postfix Expressions................... A.7.4 Unary Operators....................... A.7.5 Casts................................. A.7.6 Multiplicative Operators.............. A.7.7 Additive Operators.................... A.7.8 Shift Operators....................... A.7.9 Relational Operators.................. A.7.10 Equality Operators................... A.7.11 Bitwise AND Operator................. A.7.12 Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator........ A.7.13 Bitwise Inclusive OR Operator........ A.7.14 Logical AND Operator................. A.7.15 Logical OR Operator.................. A.7.16 Conditional Operator................. A.7.17 Assignment Expressions............... A.7.18 Comma Operator.......................... A.7.19 Constant Expressions.................... A.8 Declarations..................................... A.8.1 Storage Class Specifiers................. A.8.2 Type Specifiers.......................... A.8.3 Structure and Union Declarations......... A.8.4 Enumerations............................. A.8.5 Declarators.............................. A.8.6 Meaning of Declarators................... A.8.7 Initialization........................... A.8.8 Type names............................... A.8.9 Typedef.................................. A.8.10 Type Equivalence........................ A.9 Statements....................................... A.9.1 Labeled Statements....................... A.9.2 Expression Statement..................... A.9.3 Compound Statement....................... A.9.4 Selection Statements..................... A.9.5 Iteration Statements..................... A.9.6 Jump statements.......................... A.10 External Declarations........................... A.10.1 Function Definitions.................... A.10.2 External Declarations................... A.11 Scope and Linkage............................... A.11.1 Lexical Scope........................... A.11.2 Linkage................................. A.12 Preprocessing................................... A.12.1 Trigraph Sequences...................... A.12.2 Line Splicing........................... A.12.3 Macro Definition and Expansion.......... A.12.4 File Inclusion.......................... A.12.5 Conditional Compilation................. A.12.6 Line Control............................ A.12.7 Error Generation........................ A.12.8 Pragmas................................. A.12.9 Null directive.......................... A.12.10 Predefined names....................... A.13 Grammar......................................... Appendix B - Standard Library.................................... B.1.1 File Operations................................ B.1.2 Formatted Output......................... B.1.3 Formatted Input.......................... B.1.4 Character Input and Output Functions..... B.1.5 Direct Input and Output Functions........ B.1.6 File Positioning Functions............... B.1.7 Error Functions.......................... B.2 Character Class Tests: ................. B.3 String Functions: ..................... B.4 Mathematical Functions: ................. B.5 Utility Functions: ....................

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首先我们要知道memset在进行赋值时，是按字节为单位来进行赋值的，每次填充的数据长度为一个字节，而对于其他类型的变量，比如int，占4个字节所以sizeof(str)=40；请注意，在我们进行数组初始化的时候如果定义的数组过长，而我们只初始化了一部分数据，对于未初始化的数据如果是数值型，则会自动赋值为0,对于字符型，会自动赋初值为NULL，即‘\0’我们知道，指针指向的是变量所占内存的首地址，在结构体中，指针指向的是结构体变量的起始地址，当然也可指向结构体变量的元素。

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