实时检测网线被拔掉是需要网卡设备驱动程序支持的,
如果驱动程序不支持是无法实现的,NDIS4要求设备驱动程序
最好提供CheckForHangHandler回调函数。2000会每隔2秒钟
调用此函数。驱动程序在此函数中检查网卡连线状态,
如果发生了改变,即拔去了网线或接上了网线,
驱动程序就会调用NdisMIndicateStatus通知所有的上层NDIS协议驱动程序.
其中: NDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_DISCONNECT 指示网线被拔掉,
NDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_CONNECT 指示网线被接上
NDIS_STATUS_LINK_SPEED_CHANGE 指示网卡速度改变,10/100自适应网卡才有。
网卡一般都有 status register 指示当然的连线状态,
也有网卡是通过获得 led status 来知道当前的连线状态的,
即绿灯亮表示连线,灭表示没有。
有些网卡拔掉或接上网线时会产生中断,在中断处理程序中一般也
检测网络连线状态并调用NdisMIndicateStatus,这样连线状态
在2000中就实时反应出来了,否则会在2秒钟内,即NDIS调用CheckForHangHandler后。
http://www.pcausa.com/resources/InetActive.txt
From: Allen Weng <yweg_spawa@microsoft.com>
Subject: RE: Detecting if internet connection is active at this moment.
Date: Friday, May 04, 2001 2:26 AM
Actually, there is no single function for determining if a machine is
connected to the Internet, and it is impossible to reliably determine what
is happening without side effects - such as automatic network connections
taking place. What you can do is reliably detect when there definitely
isn't an Internet Link: in the absence of any dial up or LAN connection the
system is definitely off line.
Some techniques include:
1. IsNetworkAlive()
If you are targeting system with IE5 or later, this is the best API call
yet it even listens for traffic on a LAN. There is a secondary function
IsDestinationReachable() which tries to resolve the hostname and ping it.
This does not work through firewalls, and overestimates speed as the max
the LAN card can support, rather than the actual point to point bandwidth.
2. RasEnumConnections()
A reliable technique for modems and direct dial up networking, but not for
situations where Internet access is via a LAN. You should dynamically load
"RasEnumConnectionA" from "RASAPI32.DLL", as LAN installations of Windows
may not include the library.
3. InternetGetConnectedState()
This Wininet /IE4 function call can distinguish between modem and LAN, but
can't handle complex LAN+autodial router situations. It is "offline state
aware". Important: handling of the offline flage changed for IE5 -it
returns TRUE for connected' even when off line, but signals the flags in
the LPDWORD parameter.
4. InternetCheckConnection()
A Winnet/IE4 function call. This is meant to determine if a URL is
reachable- in practice it is pretty unreliable and best voided.
5. NT SP4, NT5: The IP helper API can tell you which network interface to
use to connect to a supplied IP address, and what the bandwidth and current
status of that link is
6. Using the Offline flag which is part of IE4 to allow users to manually
control the online/offline state of applications. This flag is stored in
the registry and can be manipulated via some funcions calls
These calls mostly determine the presence or absence of network connections
-not Internet access, so can't handle a home network sharing a dial up
connection, or two laptops connected directly to each other.
The global offline state flag of IE4 (and hence win98, NT5) and the call to
test it - InternetGetConnectedState()- look the best long term options, but
will take time to become universal. The IP Helper APIs even let you find
out how much traffic is going over a link, but only detect the 'loopback'
interface on Windows 98, so is not a lot of use. Wouldn't a
'GetSpeedToHost() function call be great?
Finally, whatever technique you use, when it's time to talk to a remote
site, always add timeouts or a cancel button. Even a quick functions like
gethostbyname() can lock up an app if something in the network chain is
broken.